SummaryTwo widely separated populations ofApis melliferaare found in the mountains of northern and southern Oman. By morphometric analysis it is shown that these bees are identical with each other and withA.m. jemeniticafrom North Yemen; a detailed description is given of the race. A close morphological relationship exists with bees from Sudan, but not the bees of Iran or Jordan.Details are given of the climate and the other ecological conditions in which the bees live. The biology and behaviour of the race are discussed with spécial reference to its potential suitability for modern beekeeping.