Sorghum is an important food crop in Uganda; in some areas it is the staple food grain. Low yields of sorghum are attributed to damage caused by insects, particularly the sorghum shoot fly, and to the weather. Chemical and cultural control measures against sorghum shoot fly in Uganda have given erratic results. It is postulated that these erratic results and unpredictable shoot fly behaviour observed by other workers are due to the presence of at least five species ofAtherigona.