SUMMARYThe effect of aqueous extracts and oil of neem (Azadirachta indica) on four soil-borne pathogens,Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.ciceri, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, andSclerotinia sclerotiorum, which incite wilt and rot in gram (Cicer arietinum) was studied. Growth of the four pathogens in liquid medium was inhibited by extracts of leaf, trunk bark, fruit pulp, and oil. Of these four extracts, neem oil showed maximum inhibitory effect. The germination of gram seeds was inhibited at higher concentrations of oil. Oil-treated seeds sown in soil infested with the pathogens singly and intermixed produced disease-free seedlings whereas all the seedlings from untreated seeds exhibited disease symptoms. The fruit pulp suppressed formation of Sclerotium ofR. solaniat all the concentrations. A possible role of neem extracts and oil in controlling gram diseases in field conditions is suggested.