JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND PART 6 I947 PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL Council Meeting 17 October I947.-The Council received amended drafts of the Petition for and substance of a new Charter together with a statement by the Solicitors on certain specific points raised at the previous meeting of the Council. Further minor amendments were approved in the light of this statement and of Counsel’s opinion and it was agreed that these changes be reported to the Conference of Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections which would be considering the drafts on the following day (see p. 240). It was decided that revised drafts would then be prepared for consideration by the Council and by Committees of Local Sections with a view to arriving at a final form of the Petition and Charter for submission to a General Meeting.It was generally agreed that the terms of the Petition and of the new Charter were substantially non-controversial in that although additional powers in certain directions were being sought no obligation was thereby placed upon the Institute to exercise any of these powers nor could they be exercised without the amendment of By-Laws which would require the approval of a General Meeting. It had been decided to defer putting forward any proposals for the amendment of By-Laws until the new Charter had been granted for some of the alterations in the By-Laws that might be desired could not be made under the existing Charter and it would be unsatisfactory to deal piecemeal with such proposals.Consideration was given to the following resolution :-“The Committee of the Leeds Area Section consider that the Institute should be prepared to retain a legal expert to give free advice to members on contracts of service and request them to consider the possibility of adopting a similar procedure to that used by Chartered Accountants whereby the President for the time being is nominated by the signatory to a contract of service as being his assessor in all matters relating to the interpretation of such contract.” Although a proposal that the Institute should retain a solicitor to give advice to members on terms of contracts of service had recently been considered by the Appointments and Economic Status Committee and rejected it was agreed that the proposal should be re-examined by that Committee and that if it were still found unacceptable the reasons should be published.The second part of the resolution was also referred to the Appointments and Economic Status Committee and ordered to be brought also to the notice of the Joint Committee on Contracts of Service which had already given some consideration to this and related questions. Discussion took place also on the following resolution:- “The Committee of the Leeds Area Section realising that considerable concern exists among the members as to whether the present functions of [ 237 3 the Institute are adequate has carefully considered the Manchester Questionnaire. While agreeing that this method of obtaining the views of members of the Institute may not be ideal they feel that the matter should not rest as at present.They therefore ask that the matter be re-opened by Council with a view to re-drafting the Institute’s policy both locally and nationally so that the following objects would be strenuously pursued :-(a) To maintain high qualifications for the profession and to emwe that the value of these is publicly recognised. (b) To increase the value of chemistry to the community by improving the working conditions of chemists including salaries facilities for work responsibility of chemists and adequate representation by chemists on all bodies which have to deal with scientific matters as they affect the community.” This resolution was also referred to the Appointments and Economic Status Committee and section (a) ordered to be reported to the Membership Committee which was particularly concerned with the value placed on Institute qualifications in relation to the recruitment of new members.In the discussion emphasis was placed on the importance of giving as much information as possible on the work of the Institute in ensuring that the value of the qualifications was more widely appreciated and in maintaining and improving the economic position of its members. It was agreed that some information on the latter subject should be included in the Annual Report of the Council. An enquiry whether inhabitants of the Malayan Union were to be regarded as of British nationality in respect of eligibility for admission to the Institute was answered in the affirmative as the Malayan Union was a British Protectorate.This ruling did not apply however to the inhabitants of British Mandated Territories. An Interim Report of the newly constituted Membership Committee (11 October) was received and adopted. The Committee had surveyed the field of work and expected to be in a position to put forward specific recom- mendations at later meetings. A provisional programme of Anniversary Meetings of the Institute to be held in Birmingham on 15-16 April 1948,was approved (see p. 285) and the cordial thanks of the Council were ordered to be conveyed to the Birmingham and Midlands Section Committee for the proposals they had put forward.The Report of the Finance and House Committee (13 October) was received and adopted. Reference was made in the Report to the financial position to 30 September 1947; proposals for revising the accounting system entailing the appointment of Mr. D. Wright as Assistant to the Finance Officer; the funds available for publishing papers presented at the Scottish Symposium and in conjunction with the Irish Chemical Association at the Colloquium held in Dublin; the scale of fees payable to Examiners and Assistant Examiners; War Damage reinstatement; the purchase of an electrically operated adding machine. The Report of the Benevolent Fund Committee (13October) referred inter alia to statements of accounts; a bequest of 250 dollars to the Fund by the late Mr.W. Charles Carter FeZZow; a review of regular grants; consideration of current cases and one new case; a report that the Holidays for Children scheme in 1947 had applied to fourteen children representing r 2383 eight families and that the total sum disbursed had been L87 10s.; a report that the names of regular beneficiaries from the Fund had been given in confidence to the New Zealand Section of the Institute and the Toronto Section of the Chemical Institute of Canada in connection with generous offers by these two bodies to send food parcels to needy members or their dependents; the conditions under which funds might be raised for the provision of residential clubs for old people. The Report was received and adopted. The Report of the Nominations Examinations and Institutions Committee (24 July) and a Supplementary Report (16-17October) dealing with recommendations of the Board of Examiners were received and adopted and candidates recommended for election to the Fellowship or to the Associateship were duly elected to their respective grades.An Interim Report of the Regulations Sub-committee of the Nominations Examinations and Institutions Committee was received and the Sub- committee was instructed on various matters affecting its further action. The Chairman of the Joint Committee of the Institute and the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists reported briefly on the outcome of an interview which representatives of the Joint Committee had with the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health on 8 August.It was noted that a detailed report would be presented to the Joint Committee at a meeting to be held shortly (see p. 251). It was reported that a further meeting had been held on 3 October of the Joint Committee of the Institute the Association of British Chemical Manufacturers and the Standing Committee of Directors of Research Associations and that progress had been made in preparing a statement on terms of engagement of chemists to take the place of the previously published document “Suggested Clauses for Incorporation in Contracts of Service for Chemists” which it had been decided to withdraw. Reports of the Publications and Library Committee (11 September and g October) which were received and adopted referred inter alia to lectures and monographs for publication; future programme of lectures; issue of forms for the Register of Fellows and Associates; revision of the form to be completed by members in connection with a new issue of the Directory of Independent Consultants; completion of the re-organisation of the Institute’s Library.Progress in the work of the Committee on the Education and Training of Laboratory Technicians was reported (sse JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 1947 v 234). Information was received on preliminary discussions that had taken place as to the desirability of constituting a Chemical-Biological Co-ordinat- ing Centre in this country on the lines of that already established in the United States. The Minutes of a Meeting of the Chemical Council held on 21 May 1947 were received (see JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1947 IV 163).Preliminary consideration was given to the representation of the Institute on the Chemical Council for the twelve months beginning I January 1948. It was reported that the Privy Council had approved the use of the letters F.R.I.C.S. and A.R.I.C.S. by Fellows and Professional Associates respectively of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (cf. JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1947,I 5). c 2393 REPORT OF THE SEVENTEENTH CONFERENCE OF HONORARY SECRETARIES OF LOCAL SECTIONS 18 October 1947 at 10 a.m. Present.-Mr. G. Roche Lynch President in the Chair; Professor A. Findlay Vice-President; Dr. D. W. Kent-Jones Honorary Treasurer; Mr.H. G. M. Hardie (Aberdeen and North of Scotland) ; Mr. C. S. McDowell (Belfast and District) ;Mr. E. 31. Joiner (Birmingham and Midlands) ; Mr. B. W. Minifie (Bristol and So~th-n~estern Counties) ; Mr. G. 31. Kerman (Cardiff and District) ; Mr. H. D. Thornton (Dublin and District) ; Dr. John Williams (East Anglia) ; Dr. C. Whitworth (East Midlands) ; hlr. G. Elliot L)odds (Edinburgh and East of Scotland) ; Mr. H. G. A. Anderson (Glasgow and West of Scotland); Dr. E. H. Goodyear (Huddersfield); Dr. W. €1. PedeIty (Hull and District) Mr. W. A. Wightman (Leeds Area) ; Mr. H. Weatherall (Liverpool and North- Western); Mr. T. McLachlan (London and South-Eastern Counties); Mr. A. Carroll (Manchester and District); Dr. J. 0. Harris (Newcastle upon Tyne and North-East Coast); Mr.G. Murfitt (Sheffield S. Yorkshire and N. Midlands); Mr. E. E. Ayling (South Wales); Dr. A. R. Martin (Tees-side); the Secretary the Registrar the Deputy Executive Officer and the Assistant Secretary. The Honorary Secretaries and other representatives of Local Sections were welcomed by the President. CONSTl TUTl 0NA L MATTERS 1. Proposed application for a new Royal Charter.-The Conference had before it drafts of the Petition for and substance of the proposed new Royal Charter which had been circulated together with a statement by the Solicitors embodying Counsel’s opinion on certain outstanding points raised by the Council at its meeting in July. The drafts were substantially as submitted to the Council at its July meeting except that certain minor verbal amendments had been made.It was explained that the primary purpose in applying for a new Charter was to make it clear that the Institute was concerned with the whole of the profession of chemistry and not merely with “the profession of analytical and consulting chemistry” as implied by the terms of the original Charter. Other proposed changes were such as to ensure that adequate powers would be available to permit without further amendment of the Charter such develop- ments of the policy and activities of the Institute as might conceivably be required for the furtherance of the objects of the Institute over a number of years. It was emphasised however that the provision of such additional powers would in no way commit the Institute to exercise them nor could they be exercised without appropriate changes in the By-Laws for which the approval of a General Meeting would continue to be necessary.It was generally agreed that the proposals for the new Charter were on suitable lines and that the changes envisaged were essentially non-controversial. On the other hand it was recognised that if and when the new Charter had been granted careful consideration would need to be given to any subsequent proposals for amending the By-Laws as diverse opinions might well be hdd on such proposals. Discussion took place on a number of points in the draft Charter mostly in connection with removing any possible grounds for misunderstanding. It was agreed to recommend that the quorum of the Council should be eight in respect of its ordinary business including financial transactions as well as in respect of its special functions in the suspension or removal of members.It was agreed that a revised draft of the Petition acd substance of the proposed new Charter embodying amendments in accord- ance with legal opinions on questions raised by the Council and the Conference be circulated as soon as possible to Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections and that sufficient copies be provided to allow of full discussion by the Section Committees. 2. A reas and Boundaries of Local Sections.-Discussion took place on the desirability of changing the boundaries between certain Sections or of establishing new Sections in certain parts of the country so as to provide for the needs of groups of members in places at present remote from established centres in their Section or sometimes from any Section centre at all.Special reference was made to the interests of members in North Wales (at present attached to the South Wales Section) and in Southampton and surrounding district (at present attached to the London and South-Eastern Counties Section). It was reported that the South Wales Section was conducting enquiries into the wishes of members in Denbighshire and other parts of North Wales and would keep the Liverpool and North-Western Section informed about the progress of these enquiries. It was recognised that in the meantime members in L 2403 North Wales who found it convenient to attend meetings in Liverpool could receive notices of such meetings on request and that many had taken advantage of this possi- bility.It was further reported that the London and South-Eastern Counties Section and the Bristol and South-Western Counties Section had arranged a joint meeting in Southampton in order to discover the views of members in that area. This procedure was commended as a useful step towards the solution of problems of this kind. It had been recognised (Report of Sixteenth Conference para. 11 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 1947 111 114) that the formation of a new Local Section in a particular area often resulted in an influx of chemists in that area into the Institute and that the strength of such new Section could therefore not be predicted solely on the basis of the number of members in the area prior to the formation of the Section.It was agreed however that the new Register by showing the distribution of members throughout the country would give valuable information on the need for changing Section boundaries or for the formation of new Sections and that the whole position should be examined as soon as this information was available. AD M I NI ST RAT1 V E MATTERS 3. Agenda for Conferences of Hogaorary secretaries of Local Sections.-It was agreed that it would be desirable for provisional agenda of future Conferences to be issued at least a month before the date of the Conference so as to allow consideration by Section Committees. This would entail advancing the date at which requests for proposed items for discussion were issued to Honorary Secretaries and might not result in great advantages in connection with Conferences held in October.It was further agreed that Honorary Secretaries should give more details of subjects suggested for discussion at Conferences so that the Committees of other Local Sections might be able to consider more fully the questions raised. 4. Invitations to Lecturers at Local Section Meetings.-Consideration was given to possible means for standardising such invitations with a view to getting earlier replies and facilitating the preparation of annual programmes but it was agreed that these invitations must necessarily be of a personal nature and that any attempt to formalise them would be likely to defeat their object.5. Printed Matter issued by the Institute Ofice.-Appreciation was expressed of the work of the printing section of the office but enquiry was made as to the possibility of preparing notices of meetings in a form other than facsimile typewriting and of preparing attractive posters for display on notice boards. It was explained that at present printed matter other than facsimile typewriting had to be hand-set and therefore took a much longer time to produce. In order to set up notices of meetings in printer’s type a notable increase in staff machinery and space would lie necessary and it was doiibtful if the Institute should embark on such extension of its activities at the present time. It was agreed however that the position be examined with a view to seeing what could be done to improve the appearance of the printed matter issued from the office.In the meantime it was noted that a limited number of posters had been produced at the request of certain Sections and that some further work of this nature might be under- taken if due notice were given. Stress was laid on the need for drafts of Section notices to reach the Institute at least a fortnight before the date of the meeting concerned; when this was done every effort was made to distribute copies to members a week before the date of the meeting. Examples were shown of programmes of Section meetings that had been printed locally and it was agreed that arrangements be made for copies of such programmes to be sent to Honorary Secretaries of other Sections for their information.EDUCATIONAL MATTERS AND PUBLICATIONS 6. Courses in Technical Colleges.-Attention was drawn to the unfortunate results arising from the provision of courses in narrow technological subjects for junior workers in local industries in that young people taking such courses and their parents did not always realise that these courses did not serve as a step tow-ards obtaining a professional qualification as they did not cover subjects required in the necessary preliminary examinations. Although heads of technical colleges had in the past been advised of this limitation its importance was not always made clear to students. In some technical colleges however advisers in particular fields of study such as chemistry had been appointed to explain to students that if they had any intention to proceed ultimately to a professional qualification they should in the first instance fit themselves for taking the appropriate preliminary examination in subjects of general education particularly English.It was agreed that everything possible should be done to ensure that students realised their position in this matter and it was recommended that the question be r 241 1 referred to the Special Committee of the Institute on National Certificates. It was further agreed that Local Section Officers might do much informally to help by giving advice to local technical colleges. At the previous Conference (Report para. 3 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1947 111 113) Honorary Secretaries were invited to ask their committees to consider the best ways in which Local Sections might give informal help and guidance in connection with the adequacy of technical college courses for training students to the A.R.I.C.standard and it was agreed that this matter be kept under review. The Registrar undertook to send to Honorary Secretaries of Sections on request particulars of technical colleges which had not so far been recognised by the Institute. 7. Higher National Certijicates and the A .R.I.C. Examination.-It was reported that the Joint Committee with the Scottish Education Department was considering whether it should adopt the scheme now agreed with the Ministry of Education (England and Wales) for separate National Certificates in Chemistry and in Applied Chemistry and that the Council had appointed a special Committee to consider how far National Certificates in Chemistry could be further recognised as a step towards the Associateship of the Institute.8. Examination Papers and Reports.-Consideration was given to the suggestion that publication of Examination Papers and extracts from the Report of the Board of Examiners in JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS might be discontinued as the Examination Papers were already available as a separate annual publication. From the discussion it appeared however that early publication of the Papers in JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS was desired not only by students but also by senior members and that there would be disadvantages in deferring unduly publication of the Report of the Board of Examiners.It was agreed therefore not to recommend any change in the present procedure. 9. Import of American Scientifcc Publications.-It was recommended that the possibility of securing some relaxation of the restrictions on import of American scien- tific publications be referred to the Chemical Council. It was agreed that any informa- tion obtained on this matter should be passed on to Honorary Secretaries of Sections. ECONOMIC MATTERS 10. Transferability of Superannuation benefits.-A request had been received from the Committee of the Tees-side Section for an enquiry to be made into the possibility of securing transferability of superannuation benefits in all branches of the profession of chemistry. It was reported that the Association of Scientific Workers had recently published a statement on this subject (“Superannuation and the Scientist”) and it was understood that many aspects of the matter had been examined by the Industrial Management Research Association.A major difficulty was that superannuation schemes of diverse types were provided by different employers or even by the same employer to meet the varied needs of members of their staffs and there was no simple general basis for transfer of benefits from one type of scheme to another although such arrangements were possible in particular instances if agreement were reached on the actuarial value of the benefits involved. It was understood that some employers had arranged for the inclusion in the rules of their superannuation schemes of clauses dealing with conditions for the transfer of benefits of employees proceeding to other employ- ment.Sometimes provision was made whereby the benefit transferred represented sub- stantially more than that derived from the employee’s personal contributions. A desirable provision would be that on change of employment a man should receive a paid-up deferred annuity of value equal to the sum of his own and his employer’s contributions to that date. The deferred annuity would become effective at the normal retiring age. Special reference was made to the position of the small employer who was unable to provide any satisfactory superannuation scheme for his own staff alone but might desire to join with other similar employers in a scheme covering a much larger number of persons.It was agreed that further enquiry be made into developments in these directions and that the whole subject be kept under review. M ISC ELLANE0US 11. Actions in Progress.-In reply to specific questions it was reported that (1) good progress was being made in the preparation of “Notes on Terms of Engagement of Chemists” to replace “Suggested Clauses for Incorporation in Contracts of Service for Chemists” (JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1945 11 82) which was being withdrawn; (2) a memorandum was being prepared on the lines of Professor Findlay’s article (1944) on the Institute and the Profession of Chemistry setting forth the reasons why all suitably qualified chemists should support the profession by becoming members of the Institute; (3) the preparation of the first issue of the Handbook for Local Section Officers was proceeding and it was hoped that copies would be available shortly.[ 242 1 12. Arrangements for the next Conference.-It was ugyeed that the Eighteenth Conference be held on 17 April 1948 in Birmingham following the Annual General Meeting on the previous day. A draft of the programme of the Anniversary Meetings in Birmingham was presented (see page 285). The Conference adjourned for luncheon at 12.30 p.m. and resumed its sitting in the afternoon until 3.30 p.m. Mr. E. M. Joiner in proposing a vote of thanks to the President for presiding at the Conference and to the Honorary Treasurer and Professor Findlay for their attendance expressed the good wishes of members of the Conference to Professor Findlay for the success of his mission to India and Pakistan and asked that the greetings of Honorary Secretaries of Sections in the British Isles might be conveyed to the Secretaries of over- seas organisations.He also expressed appreciation of the work of the Executive Officers and of the good relations that had been established between them and the Officers of Local Sections. The vote of thanks was carried and the expressions of appreciation endorsed with acclamation. ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL SECTIONS Aberdeen and North of Scotland.-The first of the winter programme of meetings to be held jointly with the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry took place at Marischal College Aberdeen on 24 October under the chairmanship of Professor H.W. Melville F.R.S. The speaker was Mr. Ronald Relcher of the Chemistry Department University of Aberdeen and his subject “New Methods in Applied Organic Analysis.” Numerous questions were answered by the lecturer and the audience which was representative of both the academic and industrial fields accorded their thanks on the motion of Mr. J. E. Bowen. The second joint meeting was held in the Chemistry Department Marischal College Aberdeen on 14 November Dr. R. B. Strathdee in the Chair. Dr. David Traill of Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. gave an address on “Recent Developments in Synthetic Fibres.” The lecturer illustrated his subject by exhibiting specimens and after a discussion had taken place a vote of thanks was accorded on the motion of Dr.J. M. C. Thompson. Belfast and District.-A very interesting lecture on “Tuberculin” was given on 24 September by Mr. J. Lochiel McGirr Veterinary Research Division Stormont. This was enjoyed by a large number of members. Birmingham and Midlands.-The first joint meeting of the Session was held on 15 October when an audience of a bout one hundred listened to an original paper entitled “Chemical Ciphering-a New Systemisation of Chemical Species,” presented by Messrs. M. Gordon C. E. Kendall and W. H. T. Davison. The lecturer Mr. M. Gordon gave a full explanation of the rules and method of ciphering any non-polymeric chemical structure without reference to its spatial isomerism. The system was capable of a mathematical proof of uniqueness unambiguity and univer- sality for any conceivable structure which can be fully represented by atoms linked by bonds and by ionic charges.In answer to questions the other members of the team sketched briefly the extension of the system to stereo-isomers and polymers. During the discussion the point was made that the new system by giving a unique cipher for a compound having several hypo- thetical resonance structures was in accordance with present trends. The use of superscripts the absence of symbols for common groups the departure from traditional classificatory methods deciphering methods and conventions for tautomers were among the subjects raised in a very purposeful discussion. In according its warmest thanks to the authors for this important contribution to chemical systematics the meeting adopted a suggestion that the paper should be published.This motion has since been endorsed by the Section Committee. Mr. E. M. Joiner has resigned the position of Secretary of the Midland Chemists Committee and has been succeeded in that office by Dr. R. Gaddie. Bristol and South-Western Counties.-A meeting of the Section jointly with the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry was held on 23 October in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University of Bristol. Dr. T. Malkin presided and a very interesting lecture on “Physico-Chemical Methods-with special reference to Spectroscopy and Polarography” was given by Mr. A. S. Nickelson. Mr. Nickelson outlined the basic principles of polarography and spectroscopy and [ 243 I gave a very lucid description of recent developments particularly with the cathode ray oscillograph and the direct reading spectrograph.After a discussion a vote of thanks was proposed by Mr. W.J. Carter. Cardiff and District.-On 1 October by kind permission of the Directors a party of members of the Institute and the Society of Chemical Industry visited the Margam Carbide Factory of British Industrial Solvents Ltd. where they were received by the Manager Mr. Newport. and enjoyed a most instructive tour under the guidance of Mr. Phillips and staff. The party was entertained to tea at the works and keen apprecia- tion of the visit was expressed to Mr. Newport Mr. Phillips and his staff by Dr.J. Grant seconded by Dr. D. P. Evans. A meeting of the Section was held jointly with the Society of Chemical Industry in the Physics Theatre University College Cathays Park Cardiff on 31 October when Dr. W. H. J. Vernon O.B.E. of the Chemical Research Laboratory D.S.I.R. Teddington delivered a lecture on “Recent Progress in Research on Corrosion and Microbiological Corrosion.” Mr. H. F. Adams was in the Chair and after a very lively discussion a vote of thanks was carried on the motion cf Mr. Chard seconded by Mr. Minton. East Anglia.-A joint meeting of the Section with the Food Group of the Society of Chemical Industry was held in the City College Norwich on 24 October and was followed by a visit to Lowestoft to inspect fishery interests on the following day.Dr. E. B. Hughes Chairman of the Food Group presided at Norwich when the lecturers were Mr. A. E. Mallet Secretary of the English Herring Catchers Association and Mr. G. T. Atkinson late District Fishery Officer Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Mr. Mallet dealt with “The Catching of Herrings” and discussed the historical aspects and the importance of the herring industry as well as the methods of catching. Mr. Atkinson dealt with “Curing Methods Applied to the Herring” and described the processes used for the production of bloaters red herrings kippers and other forms of cured herrings. General disapproval was expressed of the modern practice of kippering which involves artificial colouring with a reduced smoking time and consequent poorer keeping qualities.On the motion of Messrs. R. F. Innes and W. Lincolne Sutton a vote of thanks was accorded the lecturers. On the morning of 25 October the party inspected the Lowestoft Fishing U’harves where herrings and other fish were being landed and later saw various processes including freezing and kippering in operation. After lunch an instructive conversazione was held in the Fishery Laboratories when an account of the work carried out by the Department was given by Dr. Hodgson and his staff. Of particular interest were the methods used for the accurate forecasting of fishing prospects a year ahead. A vote of thanks to all concerned was proposed by Dr. J. W. Corran the Chairman of the Section who had also been responsible for the arrangements for the meeting.The hope was expressed that the survey of the Herring Industry begun at this meeting would be completed at a later date with contributions from chemists and bacteriologists. East Midlands.-The Committee has been altered and Dr. H. H. Barber is now the Section Chairman. Other representatives on the Committee are Messrs. C. F. Ward G. F. Hall and E. M. Bavin Nottingham; F. C. Bullock and L. P. Priestley Leicester; R. Davidson W. Hunter and C. W. North Derby; Dr. G. M. Dyson Loughborough; Mr. S. W. Atherley and Professor L. Hunter co-opted. Hon. Auditor Mr. S. W. Atherley ; Honorary Secretary Dr. C. Whitworth. The first meeting of the session was held at the St. James’s Restaurant Derby on 26 September when Dr. H. H. Hodgson delivered a lecture on Diazo Compounds.The room was packed to capacity and members were rewarded by hearing a most interesting lecture entertainingly given (for summary see p. 247). On 23 October the lecturer was Mr. Osman Jones and his subject “The Preservation of Meat by Curing Canning and Cold Storage. This meeting was held at the College of Technology Leicester. Although the attendance was not as good as might have been expected those who were present were privileged to hear a most interesting lecture. Glasgow and West of Scotland.-A joint meeting with the Ardeer Chemical Club (I.C.I. Explosives Division Stevenston) was held at Ardeer on 15 October. The Chairman Dr. James Taylor M.B.E. in introducing the speaker reminded the audience of the very valuable work which Sir Wallace A.Akers had carried out when in charge of the British side of atomic research during the war. Sir Wallace,;then delivered his address on “The Generation of Useful Power from Atomic Energy. (For summary see p. 248.) An interesting discussion followed and a vote of thanks was very eloquently proposed by Mr. A. R. Jamieson Chairman of the Glasgow Section. On 24 October a joint meeting under the auspices of the Section was held in the Royal Technical College Glasgow. In the unavoidable absence of the Section Chair- man the chair was taken by Professor J. W. Cook F.R.S. who introduced the speaker [ 244 1 Dr. B. C. Saunders of Cambridge University. Dr. Saunders gave a fascinating account of recent work on “Some Aspects of the Organic Chemistry of Fluorine.” A discussion followed in which Professor Cook Dr.J. McLean Messrs. J. M.Leitch and J. Duff amongst others took part. The vote of thanks was proposed by Dr. James C. Eaton and was carried enthusiastically. Huddersfield.-At a Special General Meeting held on 30 September in Fields Cafe Huddersfield under the Chairmanship of Mr. T. A. Simmons the amended Rules of the Section were unanimously approved on the motion of Dr. A. E. Everest seconded by Mr. A. S. White. Following the Special Meeting Professor E. L. Hirst F.R.S. gave a lecture entitled “Problems in the Chemistry of Starch and Glycogen,” in the course of which he dealt with recent work on starches and glycogen and indicated how the results were being applied industrially particularly in the textile industry.A discussion followed in which a number of members took part. At a meeting on 28 October in Fields Cafe attended by some fifty members and friends with Mr. T. A. Simmons in the Chair Dr. E. Holmes of Plant Protection Ltd. gave a lecture entitled “Plant Hormones with Special Reference to Selective Weed Killers” (for summary see p. 249). This most interesting lecture was illustrated by lantern slides and a film showing the mode of application of the hormone weed killers and the results obtained. It was followed by an excellent discussion. Hull and District.-The first meeting of the Session on 10November took the form of a joint meeting with the Chemical Society and the University College Scientific Society. Professor Brynmor Jones presided and welcomed Professor D.H. Hey who delivered a lecture entitled “Addition Polymerisation.” Professor Jones Dr. Pedelty and Messrs. Schollick Lammiman Weinberger Farmer Smith and Balmforth contributed to the discussion which followed. Thanks were expressed to the lecturer by Dr. Orr Mr. Pattison and Dr. Pedelty on behalf of their respective Societies. Mr. P. H. Cutting has accepted nomination as Section representative on the Yorkshire Council for Further Education in place of Mr. N. L. Holmes who has resigned owing to pressure of business. The Section Committee are very grateful to Mr. Holmes for representing the Section on the Yorkshire Council. Mr. T. E. H. O’Brien has resigned from the position of Section Auditor on leaving the district.Mr. L. Balmforth has been elected Chairman of the Section for the Session 1947-48. Mr. D. J. T. Bagnall the retiring Chairman becomes Vice-chairman. Leeds Area.-A joint meeting of the Section with the University Chemical Society was held at the University of Leeds on 28 October Mr. G. J. Denbigh Chairman of the Section presiding. A lecture on “The English Oilfields” was given by Mr. C. M. Adcock. The large audience was very interested in the facts revealed about oil produc- tion in this country and many points of interest were raised in the subsequent discussion (for summary see p. 249). Before the lecture under the Chairmanship of Mr. J. H. Baxendale President of the University Chemical Society the films “The English Oilfields” and “The A.B.C.of Oil” were shown by courtesy of the D’Arcy Exploration Co. Ltd. London and South-Eastern Counties.-A joint meeting with the North London Branch of the Institute of Welding was held on 17 September 1947 at Manson House 26 Portland Place W.l. The President of the North London Branch of the Institute of Welding Mr. S. P. Bennett expressed his pleasure at this the first joint meeting with the Royal Institute of Chemistry and handed over the charge of the meeting to Mr. L. C. Percival Chairman of the North London Branch of the Institute of Welding. Seventy-seven members and friends were present. Mr. W. K. B. Marshall read a paper on “Recent Advances in the Welding of Plant for the Chemical Industry.” Nine members of the audience took part in the discussion and Dr.J. G. A. Griffiths Chairman of the London Section of the Institute proposed and Dr. E. Sharratt Hon. Secretary of the North London Branch of the Institute of Welding seconded a vote of thanks to the speaker. A joint meeting with the Bristol and South-Western Counties Section was held at University College Southampton on 4 October 1947 61 members and visitors being present. Dr. J. G. A. Griffiths Chairman of the London and South-Eastern Counties Section took the Chair and was supported by Dr. T. Malkin Chairman of the Bristol Section. There was a lively discussion concerning the organisation of local chemists to which some sixteen members contributed and on the motion of Mr. Carlos seconded by Dr. Lyons it was decided to form a local committee consisting of two representatives from Portsmouth two from Southampton two from Bournemouth and Poole and one from Porton to investigate the formation of a Local Section of the Institute.The following were elected:-Dr C. G. Lyons. Mr. A. L Williams Mr. R W. Watridge E 245 a Mr. A. R. Burkin Mr. G. H. Osborne and Dr. T. C. J. Overston with one member from Porton to be co-opted. A very cordial vote of thanks to all those who had made the meeting such a success especially Mr. Watridge Dr. Chapman the catering manageress of the Senior Common Room and the College Authorities was proposed by the Hon. Secretary and seconded by Dr. Herd. Owing to the shortness of the time available only one film-”Damage Control Part I”-was exhibited. An ordinary meeting was held at the County Technical College Essex Road Dartford on 14 October 1947 62 members and \-isitors being present.Dr. J. G. A. Griffiths took the Chair and opened a discussion on the organisation of local chemists with particular reference to the County of Kent. Twelve members of the audience joined in the discussion and at the close Mr. H. E. Monk moved and Dr. Newman seconded a resolution that “a Committee be formed to further local activity in Kent,” which was carried unanimously. It was agreed to elect three representatives from the Dartford area to join with representatives from other areas to form a Kent Sub-committee with power to co-opt. The following were elected:-Messrs. J. R. Barr T. Dewing and -Hart. Dr. H. Baines District Member of Council then gave an address on “The Chemist in the Photographic Industry.” A hearty vote of thanks was proposed to Dr.Baines by Mr. Monk and seconded by Dr. Foster. A vote of thanks to Dr. Gyngell and Mr. Ban- was proposed by the Hon. Secretary and responded to by Mr. Barr. An ordinary meeting was held on 15 October 1947 at Holborn Town Hall London W.C.l 48 members and visitors being present. Dr. J. G. A. Griffiths Chairman was in the Chair and Mr. L. N. Coombs delivered an address on “Personnel Selection.” Ten members of the audience took part in the subsequent discussion and Mr. L. M. Miall proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the lecturer which was carried with acclama- tion. The Chairman proposed a cordial vote of thanks to the Mayor of Holborn for allowing the meeting to be held at the Town Hall.A joint meeting with the Luton Scientific Association was held on 20 October 1947 in the Lecture Hall Public Library Luton 68 members and visitors being present. Mr. V. W. Slater Vice-chairman of the Luton Scientific Association took the chair and welcomed the members of the Institute. The following films were then shown “Water” and “The Water Cycle.” Following the exhibition of the films Dr. J. G. A. Griffiths acted as Question Master for a Brains Trust organised by Mr. S. Stevens and consisting otherwise of Messrs. Edwards Emerson Jeffcoate Mclachlan and Mills. A vote of thanks was subsequently proposed to the London and South-Eastern Counties Section of the Institute and to the members of the Brains Trust by Mr.Wood. An ordinary meeting was held on 23 October 1947 at the Medway Technical College Gillingham 81 members and visitors being present. Dr. Stonehill welcomed the members of the Section and after apologising for the absence of the Principal handed over the meeting to Dr. J. G. A. Griffiths who took the Chair and opened a discussion on the organisation of local chemists with particular reference to the county of Kent. Ten members of the audience joined in the discussion at the conclusion of *which Dr. Stonehill Mr. Wiseman and Mr. Blackstone were elected to serve on a com-mittee representing the Kent area under the auspices of the parent committee of the Section. During the meeting tea was served and the following films were exhibited after an introduction by Mr.D. M. Freeland “Valley of Tennessee” and “Damage Control Part I.” A vote of thanks to the Chairman Hon. Secretary and members of the parent Committee was proposed by Dr. Stonehill and acknowledged by Dr. Herd who proposed a vote of thanks to the Principal Dr. Stonehill and the ladies who had served tea. Dr. Stonehill proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Monk for organising the meeting. Manchester and District.-The opening meeting of the 1947-8 session was held on 25 September when Mr. A. L. Bacharach Vice-President gave a specially interesting lecture on “The Production and Uses of Laboratory Animals.” The lecture illustrated by numerous slides included examples of biological assay of the vitamins methods of statistical interpretation and the general organisation of a biochemical laboratory.A detailed account was presented of breeding methods designed to produce comparable results. The audience included a number of distinguished visitors from the Medical School of the University and on their behalf Professor Macdonald expressed appreciation to the lecturer. A number of newly-elected Associates were entertained by committee members at an informal meeting on 6 October. The publication of the Calendar of the Manchester Federation of Scientific Societies has given details of the activities of the 27 constituent societies including the Institute. One of the founder members Mr. J. T. Marsh, Fellow continues as Chairman of the Federation. 6 246 3 Newcastle upon Tyne and North-East Coast.-A most informative and enjoyable lecture was delivered to the Section on 22 October in the Chemistry Department King’s College by Professor G.R. Clemo F.R.S.,on “The Organic Chemist and some Isotopes.” The work that has been done was described and the great potentialities of this field- if the material and apparatus are made available-were indicated. Dr. W. S. Patterson was in the Chair and a vote of thanks proposed by Dr. P. L. Robinson was carried in a hearty manner. Sheffield South Yorkshire and North Midlands.-A meeting of the Section was held jointly with the Sheffield Metallurgical Association in the latter’s premises on 24 October when a lecture on “Chemical Metallurgy” was given by Dr. H. J. T. Ellingham. The lecturer showed how he had correlated data on the standard free energy of formation of a wide range of oxides and sulphides in such a manner as to explain and predict the probable behaviour at any temperature of many chemical and electrolytic reducing processes.The meeting which was well attended was keenly appreciative of the importance of the work and engaged in a discussion in which Dr. Ellingham established himself in the minds of those present as a metallurgist of some eminence. A vote of thanks was moved by Mr. E. J. Vaughan seconded and carried with acclamation. South Wales.-The opening meeting of the session was held on 24 October in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University College Swansea when an audience of over 90 gathered to hear a very enjoyable lecture by Mr.A. L. Bacharach Vice-President on “Penicillin its Preparation and Properties.” Professor J. E. Coates O.B.E. presided, and Dr. J. Pearson proposed and Dr. I. Jones seconded the vote of thanks to Mr. Bacharach. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL COUNCIL Abstract of the Minutes of the Meeting held on 30 September 1947. 1. The Council were informed that much progress had been made in overcoming the difficulties in the supply of laboratory chemicals but that the question of the supply of laboratory apparatus was still under review. 2. The Executive Committee of the British Association of Chemists has accepted the Council’s offer to renew for a further period of one year to 30 June 1948 the arrangements whereby members of the British Association of Chemists may use the Library of the Chemical Society.3. An appreciation of the part played by the Council in connection with the introduction of the Joint Pension and Life Assurance Scheme for the members of the staffs of the Constituent Bodies and other kindred organisations was received from the Royal Institute of Chemistry. 4. Certain changes in price of publications for 1948 proposed by the Chemical Society and Society of Chemical Industry were approved for application under the Joint Subscription Scheme. 5. The thanks of the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry had 6. The Eleventh Report of the Council was considered and the draft accounts for 7. Leave of absence was granted to Professor Alexander Findlay in view of his been accorded to the Council for an additional grant towards the cost of publications.the year ended 31 December 1946 were adopted. impending journey to India and it was agreed that the appointment of a Deputy to act as Honorary Treasurer in his absence should be considered at the next meeting. 8. It was reported that the Council was represented at the International Conference on Documentation at Berne on 25 August 1947 by Miss M. Gosset Librarian of the Atomic Energy Establishment at Harwell. 9. Joint Student Facilities under the Joint Subscription Scheme were granted to five applicants. SUMMARIES OF LECTURES DIAZO-COMPOUNDS AND THE FREE RADICAL HYPOTHESIS BY HERBERTH. HODGSON, M.A. BSc. Ph.D. F.R.I.C. [East Midlands Section 26 September 1947.1 New methods of diazotisation have been forthcoming ever since the discovery of the diazo-compounds by Peter Griess in 1858 for each amine has its own individuality.Of the numerous methods extant that involving the addition of a glacial acetic acid c 247 1 solution of the amine to a solution of sodium nitrite in concentrated sulphuric acid appears to be the most versatile; by this method diamines may be tetrazotised. The method has been made still more useful by the precipitation of the solid diazonium sulphate from the diazotisation medium following addition of ether. Diazo-oxides whose formation was a stumbling block to the diazotisation of nitro- amines prior to the discovery of the above method were thought by Morgan to have an -N =N -0-chain structure whereas recent chemical and spectroscopic work has shown them to possess ionic quinonoid resonance structures i.e.The Sandmeyer reaction the interpretation of which remained obscure until 1940n has been shown to possess a mechanism involving a complex copper-halogeno-anion. Hantzsch’s geometrical hypothesis for the structure of the diazo-hydroxides. -sulphonates and -cyanides cannot explain the chemistry of the subject and recent conclusions from infra-red spectra and other physical properties which are claimed to reinstate the geometrical isomerism of Hantzsch are based on wrong analogies and inadequate checks. The structural viewpoint has not been disturbed by the above work while the evidence for the existence of cis-azobenzene is far from being unequivocal.The free radical hypothesis which has been proposed to explain the decompositions of diazo-compounds in aqueous solution such as the Gomberg reaction and was originally based on the invariability of ortho-para substitution in this and similar reactions is quite unnecessary since such reactions are readily explained on the older electronic theory. One of the inherent fallacies of the free radical hypothesis is the postulation of the simultaneous splitting of two bonds of greatly unequal strength in the diazo-compounds R N = N OH X when on the older electronic theory of diazo-decompositions only one bond required to be ruptured. THE GENERATION OF USEFUL POWER FROM ATOMIC ENERGY BY SIRWALLACEA. AKERS C.B.E. [Glasgow and West of Scotland Section 15 October 1947.1 The underlying principles of atomic fission can be applied to the development of atomic energy for destructive purposes and for useful energy.Only one isotope of uranium (235) is capable of nuclear fission and early investigation suggested that for use in a bomb it would be essential to separate this isotope from normal uranium in which it exists to the extent of less than one per cent. The necessary processes are difficult and tedious involving several thousand stages. The problem was simplified by the discovery that the common uranium 238 was converted by neutron bombard- ment into uranium 239 an unstable element which changed radioactively into a new element plutonium 239 which as had been prophesied was capable of nuclear fission.This element being chemically different from uranium is more easily separated from it than the isotope uranium 235. In the formation of plutonium a large amount of heat is generated and it was with the primary object of producing plutonium that the experiments were carried out which form the basis of the projected methods for the generation of useful energy. In the construction of atomic piles there are numerous physical chemical and engineering difficulties to be overcome. For example boron being a strong neutron absorber has to be rigorously excluded from all materials of construction. It can be stated that using the principles so far discovered uranium piles will only be practicable for the generation of power on a very large scale and the possibility of small “portable” atomic piles is very remote both on theoretical and practical grounds.As to the availability of raw materials it appears that ample supplies of uranium and thorium exist. Many common rocks (e.g. granite) contain a higher concentration of potentially fissile materials than the concentration of gold in some gold bearing strata which are profitably worked although the extraction is more difficult. Thorium as a raw material shows great possibilities. [ 248 3 PLANT HORMONES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SELECTIVE WEEDKILLERS BY E. HOLMES, Ph.D. F.R.I.C. [Huddersfield Section 25 October 19471 Natural plant hormones or auxins more accurately called plant growth regulators were first isolated in the early 30’s following fifty years of observation of plant responses to light.Subsequently a number of simpler synthetic organic chemicals have been found with similar properties and a-naphthylacetic acid and its derivatives are now used to promote root development of cuttings to prevent pre-harvest drop of apples and pears and to stop premature sprouting of ware potatoes. Similarly j3-naphthoxy- acetic acid is used to induce parthenocarpic production of certain fruits which may be seedless. These compounds are active at concentrations of the order of 5 to 50 p.p.m. in water. In 1940 Templeman working at the Jealott’s Hill Agricultural Research Station observed differential effects of a-naphthylacetic acid on different plant species and collaboration with Sexton of I.C.I.Dyestuffs Division resulted in the development of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (‘‘Methoxone”) and 2-4-di cholorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4.D.) as selective weedkillers. Subsequently and independently both Rotham- sted and American workers made similar observations on the latter. Dusts and liquids containing these active materials have been formulated for use through farm machines to eliminate competition due to such serious weeds as the charlocks poppies and thistles in cereal crops buttercups in pastures and by gardeners and sports clubs to kill plantains dandelions and docks in cultivated turf. The rates of application correspond to only a pound or so of active agent per acre. The new weedkillers do not kill all weeds but they are effective against a wide range of the worst weeds without damaging cereals and grasses.The benefits include greater crop yields which may be worth several times the cost of the treatment easier handling of cleaner crops and removal of alternative hosts for other crop pests. These chemicals must not be allowed to fall on beans cabbages and brassicas generally. THE ENGLISH OILFIELDS By C. M. ADCOCK, M.A. [Leeds Area Section 28 October 1947.1 Indications of oil in England date back into antiquity but the first concerted drilling campaign sponsored by the Government took place after the 1914-18 war. Of the eleven wells drilled only Hardstoft No. 1 in Derbyshire struck oil in any quantity and it has so far produced some 4,000 tons of good quality oil.After this effort there was no active exploration until the passing of the Petroleum Act in 1934 which vested in the Crown the ownership of all undiscovered mineral oil making it possible for companies to take out exploration licences and to carry out prospecting under attractive operating conditions. In the subsequent search for oil the D’Arcy Exploration Company has maintained its lead over other oil companies in the area over which it has prospected in the number of wells drilled and in having achieved the only major success of the campaign-the discovery of the Nottinghamshire oilfields. The wells drilled at the end of the 1914-18 war were mainly on the flanks of the Pennines the objective being the Carboniferous Limestone. After the passing of the 1934 Petroleum Act exploration was extended to a number of Cretaceous and Jurassic structures in the South of England Carboniferous structures in the East Midlands Permian structures in North-East Yorkshire and Carboniferous structures in the Midland Valley of Scotland.Drilling first started in 1936 at Portsdown near Portsmouth and then other anticlines in the south were tested without finding commercial oil. However in 1938 gas consisting largely of methane was found in the Carboniferous at Cousland south of Edinburgh and also in the Permian at Eskdale near Whitby. Here also beds of potash were found the first discovery of potash in quantity in England. The Millstone Grit structures where most of the oil is found are masked by younger horizontal beds and in the detection of these anticlines seismic surveys are of great assistance.The Nottinghamshire oilfields were located in this way the first well at Eakring being drilled in June 1939. Duke’s Wood to the south of Eakring and con- tinuous with it was discovered in 1941. Kelham Hills was also found in 1941 and Caunton in 1943. Another discovery of oil of less importance was at Formby in Lan- cashire in 1939 in wells drilled about 100 ft. deep. It is generally considered that the oil is migrating from some primary reservoir but efforts to find it have so far not been successful. t 2491 Mud flush is normally used in modern rotary drilling which is conditioned by bentonite so as to keep the walls of the well from caving and to provide sufficient viscosity to lift the cuttings to surface.The time taken to drill a 2,000 ft. well at the beginning of the war was some five weeks which was reduced to three weeks by 1942 another two weeks being required to move the drilling outfit to the next location. But the need for oil was urgent and four of the latest unitised drilling outfits which had been ordered from the U.S.A. arrived in the Spring of 1943 complete with their American crews and specialised transport reducing the time to drill a production well to five days and the time to move an outfit to a new site to less than 24 hours. At the surface the oil is pumped to the collecting station where it is separated from reservoir water and thence to the main storage at the railway siding where it is loaded into railway tank cars for transport to the refinery.Trouble is sometimes caused in wells by the deposition of paraffin wax in the tubing; this is removed by electrical heating using a motor generator developing a direct current of 600-800 amp at 50 volts. Since 1936 the drilling of nearly one million feet has been accomplished totalling over 400 wells. This includes some 300 production wells of which 240 are still producing. The peak production of some 325 tons of oil per day was reached in September 1943 and the total native production of crude oil is now over half-a-million tons. Some 300 million cubic feet of natural gas have been produced at Eakring and over 200,000 gallons of natural gasoline have been recovered since the installation of the charcoal adsorption plant in March 1943.NOTES PERSONAL Sir Robert Robinson P.R.S. Fellow has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for 1947 “for his researches on important substances in plant biology especially alkaloids.” Sir William Griffiths Fellow Chairman and Managing Director of the Mond Nickel Co. Ltd. has been appointed by the Lord President of the Council to be a Member of the Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Dr. P. C. C. Isherwood O.B.E.. Fellow has been elected President of the Association of British Chemical Manufacturers and Sir Harry Jephcott Fellow Chairman of the Council of the Association. Mr. George Brearley Fellow has been appointed Managing Director of Brotherton & Co. Ltd. Mr. A. T. Green O.B.E.Member of Council Director of Research of the British Refractories Research Association and the British Pottery Research Association has been appointed to succeed the late Dr. J. W. Mellor as Hon. General Secretary of the British Ceramic Society. Dr. D. T. A. Townend Fellow has been designated Director-General of the British Coal Utilisation Research Association. Dr. W. S. Patterson Fellow Head of the Chemistry Department Sunderland Technical College has been appointed Senior Lecturer in Fuel Technology in the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Durham and takes up his new duties at the beginning of next term. Dr. W. T. H. Williamson Fellow Director of the British Council’s Agricultural Department since its foundation in 1945 has been appointed Lecturer in charge of the newly created Department of Soil Science in the University of Aberdeen.Mr. S. B. Watkins Fellow formerly in charge of the Chemical Engineering Depart- ment of the School of Mines and Technology Treforest has assumed direction of the recently re-opened Post-Graduate Course in Chemical Engineering at King’s College London. Dr. C. J. 0. R. Morris Fellow has been appointed to the University Readership in Chemical Pathology tenable at London Iiospital Medical College. Mr. J. S. Jackson Fellow who was a Member of the Council of the Institute of Petroleum from 1930 and Vice-president from 1944 has retired from the petroleum industry. [ 2501 THE ANALYTICAL CHEMIST AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY SERVICE The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health accompanied by Dr.Charles Professor G. S. Wilson and Mr. Beek received a deputation representing the Royal Institute of Chemistry and the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists (Professor A. Findlay Dr. H. E. Cox Mr. W. Gordon Carey Dr. H. J. T. Ellingham) ton 8 August 1947 to discuss the place of the analytical chemist in relation to the Public Health Bacteriological Service. Professor Findlay after apologising for the absence of the President of the Royal Institute of Chemistry opened by reading out a prepared memorandum. It was one of the duties of the Royal Institute of Chemistry to advise Government Departments and Public Bodies on matters within its special competence and experience and the safeguarding of supplies of drinking water was one of these.For half a century men trained primarily as chemists had conducted bacteriological as well as chemical examinations of water and now the Ministry ignored their experience and advice. He stressed the three main points of his memorandum of 28 June 1945:-(i) The predominant part chemists had played in initiating and developing methods for safeguarding water supplies; (ii) The importance of not separating the bacteriological from the chemical examination of water. (This separation occurred now since the Emergency Public Health Laboratories by offering free bacteriological examination of water led Local Authorities to send samples to them instead of to analytical chemists who had previously examined them) ; (iii) The loss to the Public Health Service of the skill and experience of the chemist in the examination of water.He therefore asked the Minister to re-consider this aspect of Public Health policy. Dr. Cox supported this. He quoted specific instances where (he claimed) exami- nations of milk and water samples had been inadequately made by the Public Health Laboratory Service. He held that any directive to Local Authorities should indicate that where satisfactory arrangements for examination by analysts existed at present they should not be interfered with. Mr. Carey agreed. He said that chemists who also conducted bacteriological examinations obtained a complete picture of the water in all its aspects purification filtration sterilisation and so on.They visited the source of supply took samples and in general covered a wider field than those who were primarily bacteriologists. In any case the so-called bacteriological tests of water were different in technique from the examination of say diphtheria swabs; they were more akin to chemical tests. Mr. Edwards then asked the chemists to establish certain facts:- (i) What proportion of the examinations of water at the consumer end was done by analysts ? (ii) What qualifications should those conducting bacteriological examinations of water have ? On the first point Professor Findlay said it was easier to estimate the proportion before the War than now. Discussion showed disagreement between the chemists and Professor Wilson on the proportion of water examinations conducted by analysts before the War.On the subject of qualifications Dr. Cox said that an analyst was normally a Fellow of the Royal Institute of Chemistry with a certificate in Branch E. He would have taken a four years’ university course or equivalent for his Associateship of the Royal Institute of Chemistry following this with three years’ experience in a Public Analyst’s laboratory and a searching examination in the chemistry and microscopy of food water etc. The analyst’s competence was guaranteed by the Royal Institute of Chemistry. Professor Wilson said that a whole-time non-medical bacteriologist normally held a BSc. degree of Edinburgh or Bristol in bacteriology while the medical bacteriologist in addition to his medical qualification held the Diploma in Bacteriology of London or Manchester University.Professor Findlay pointed out however that the anaIyst did not compete with the whole-time bacteriologist over the whole field of bacteriology but only in the limited sphere of water examination. Professor Wilson describing the origin of the Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service claimed that many Counties and County Boroughs had established their own laboratories during the last 40 years and that in these laboratories bacteriological examination of water had been in the hands of a bacteriologist. The Emergency Public Health Laboratories were merely supplementing and extending a practice already in common use by Local Authorities. There was no intention of diverting work from analysts [ 261 1 The chemists argued that though there might be no intention to divert the free service offered by the Emergency Public Health Laboratories had in fact resulted in such a diversion and they pressed for a restoration to analysts of the work they had lost.Mr. Edwards said that though it was not the Minister’s policy for the work to be diverted if a Medical Officer of Health chose to send his work to a Public Health Laboratory the Minister would not discourage this. The Minister accepted the views of his Medical Research Council advisers i.e. ti) Materials requiring bacteriological examination for Public Health purposes should be dealt with by fully-trained medical bacteriologists; (ii) Bacteriological examinations of water samples should be undertaken by the same persons as are responsible for the many other bacteriological investiga- tions required in the control of epidemic diseases.The chemists had stressed the importance of keeping the connection between the chemical and bacteriological examinations of water but it was even more important to retain the connection between bacteriological examinations of water and the other bacteriological investigations necessary for the control of epidemic diseases; co-operation between the chemical analyst and the bacteriological examiner of water should be no more difficult to secure than the co-operation (which the chemists desired) between an analyst doing bacteriological examinations of water and the bacteriological investigation of other specimens.It was about the orientation of the Service rather than the qualifications and efficiency of those who carried out the examinations that the Minister’s view differed from the chemists’. The deputation considered that the position had been stated more clearly than heretofore but they still pressed for consideration of their suggestions and for a fuller working out in consultation with the Bodies they represented of the principles of co-operation between analysts and the Public Health Laboratory Service. Mr. Edwards made it clear that the Minister’s general policy could not be changed but promised that points of detail would be considered. FEDERAT10N OF B RlTlSH IN DUSTRl ES-S CIENTIFIC AN D TECHNICAL RESEARCH IN BRITISH INDUSTRIES The lndustrial Research Secretariat of the Federation of British Industries has recently completed a statistical survey of Scientific and Technical Research in British Industry.Copies of the pamphlet embodying the results of the survey may be obtained from the office of the F.B.I. 21 Tothill Street London S.W.1 price 1s. The F.B.I. Industrial Research Committee was appointed in 1944 under the Chairmanship of Sir W’illiam J. Larke K.B.E. “To stimulate national interest in research for industry and foster it in all appropriate ways.” Following are some conclusions drawn from the survey which was based on returns from 420 firms (each spending not less than Ll,OOO a year on research) covering it is estimated some 75 per cent.of British Industry’s total research effort. British industry is now spending about ~30,000,000a year on industrial scientific research. This research is carried out by a staff of some 45,000 of whom about 10,000 are qualified scientists and engineers. More than half the 420 firms are in direct contact with universities and technical colleges and 60 have end owed research scholarships or fellowships. Three firms out of every five doing research plan to expand their scientific facilities for which they require new laboratory buildings of more than 3,000,000 sq. ft. of floor space and additional qualified staff of the order of 2,500. The chief demand is for (a) chemists (b) engineers and (c) physicists. The greatest propcrtional increase in demand over present qualified staff is for (a) biologists and (b) physicists.Delay in delivery of scientific and testing instruments and equipment is impeding research progress. Most of the results of fundamental and basic industrial research carried out in industry are the subject of publication in the scientific and professional press. The following comments on the survey are made by the F.B.I. Industrial Research Committee. Qualified Stafl. During the period January 1946 to December 1947 British industry planned to increase its research staff by 25 per cent This however has been largely frustrated awing to the prevailing shortage of scientific manpower the effect of which has been intensified by the calling up to the services of substantial numbers of scientists and engineers graduating from the universities.I 252 1 Research Expe.Pzdituve. The more than ten-fold increase in the expenditure by industry on research during the last fifteen years shows how dependent industrial progress has become on scientific work and its application and demonstrates the necessity under the present more difficult conditions for the rapid expansion of scientific facilities within industry in the interest of increasing industrial production and export trade. It is encouraging that three firms out of every five doing research plan an expansion of their research activities. For comparison purposes present annual Government expenditure on or in aid of industrial research is &4,500,000,making a total expenditure for industrial research of &35,000,000.Government expenditure on defence research is L60,000,000. Laboratory Buildings. Recent evidence shows that building licences for about half the number of new laboratory expansions planned have been granted but shortage of materials and manpower are delaying completion. Although the Committee recognise that serious capital cuts are necessary the total cost and effort involved in the construction of the new research laboratories planned represent only a very small fraction of the total building programme. These laboratories are essential for the future industrial and economic life of the country and the return to the nation should be out of all proportion to the building effort involved. The Committee urge therefore that research laboratory schemes which would strengthen the country’s economic position should be given high priority.Research and the Countvy’s Economic Position. The value of industrial research as an instrument and technique to help us to overcome our present economic difficulties is emphasised by the fact that the major part of indus- trial research at present being carIied out in this country is directly related to manu- facturing pf ocess and production p1 oblems and so is steadily promoting industrial efficiency and competitive power. The importance of each firm of any size possessing a scientific staff commensurate with its technical needs must again be stressed; no firm is too small to have at least one individual charged with the responsibility of keeping constantly under review the application of scientific work to its activities.The immediate application to industry of knowledge already available is of first importance. The present economic crisis must mean changes in industrial production and practice as a result of modified export needs to suit new markets cuts in volume of imported raw materials and changes in their character where home-produced raw materials can be substituted for those previously imported. All these will call for greatly increased efforts from industry’s research staffs if as we must we are to maintain and improve the quality and volume of our products under these severely limiting conditions. MISCELLANEOUS Chemical Society.-Mr. J. R. Ruck Keene M.B.E.B.A. has been appointed General Secretary of the Chemical Society in succession to Wing-Commander L. R. Batten O.B.E. LL.B. B.Sc. Barrister-at-Law who has resigned to take up a business appoint- ment. Mr. Ruck Keene took up his duties on 1 November 1947. “British Science News.”-The Science Department of the British Council has started a new illustrated publication under the above title price 6d. The first number of this periodical which replaces “Monthly Science News,” contained a number of interesting articles in connection with the Centenary of the Chemical Society. British Management Council.-At the last meeting of the British Management Council on 22 September the necessary steps were taken to wind up the work of the Council as at 30 September and to transfer its representative and co-ordinative func- tions at both national and international levels to the newly-established British Institute of Management.British Standards Institution.-B.S. 1313:1947-Fraction-Defective Charts for Quality Control-has been prepared by the Committee on Statistical Methods and issued recently. Copies may be obtained from the offices of the Institution 28 Victoria Street London S.W.l price 6s. net. post free. Food Parcels from New Zealand and Canada.-The Council acknowledges with gratitude generous offers by the New Zealand Section of the Institute and by the Toronto Branch of the Chemical Institute of Canada to send food parcels during the coming winter for the benefit of members and their dependents who may be in special need of such help.As there appeared to be no practicable means of assessing the [ 253 1 relative needs of members in general it was decided to suggest to our overseas’ colleagues that they might like to send such parcels to those who are in receipt of regular grants from the Benevolent Fund. This proposal has been welcomed by the donors and food parcels which have already arrived have been greatly appreciated by the recipients. College of Technology Benares Hindu University-The College of Technology of the Benares Hindu University is celebrating its Silver Jubilee on 12 December] 1947. TheHonourable Shri B. G. Kher Premier of the Government of Bombay will inaugurate the ceremonies. The Department of Industrial Chemistry was opened in 1921 and became the College of Technology in December 1939.It was the first institution in India to provide a specialised course in industrial chemistry at the post-intermediate stage and has provided Indian industry with large numbers of trained technologists. Depart-ments of Pottery Porcelain and Metal Enamelling Glass Technology and Pharmaceutics have been established and extensions are under consideration. The late Pundit 31. M. Malaviya (former Rector of the University) and Sir S. Radhakrishnan (Vice-chancellor) have supported an appeal by the Principal of the College (Dr. N. N. Godbole) for funds to establish a comprehensive library of technology to commemorate the Silver Jubilee. Reports on Japanese Industry-Industrial Statistics.-A number of reports on technical intelligence from Japan containing information on processes etc.developed during the war years are being published in the B.I.O.S. series and given appropriate free distribution. Certain Japanese post-war industrial statistics are now becoming available from American sources and extracts are being published monthly under the following five headings :-Forestry and Mining Activities Heavy Industries Manufacturing Industries Textile Industries Imports and Exports. These reports may be purchased from H.M. Stationery Office. German Scientific and Technical Papers.-Arrangements have been completed for a photostat service to provide workers in Great Britain with the full text of papers appear- ing in current German scientific journals.A very full list of such journals is being sent regularly to the Bureau of Abstracts and other British abstracting bodies. Any British scientist who desires to consult the full text of a German article referred to in a British Abstraat publication should address his request to Research Branch ECOSC (Photostat Service) 77 H.Q.C.C.G. (B.E.) AVA-Gottingen B.A.O.R. Photostats are made in Germany and payment is made in sterling to the Director of Accounts Photo- stat Service Foreign Office (German Section) Norfolk House St. James’s Square London S.W.l. The charge is A1 1s. for ten pages 2s. 6d. per page thereafter. EWG~UWZ.-JOURNALPROCEEDINGS, AND 1947 V 201. In line 16 of paragraph 1 of the Lecture Summary “azo dyes” should read “azomethine dqes.” BOOKS AND THEIR CONTENTS Chemical Principles A Rational Approach to.J. A. Cranston. Pp. xii + 212. (London and Glasgow Blackie 62 Son Ltd. 1947.) 8s. 6d. net. Part I-The structure of matter the structure of the atom; the arrangement of the electrons. Part II-The states of matter the gaseous state; the liquid state; dilute solutions. Part III-Chemical combination mechanism of chemical combination; energy of chemical combination. Part IV-Electrically charged atoms the electro-chemical list; oxidation and reduction; electrolysis. Part V-Chemical equilibrium the law of mass action; influence of temperature and pressure; heterogeneous systems; ionic equilibrium. Answers to problems. Index. The Soil and the Plant. Ernest Vanstone. Pp. 72. (London Macmillan & Co.Ltd. 1947.) 4s. 6d. net. Basic principles of agricultural chemistry; the formation of soil; the fineness of soil particles; the food requirements of plants; the requirements of plants nitrogen; how the soil gains nitrogen the requirements of plants potassium phosphorus calcium; soil acidity elements of lesser importance soil analysis; the classification of soils; conclusion. Index. Fertilisers and Manures their Manufacture Composition and Uses. Ernest Vanstone. Pp. 80. (London Macmillan & Co. Ltd. 1947.) 4s. 6d. net. Nitrogenous fertilisers; effects of nitrogenous fertilisers on the plant and the soil; phosphatic fertilisers mineral phosphates and superphosphate; changes in super- phosphate by the soil; basic slag and bone manures potassic fertilisers; lime and [ 254 3 lime compounds; farmyard manure; substitutes for farmyard manure composts; organic manures and chemical fertilisers; compound or mixed fertilisers; fertilisers for agricultural crops; general principles of manuring agricultural crops ;fertilisers for horticultural crops; control and distribution of fertilisers (1944-6); Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act 1926; experimental methods and conclusion.Index. Plastics Manual. H. R. Fleck. Pp. xxviii + 156. (London Temple Press Ltd. 1947.) 15s. net. Introduction; progress in the plastics industry; raw materials for the plastics industry; acrylic resins; ally1 resins; amino resins; cellulose plastics; miscellaneous resins; phenol resins; poly-ethylene plastics; poly-styrene plastics; vinyl plastics; synthetic cements and resins; densified wood; fillers; qualitative analysis of plastics; definitions of some terms; moulds; mechanical methods; table of plasticisers.EXAMINATIONS SEPTEMBER 1947 ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS Examinations were held as under :-Entered Passed For the Associateship in General Chemistry. Examiners Dr. G. M. Bennett F.R.S. and Dr. T. G. Pearson. The examination was held in the Examinations Hall and Chemical Laboratory of the University of London South Kensington and at The Royal Technical College Glasgow theoretical papers being taken also at various local centres in the week beginning Monday 15 September 1947 .. .. .. .. .. 61 26* For the Fellowship. Examinations were held at the Institute and in the Chemical Laboratory of the University of London in the week beginning Monday 22 September 1947 unless otherwise stated.Branch C Organic Chemistry with special reference to High Polymers. Examiners Dr. G. M. Bennett F.R.S. and Dr. E. H. Farmer 1 0 Branch E The Chemistry including Microscopy of Food and Drugs and of Water. Examiners Mr. G. Taylor and Dr. C. H. Hampshire .. .. 6 3 Branch G Industrial Chemistry. General Examiner Mr. H. W. Cremer. With special reference to Petroleum. Examiner Professor F. H. Garner. -it the Department of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 It’ith special reference to Paper Manufactwe. Examiner Dr. H. A. Harrison. In the week commencing 29 September .... .. .. 1 1 With special reference to the Paint Industyy.t Examiner Professor H. V. A. Briscoe .. .. .. 1 1 Branch I U’ater Supply and the Treatment of Sewage and Trade Efluents. Examiners Mr. S. I<. Melling and Mr. C. Jepson. At the Rivers Department Manchester .. .. .. 1 0 Special Examination in Pharmaceutical A nalysis. Examiner Dr. C. H. Hampshire .. .. .. .. 1 1 73 33 * 6 candidates failed in part only of the examination and 1 candidate completed his examination by satisfying the Examiners in that part in which he had previously failed. t In addition to the General Paper the candidate was required to prepare “home papers” on the following subjects (1) Natural and Artificial Resins (2) The Chemistry of Pigments (3) Modern Work on the Thickening of Drying Oils (4) A Critical Surxrey of Sampling and Analvtical Methods in the Paint Industry.[ 255 ] EXAMINATION FOR THE ASSOCIATESHIP IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY MONDAY 15 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (Answer FIVE questions only. Give formulae and equations where possible.) 1. Outline the chemistry of FOUR of the following elements:-(a) lithium (b) be’ryllium (c) cerium (d) thallium (e) gallium (f)bismuth. 2. Derive the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and also derive a simplified form of the equation applicable to liquid-vapour systems remote from the critical temperature. Calculate the latent heat of vaporisation of water from the following data expressing the result in calories per gram:- Temperature = 100°C.dPldT = 2.717 cm. Hg per degree. Density of water -0.962 g. per cc. Density of water vapour = 5.973 x 10-4g. per cc. Density of mercury = 13.59 g. per cc. Acceleration due to gravity = 981 cm. per sec2. 1 calorie = 4.185 x lo7ergs. 3. Assume that a volatile carbonyl COTe exists. Describe with essential experi-mental details how you would endeavour to prepare it and determine its chief physical properties. 4. The sketch below represents the phase equilibrium diagram for sulphur. Explain the diagram and discuss its implications. Apply the phase rule to the system in the conditions represented by each of the following:- (a)any point between A and B (b)the triple-point C (c) a point in the area FCD. r LMPERATUAE PHASE DIAGRAM EQUILIBRIUM OF SULPHUR (Di agrammatic) 5.Discuss ONE of the following topics:- (a) The nature of the co-ordinate linkage (b) Optical isomerism in 6-co-ordinate complex salts. 6. Explain fully the meaning of FIVE of the following terms:- (a) Standard electrode potential (b) transport number (c) iso-electric point, (d) zeta-potential (e) lyophobic sol (f) thixotropic gel (g) detergent. Illustrate your answer when possible by referring to examples of the application of the terms. [ 266 1 7. Enumerate the characteristic differences in physical and chemical properties of the metals and non-metals and of their respective chief compounds and explain these differences in terms of the structure of matter. 2 to 5 p.m. (Answer FIVE questions only.Give formulae and equations where possible.) 1. Discuss the factors affecting the solubility of gases and gaseous mixtures in water and in aqueous solutions. 2. Enumerate exemplify and account for the various methods that are used in the extraction of metals from their ores. 3. Deduce the relationship between the equilibrium constant and the standard free energy increment -AGO = RTlogeK Demonstrate the effect of reaction type on the extent of reaction at equilibrium by proceeding as follows:-For each of the reactions A + B = C and A + B = 2C, the standard free energy increment is + 3,000 cals. at 327" C. Start with an initially equimolar mixture of A and B and calculate for each reaction the molar fraction of A (or B) converted to C at equilibrium.4. Starting with nitric acid describe with essential experimental details how you would prepare pure specimens of the following substances :-(a) nitrosyl chloride (b) a hyponitrite (c) hydroxylamine (d) hydrazoic acid. 5. Discuss any TWO of the following photochemical reactions :- (i) The reaction between hydrogen and chlorine; (ii) the reaction between hydrogen and bromine; (iii) the decomposition of hydrogen iodide ; (iv) the decomposition of aldehydes and ketones; (v) the dimerisation of anthracene in solution. 6. Indicate the preparation and properties and discuss the structure of the peracids (or of the salts of the peracids) of ONE of the following elements:-(a) sulphur (b) carbon (c) chromium.7. EITHER(a) Outline and discuss the interpretation of heterogeneous reactions in terms of Langmuir's ideas on adsorption ; OR (b) Describe explain and discuss critically TWO methods of determining accurately the surface tension of a liquid. Indicate the applica- tions of the results of surface tension measurements. TUESDAY 16 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (Answer FOUR questions only. Give formulae and equations where possible.) 1. A monobasic acid A found to contain C 33-2 per cent. H 5-0 per cent. and Rr 44-2 per cent. is converted by boiling aqueous potassium carbonate into an acid B free from halogen and containing C 50.8 per cent. H 8.5 per cent. Hot sulphuric acid acts on B to yield an acid C having C 60.0 per cent.and H 8-0 per cent. The acid C was also produced directly from A by the action of alcoholic potassium hydroxide and was reconverted into A by the action of hydrogen bromide. Oxidation of B in hot acid solution yields methylethylketone and carbon dioxide. Explain these reactions and write formulae for A B and C. 2. Compare the properties and reactions of acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde. How may the following be obtained from benzaldehyde :-(a) toluene (b) benzil (c) cc-naphthol (d) /3-phenylpropionic acid (e) benzhydrol ? 3. Describe the methods available for the preparation of aromatic sulphonic acids or their salts and review the properties of these substances. By what reactions are the following obtained from the sodium salt of a sulphonic acid:-(a) a phenol (b) the parent hydrocarbon (c) a thiophenol (d) a sulphinic acid (e) a diary1 sulphone ? 4.Give an account of the stereochemistry of 4-covalent nitrogen compounds 5. Review the methods available for the synthesis of quinoline and iso-quinoline illustrating your answer with specific examples. and their derivatives. What substances are formed by (a) oxidation and (b)reduction of these two bases ? r 267 I 6. Describe the evidence both analytical and synthetical for the structure of a-terpineol. Explain the chemical relationship of this substance to (a) dipentene (b) geranio€ and (c) cineole. 7. Write an essay on ONE of the following subjects:- (i) catalytic reduction; (ii) the methods used in determining the structures of the alkaloids; (iii) isomeric change.2 to 3.30 p,m. Translation of French and German technical literature. WEDIVESDAY 17 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 4.30p.m. 1. Solution (A) contains the sulphates of zinc and magnesium in dilute sulphuric acid solution. Determine the zinc content (in grams per litre) by a volumetric method using the standard solution of potassium ferrocyanide provided. (This determination must be completed to-day.) 3. Determine the magnesium content (in grams per litre) of solution (A) by proceeding as follows :-Take 25 ml. of the solution dilute it to a convenient bulk and precipitate the zinc as sulphide in neutral or slightly ammoniacal solution with hydrogen sulphide in the presence of a filter aid such as macerated paper.Filter off the zinc sulphide and determine the magnesium in the filtrate by a method involving the use of oxine (8-hydroxyquinoline) . (This determination may be completed to-morrow.) 3. Identify the substance (B). [(B) = silicon.] (This exercise must be completed to-day.) THURSDAY 18 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Complete yesterday’s exercise (2). 4. Determine the total iron content (in grams per litre) of solution (C)using standard potassium dichromate solution and an internal indicator. Use a 25-ml. portion for each determination. Solution (C) is approximately 0.1 N with respect to total iron. 5. Examine qualitatively the mixture (D) and report on its composition. [(D) = antimony oxalate ferric potassium oxalate and stannic ammonium chloride.] FRIDAY 19 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m.to 4.30 p.m. P. The substance (E)contains 37 per cent. of chlorine. Determine its approximate molecular weight by Rast’s method and deduce the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule of (E). [(E) 2 5-dichloronitrobenzene or 3 4-dichioronitrobenzene.] 2. Examine (E) prepare derivatives assign it to its class and if possible identify it. Leave your specimens labelled with name and m.p. SATURDAY 20 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 3. Separate the two components of the mixture (F)and identify them. State the approximate composition of the mixture. Leave specimens of the pure components and of one derivative of each labelled with name and m.p. [(F)= acetophenone -$-p-bromobenzoic acid.] EXAMINATION FOR THE FELLOWSHIP Branch C Organic Chemistry with special reference to High Polymers MONDAY 22 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m.to 1 p.m. (THREE questions to be answered.) 1. Give an account of the ways in which acetylene has been used for synthetic purposes. 2. Discuss the uses made of catalytic methods in organic chemistry. 3. Review the work which has been done on the stereoisomerism of allenes spiranes [ 268 I and related substances. 4. Discuss the manner in which groups substituted in the benzene ring influence the reactivity of other atoms or groups present in the molecule. 5. Give an account of the chemistry of EITHER atropine OR starch. 6. Discuss ONE of the following subjects:- (i) the pinacol-pinacolin and Wagner-Meerwein changes ; (ii) synthetic local anaesthetics; (iii) the mechanism of aromatic nitration.2 lo 5 P.”. (FOURquestions ONLY to be answered.) 1. Discuss the mechanism of action of ferrous salts on hydrogen peroxide as a means of promoting the chain-polymerisation of olefinic substances. Describe with suitable experimental details how the principle of this action may be applied to the emulsion-polymerisation of olefin monomers. 2. Describe current opinions regarding the following features of the phenol-formaldehyde reaction:-(a) the tendency for substitution to occur at o- m- and p-positions (respectively) of the phenolic nuclei (b) the participation or otherwise of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the condensation reactions and (c) the respective influences of acidic and alkaline condensing agents on the course of reaction.Give details of the chromane and methylene-quinone mechanisms for the linking of phenol-formaldehyde derivatives to olefinic substances. 3. Write a short essay on EITHER (a) Infra-red spectroscopy as an aid to the determination of the constitution of high-polymers OR (b)Structural variability (control- lable and/or uncontrollable) in synthetic and natural polymeric materials. 4. Describe with necessary structural details the group of polymeric silicon derivatives. For what industrial uses are the members of the group suited ? A. Write an account of the utilisation of styrene in the production of polymeric plastics and elastomers.6. Discuss the nature of the changes due to weathering in polymeric materials of different types. TUESDAY 23 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1. Determine the saponification number of the ester (A). [(A) = n-butyl phthalate.] 2. Hydrolyse (A) isolate both the acid and the alcohol and identify both preparing suitable derivatives. U’EDNE.7DA4Y to FRIIIA I-,24 to 26 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. each day. 1. Determine the proportion of aromatic component in the oil (B). 2. Nitrate (B) using conditions for mono-nitration separate the product from the paraffins present and prepare a quantity of 2 4-dinitrotoluene. Prepare specimens of 2 4 6-trinitrotoluene a nitro-aminotoluene 2 4-dinitro-benzaldehyde s-trinitrobenzene.3. Identify the substance (C). [(C) = ,9-phenylethylcarbinol.I 4. Identify the substance present in solution (D). [(D) = sodium urate.] Branch E The Chemistry including Microscopy of Food and Drugs and of Water MONDAY 22 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 to 11.30 a.m. (ALL questions to be answered.) 1. Give an account of the chemical composition and nutritive value of hens’ eggs. Discuss briefly the complementary nutritive values of egg and milk. [ 259 1 2. Describe the methods you would use in the examination of a foodstuff such as flour for the presence of “dirt,” moulds vermin excreta and insect infestation. 3. The analysis of a sample of sausage meat yields the following figures:- Water .. . . 58.4 per cent. Fat . . .. . . 10.5 , Nitrogen .. .. 1.6 ,, Ash . . .. . . 2.1 , Calculate the meat content stating the principles involved in the calculation. Write a report on the composition of this sausage meat. 11.30 a.m. to 1 p.nz. (THREEquestions ONLY to be answered.) 1. Give an account of the pharmacology and practical uses of the synthetic local anaesthetics. 2. Describe briefly a method for the determination in biological material such as blood or urine of (a) penicillin (b)a sulphonamide. 3. Define the following terms in relation to drugs and give examples:-(a) analgesic (b)expectorant (c) hypnotic (d) diuretic. 4. Write a short account of the pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of :-(a)diamorphine hydrochloride (b)sodium sulphate (c) physostigmine salicylate (d) digitalis (e) nicotinamide.2 to 5 P.m. (FOUR questions to be answered.) 1. Outline the essential features of the Milk (Special Designations) Regulations 1936 to 1946 and the Heat-Treated Milk (Prescribed Tests) Order 1944. What are the fundamental principles involved in the prescribed tests ? 2. What is phytic acid? Discuss the suggestion that the proportion present in wheat flour affects the nutritive value of the flour. 3. Explain in general terms the tests you would apply to water from a fishing river for the purpose of answering a complaint that the fish are dying out. The river flows through a small industrial town. 4. Enumerate the standards laid down in the Food Standard Orders of the Ministry of Food for Self-Raising Flour Baking Powder Mustard Shredded Suet Liquid Coffee Essences and Salad Cream.For which of these articles are methods of analysis prescribed ? Can you suggest any reason why methods of analysis are given specifically for these articles and not for the other articles ? 5. What tests are available for determining whether a purchased sample of milk is pasteurised milk or milk reconstituted from dried milk powder? TUESDAY 23 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1. Analyse the sample of full cream dried milk (A) and report fully on its cornposi- tion and suitability for human consumption. [Slightly low in fat and the fat was rancid ; also poor solubility.] WEDNESDAY 24 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1. Determine the amount of shell in the cocoa powder (B). 2.Determine the boron in the milk (C). THURSDAY 25 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1. The specimen of liquid (D) is taken from a town sewer and is suspected to be the cause of corrosion in the pumping machinery. Effluents from a number of chemical factories are discharged into this sewer. Analyse the sample and give your opinion as to the probable cause of the corrosion. [Contained hydrofluoric acid.] FRIDA Y 26 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m.to 5 P.m. 1. Examine the lemonade powder (E)from the point of view of existing regulations [Prohibited colour picric acid.] 2. Identify the specimens (F),(G) (H) and(1). c 260 1 SATURDAY 27 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a:m. to 5 p.m (Reports of micvoscopicai examhations should be accompaHied by amdated sketches.) 1.Identify by microscopical examination the powders (A) (B) (C) and (D). 2. Identify the microscopical preparations (E),(F),(G),(H) (I) and (J) (no sketches required). 3. Examine the solution for injection (K) and the powder (L) for narcotic drugs. Branch G Industrial Chemistry MONDAY 22 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (Answer Question ONEand any THREE other questions.) 1. What materials would you advise for the construction of plant for the following duties:-(a) a sulphur burner; (b) the separation of a solution of organic acid extracted from its calcium salt with sulphuric acid ; (c) tanks pipes and valves for storage of caustic soda solution; (d) wet condensation with sea water of vapour contaminated with mineral acid? Discuss methods of fabrication in the case of ONE of the materials you mention.2. Discuss types of equipment available for the industrial separation of liquids from solids. 3. Discuss technical staffing in connection with any large scale industrial chemical process with which you are familiar. Draft advertisements for insertion in the Technical Press for :-(a) a laboratory assistant ; (b) chemical staff for shift control (c) a chemist to be in charge of a laboratory employing about 10 assistants. 4. Give some account of modern types of protective coatings with reference to the means of application available. 5. Give a short description with simple sketches of THREE of the following:- (a) bomb calorimeter; (b) jet condenser; (c) a pneumatically controlled steam valve; (d) a simple form of pyrometer.6. Write a short critical essay on the development and aims of EITHER The Society of Chemical Industry OR The Bureau of Abstracts. [The above paper was taken by all candidates in Bvaiich G Industrial Chemistvy.] Branch G Industrial Chemistry with special reference to Petroleum MONDAY 22 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. General Paper (see above). 2 to 6 p.m. (FOURquestions to be nnswered.) 1. Describe the principal chemical compounds other than hydrocarbons which are present in crude petroleums and give an account of their extraction from petroleum and of their commercial uses. 2. Give an account of the following processes :-polymerisation alkylation and 3.Write an essay on the manufacture of synthetic chemicals frQmpropyleae or isomerisation and of the part they play in the manufacture of aviation spirit. butylene. 4. Describe briefly the following methods of testing petroleum raducts together pith the use of the test in evaluating the particular petroleum profuct to which it is applied :-(u) smoke point (b) diesel index (c)demulsification number (d) penetration (e) cetane number I 261 3 5. Give an account of the application of catalysts in the cracking of petroleum products and describe in detail one commercial process used. Why do you think the use of these processes was largely developed in the recent war ? 6.Write a description of the various ways in which alkalies and alkaline reagents are used in petroleum refining and give equations for the processes employed. 7. Write an essay on EITHER (a) Knocking in spark ignition engines OR (b)Cetane number improvers in compression ignition engines TUESDAY to FRIDAY 23 to 26 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 5 p.nt. each day. 1. Evaluate the gas oil sample supplied with reference to its use as diesel fuel. 2. Make a full series of tests on the sample of crude petroleum including vacuum distillation in order to give a preliminary report on the value of the crude petroleum. Branch G Industrial Chemistry with special reference to Paper Making MONDAY 29 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. General Paper (see p. 261).2 to 5 p.na. (Not move than FOUR questions should be attem9ted.) 1. Give some account of recent developments in bleaching as applied to paper- making pulps indicating what in your view are the advantages and limitations of the processes you describe. 2. Wriic notes on THREE of the following:- (a) the differentiation of urea resin from melamine resin in wet-strength papers; (b) the use of organo-mercurial compounds for the suppression of paper mill slime ; (c) the chemistry- of satin white; (d) modern methods of applying casein-clay coatings to paper; (e) the colorimetric identification of traces of metallic radicles liable to be present in paper and board. 3. Discuss the fundamental and practical implications of methods which have been suggested for increasing the dry strength of paper by chemical treatment of the stock in the beater.4. EITHER (a)Write an essay on the measurement of the fastness to light of coloured papers indicating the difficulties which are encountered and the various means whereby they might be overcome; OR (b) Write a critical account of the various methods which have been proposed for measuring the gloss of paper. 5. Describe in detail with drawings the installation of a constant humidity room in a paper mill laboratory giving your recommendations as to the control equipment necessary. 6. Survey the applications of plastic materials in the manufacture of speciality papers giving some account of the process methods and of the essential characteristics of the finished products.TUESDAY to FRIDAY 30 SEPTEMBER to 3 OCTOBER 1947 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. each day. (Where possible the evidence you obtain should be left i?a tlae fovnz of labelled speciijieizs.) 1. Determine the amount of DDT on the sample of one-side coated paper (A). Report your result in milligrams per square centimetre of surface area. 2. Report as fully as possible on the furnish of the speciality white paper (B). 3. Identify as far as possible and estimate the chemical ingredients of the impregnated silver-polishing paper (C). 4. Determine the moisture-vapour resistance of the surface-treated paper sample (D) (in the uncreased condition) at a relative humidity differential of 95 per cent. -5 per cent.and a temperature of 100"F. Report your result in grams per square metre per 24 hours. 5. Examine the nature of thc laminated product (E). c 262 I Branch I Water Supply and the Treatment of Sewage and Trade Effluents MONDAY 22 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (Questions 1 2 5 and ONE other to be attempted.) 1. Give a full account of the various present-day methods of disinfection of water intended for general domestic use and deal particularly with their advantages and disadvantages. How do you distinguish between residual chlorine and residual chloramine in a treated supply ? 2. With regard to lead poisoning arising from a water supply what factors govern the mechanism of plumbo-solvency and what measures can be taken for the removal of traces of lead (a) from water under domestic conditions and (b) in the case of wash- waters from a galena mine ? Describe the method you use for its proximate determina- tion and criticise alternative methods of estimation.As a matter of public health what is the “limit of safety” adopted by your Authorities in respect of this contamination? 3. Define Break-Point Chlorination. In your experience in what directions is its use indicated in the conditioning of potable supply ? 4. Explain the meaning of the following terms :-“Water Bloom,” “Pollution Carpet,” Micro-strainer “Pipe-moss,” Langelier Index Parameters of self-purification. 5. To what difficulties do algae give rise in the conservation and treatment of a public water-supply ? How may their development be suppressed in the first instance and what remedial measures are available for their elimination and for the removal of their objectionable products ? 6.Explain the principles underlying Threshold Treatment in inhibiting chalk deposition in boiler-feed water. ~WONDA Y 22 SEPTEMBER 1947 2 to 6 p.m. (Qzdestions 1 2 3 and ONE other to be attempted.) 1. Write an essay on the theory of iron-corrosion of a water-pipe system and methods of prevention. In the course of your answer explain what is meant by Cslcium Carbonate Saturation Index and how it is determined. 2. Outline the salient points involved in any one well-known epidemic dbe to the ingress of sewage pollution into a public water supply. Deal fully with the precautions which should be taken regarding employees engaged in water undertakings.3. Give a critical account of the various methods used in the determination of the hardness of water. In treatment-plant (softening) “control” the Clark (soap) test is usually applied what are the disturbing factors encountered herein? 4. Give a method for the determination of fluorine in potable water. State what you know of the hygienic significance of fluorine and its permissible limit. 5. Contrast the physical properties of water drawn from a deep well with those associated with surface supplies. 6. Having determined the various ions show ckarlv how you calculate the mineral constitution of a water. TUESDAY 23 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (Questions1 3 6 and ONE other to be attempted.) 1.In spite of pollution enactments many English rivers are still seriously abused and are incapable of supporting fish-life. Discuss this statement giving reasons and possible remedies and outline the precautions which should be taken before such waters are used as a source of public supply. 2. Give a concise account of the principles underlying the Activated Sludge Process and describe their application in practice. What units would you recommend for evaluating the performance of the plant and why ? 3. State briefly what you understand by the following terms:-(a) McGowan “Strength,” (b)Kessener “Brush,” (c) “Nordell Number,” (d) “Population Equivalent,” (e) “Sludge Index,” and (f) Townend’s “Strength Formula.” 4. Describe some recent applications of chemical methods to the treatment of sewage and sludge.5. Describe modern methods for the collection removal and disposal of detritus. 6. Compare and contrast the relative merits of digestion and heat-treatment (Porteous) as aids to sludge disposal. [ 2631 TUESDAY 23 SEPTEMBER 1947 2 to 5 p.wi.; WEDNESDAY 24 SEPTEMBER 1947 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (see below) THURSDAY and FRIDAY 25 and 26 SEPTEMBER 1947 9.30 a.m. to 5.30p.m. each day. On Wednesday morning the candidate will be taken to inspect a bore-hode supply of a Water Undertaking and will subsequently be required to report upon its condition and fitness for drinking. 1. Examine and report upon the sample of Sulphate of Alumina (A) submitted as a precipitant for use in water purification.2. Ignoring Coliform organisms carry out a bacteriological examination of the sample of water (B) to afford presumptive evidence or otherwise of sewage pollution. 3. Determine the alkalinity and plumbo-solvency of the moor-land water (C). 4. The sample (D) was drawn from a relatively clean stream and contains metallic inhibitory bodies derived from factory effluents. Determine their nature and if time allows their amounts. Organic contaminants arsenic and antimony need not be considered. 5. Make such examination of the samples and specimens collected on Wednesday 24 September as is necessary in your judgment and complete your report on the problem. SPECIAL EXAMINATION FOR THE FELLOWSHIP IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS TUESDAY 23 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m.to 1 p.m. (ALLthe questions to be answered.) 1. Explain the significance in relation to solutions for injection of the following tests:-(a) for sterility (b) for pyrogens (c) for alkalinity of glass. Outline the technique of each of these tests. 2. Describe the Pharmacopoeia1 methods for the determination of the alcohol content of galenicals and explain the underlying principles. 3. Describe a method for the quantitative microscopical examination of vegetable powders. 4. Describe in outline the assays of (a) thyroid (b)extract of malt (c) halibut-liver oil. Discuss in each instance the relation of the result of the assay to the medicinal uses. 5. Explain briefly the following terms:-(a) cross-over test (b) LD50 (c) Lo dose (d) adsorption indicator.TUESDAY 23 SEPTEMBER 1947 2 to 5 9.m. (Not more than THREE questions to be answered.) 1. Explain the general principles of chromatography. Discuss the uses of this process in pharmaceutical analysis mentioning any recent work with which you are acquainted. 2. Define the terms (a) vein islet number (b) stomata1 index (c) palisade ratio. Discuss the application of these measurements to the examination of drugs and indicate any possible future developments. 3. Give an account of the underlying principles of the biological assay of drugs and describe how they are applied to the assay of (a) diphtheria antitoxin (b) pituitary (posterior lobe) extract (c)insulin. 4. Explain the general principles of EITHER polarography OR spectrophotometry and indicate with examples and references to recent publications how the method you select is applied in the analysis of drugs.5. Describe and compare the methods available for the determination of mercury in its salts and preparations. WEDNESDAY 24 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1. Examine the Almond Oil (A) for compliance with the requirements of the British Pharmacopoeia. (This exercise may be completed to-morrow.) Identify the drug (B). THURSDAY 25 SEPTEMBER 1047 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Complete yesterday’s exercise (1). 1. Identify the drug (C) and examine it for compliance with the requirements of the British Pharmacopoeia. (The report on the identification must be handed in at 11.30 a.m.) 2.Determine the phenol in the Phenol Lozenges (D). FRIDAY 26 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Determine the aldehydes in the Oil of Lemon (E). Report also on the optical rotation and non-volatile residue. 2. Identify the drugs (F),(G) and (H). SATURDAY 27 SEPTEMBER 1947 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. (Reports of microscopical examinations should be accompanied by annotated sketches.) 1. Identify by microscopical examination the powders (A) (B) (C) and (D). 2. Identify the microscopical preparations (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) and (J) (no sketches required). 3. Examine the solution for injection (K) and the powder (L) for narcotic drugs. REPORT EXAMINATIONTHE ASSOCIATESHIP FOR Inorganic and Physical Chemistry. There were some excellent answers to Q.1 Q. 4 and Q. 5b Paper 1 but Q. 5a was unpopular. Most candidates derived the Clausius-Clapeyron equation called for in Q. 2 but careless arithmetical mistakes were made in calculating the latent heat of vaporisation of water. In answering Q. 3 a number of candidates gratuitously denied the possibility of COTe existing on the grounds that Group VI elements do not form carbonyls. This particular argument implied that the candidates had either forgotten or were un- acquainted with the existence of carbonyl sulphide and selenide. Most of the candidates who decided that the telluride would be volatile unstable and reactive towards oxygen and moisture were unfamiliar with well established methods of manipulating volatile substances in a vacuum.There were a surprising number of inadequate definitions of standard electrode potential zeta-potential and detergent in the answers to Q. 6. Most candidates clearly enumerated the differences in physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals called for in Q. 7 but the explanations of these differences in terms of the structure of matter were less satisfactory. Few candidates attempted to account for such features as the basicity of metallic oxides the hydrolysis of non-metallic chlorides and the characteristic differences between metallic and non-metallic hydrides. In Paper 2 answers to Q. 1 were adequate and many of those to Q. 4 and Q. 6a were excellent. Q. 6b and Q. 6c were unpopular. Too many answers to Q. 2 consisted of a list of the elements with their respective methods of preparation attached.It was obviously necessary to treat the methods systematically in order to answer the question adequately in the time available. The book-work called for in Q. 3 was satisfactory but again there were many careless mistakes in solving the rider. The majority of candidates in deriving the equilibrium constant ignored the total number of molecules present. The answers to Q. 5 were generally good but there was a tendency to take for granted the selection of equations, from the many possible ones in accounting for the reaction between hydrogen and halogens. The interesting feature in the decomposition of ketones that the energy is absorbed in the carbonyl link and is transferred to another link before fission occurs was often omitted.The answers to Q. 7a tended to be diffuse although a few candidates attempted quantitative treatments. In answering Q. 7b some candidates were unable either to give accurately or to derive the relationship involved in the capillary rise method of determining surface tension. The precautions to be taken in making the measurements were rarely completely stated while the application of surface tension was generally restricted to its use in computing the Parachor. [ 266 3 In the practical examination the quantitative exercises and the qualitative analysis of the mixture were well done but the quantitative identification of the single substance silicon resulted in some remarkable conclusions including aluminium metal aluminium carbide and ferrosilicon.The conclusion that the substance was carborundum was more excusable. The results obtained in these exercises were a good example of the dangers of not taking heed of the indications of the preliminary tests Organic Chemistry. In view of the wide choice of questions allowed the standard of the majority of the answers given was not as high as might have been expected. The problem was attempted by most candidates but comparatively few of them made full use of all the chemical facts given particularly with reference to the mode of additions of hydrogen bromide to unsaturated acids and the characteristic decomposi- tion of a ketonic acid. Knowledge of sulphonic acids and their reactions was often inadequate many candidates being under the impression that the free acids can be reduced by the common reducing agents.In writing about the stereochemistry of nitrogen few candidates gave exact details of specific examples. The evidence of the structure of terpineol was generally well known though once again essential evidence as to the structure of degradation products was sometimes lacking and very few candidates gave correct answers concerning geraniol and cineole. The essays were on the whole satisfactory but in writing on isomeric change many candidates devoted too large a proportion of their time to tautomerism. The practical work was in general satisfactory but a number of candidates were misled by relying too much on a single melting-point observation as evidence in identifying a substance.EXAMINATION FOR THE FELLOWSHIP Branch E The Chemistry including Microscopy of Food and Drugs and of Water. The written work was generally satisfactory. The practical work of some of the candidates showed lack of experience outside the usual and conventional analytical methods. The identification of hydrofluoric acid in an effluent and of the prohibited colour (picric acid) in a food should not have presented any serious difficulty but did so. On the other hand the examination of a doubtfully edible specimen of dried milk powder was generally made in a thorough manner. The microscopical work was not very well done; all candidates should be able to identify the presence in cereal mixtures of such preparations as dried yeast and dried egg.PASS LIST Examination for the A ssociateship in General Chemistry Adamson Robert Ballantyne Heriot-Watt College Edinburgh and Royal Technical College Glasgow. Andrews Geoffrey Robert Central Technical College Birmingham. Boswall Desmond Arthur Municipal College Portsmouth. Boyd James Wennington Technical College Sunderland. Butcher George Alfred Central Technical College Birmingham. Diggins Arthur Cecil Municipal College Burnley. Fordham William Douglas BSc. (Lond.) University College Leicester. Garratt William Charles Technical College Derby. Hall Michael Lister B.Sc. (Lond.) Municipal Technical College Hull. Harrison Samuel City Technical College Liverpool. Harvey Frank Reid B.Sc. (Lond.) Municipal Technical College Bolton.Hogan John Edwin Technical College Coventry. Humphrey Crosby Walker Technical College Sunderland. Johnson Ronald City Technical College Liverpool. Long Alan Gibson Acton Technical College and The Polytechnic Regent Street London. Lowes Leonard Constantine Technical College Middlesbrough. Marshall Robert Pattison Technical College Chesterfield. McConnell Alexander McDonald Royal Technical College Glasgow. Mills Edmund Peter BSc. (Lond.) Technical College Coventry. Nicholson Dennis Clifford Northern Polytechnic London. Powell Ronald James City Technical College Liverpool. c 266 I Prescott John Roy Technical College Coventry. Thompson Raymond North Staffordshire Technical College Stoke-on-Trent and University College Nattingham.Waters David John Coventry Technical College. White Albert William B.Sc. (Lond.) Royal Technical College Salford. Wooding Norman Samuel. Technical College Coventry. Examination for the Fellowship In Branch E The Chemistry including Microscopy of Food and Drug nd of Water Alcock Arthur. Dalley Richard Arthur. Smart John Valentine. In Branch G Industrial Chemistry With special reference to Petroleum Harkess John Mackay A.H.-W.C. With special reference to Paper Manufacture McKenzie Miss Helen hlackay M.A. B.Sc. (Aberdeen). Tk’ith special reference to the Paint Industry Musgrave James B.Sc. (Dunelm). Special Examination in Pharmaceutical Analysis Shaw William Harold Cullen. THE REGISTER New Fellows Baum Gustav Dr.Techn.Sc.Dip. Eng. Halsbury Rt. Hon. the Earl of B.S Tech. Barrister (Vienna Austria). (Lond.). F.Inst.P. Cox Professor Ernest Gordon D.Sc. Thomas Harold Hirst B.Sc. (Leeds). (Bris.) F.1nst.P. Associates Elected to the Fellowship Badger Edward Henry Michael B.A. (Oxon.). Bailey,Eric,B.Sc. (Manc.),A.M.I.Chem.E. Bailey Ronald B.Sc. (Lond.). Banerjee Tarapada D.Sc. (Dacca). Barrett Jack Wheeler B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. D.I.C. Black William Aird Peden B.Sc. Ph.D. (Edin.). Blackburn Rudolph Isaac M.A. (Cantab.) B.Sc. (Lond.) F.C.I.P.A. Burkin Alfred Richard B.Sc. (Lond.). Campbell Duncan Arthur B.Sc. (Lond.) M.Sc.Tech. (Manc.) D.I.C. Cook Joseph B.Sc. (Liv.). Davis Frederick Victor BSc. (Lond.). Evans Thomas Watkin B.Sc.Ph.D. (Wales). Gerrard William DSc. Ph.D. (Lond.). Gough Cyril Maynard B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.). Graham Charles Aloysius. Graham Kenneth Lindley A.M.1.Chem.E. Greenstein Abraham Woolf B.Sc. (S.A.) A.M.I .Chem. E. Hardy Douglas Vernon Nelmar B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.). Harkess John Mackay A.H.-W.C. Hewer Alfred Walter. Holland Harold Cecil M.Sc. (N.Z. Ph.D. (Leeds). Howat George Robertson BSc. Ph.D. (Glas.). Ikin Gilbert. Kent Francis George B.Sc. (Lond.), M.1.Chem.E. Kenworthy Leslie M.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. Lawson Wilfrid M.Sc. (Liv.). Lea Arthur Chambers B.Sc. (Lond.). Lewis Cyril Jesse. Lewis Thomas Frank Leslie. Mahler Edgar Arthur John B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. D.I.C. Mandeville Desmond Christopher B.A. (Cantab.) A.M.1.Chem.E.McGowan John Carswell M.A. B.Sc. (Oxon.) B.Sc. (Lond.) D.I.C. Moir George Morrison M.Sc. (N.Z.), Ph. D . (Reading). MoIton Mathew B.Sc. (Glas.). Musgrave James B.Sc. (Dunelm). Nabar Parashuram Malhar B,A B.Sc. (Bombay) B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.). Norton Albert M.A. B.Sc. (Oxon.). Owen Geoffrey -4lbert B.Sc. (Lond.), A.K.C. Pearson David B.Sc. (Lond.). Piper Gordon Hobbs B.A. B.Sc. (Oxon.) Ph.D. (Lond.). Redman John B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.). Ryan Herbert Alan B.Sc. (Lond.). Sadasivan Ramasamy M.Sc. (Calcutta) M.Sc.Tech. (Manc.) . Saddington Kenneth B.Sc. (Lond.). Sen Sailesh Chanra M.Sc. (Calcutta). Shaw William Harold Cullen Ph.C. Shilling William Henry M.Sc. (Lond.). Simmons Norman Thomas. Simons Charles B.Sc.Ph.D. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. D.I.C. Smart John Valentine. Sreerangachar Hemmige Biligiri Kan-gachar DSc. (Bombay) A.I.I.Sc. Stagg Harold Edgar B.Sc. (Lond.). Stock Douglas Alfred Irwin B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.). Stuart Robert Guy B.Sc. (Lond.). Subba Rao Nandury Venkata 11.S~. (Andhra). Tudor Richard Joseph MSc. (Liv.), Ph.D. (Lond.). Vyle Leonard Reginald MSc. (Lond.). Wickens Robert Louis. Wignall John Samue! B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) . Williams Albert Frederick B.Sc. (Lond.) . New Associates Abichandani Chandiram Teumal M.Sc. Ph.D. (Bombay). Adamson Robert Ballantyne. Afridi Abdul Wahhab M.Sc. (Punjab). Agius Peter JosephVermont B.Sc. (Lond.). Anderson George de Winter BSc. (Q.U.B.). Anderson John Ragnar Augustus A.A.C.I.Andrews Geoffrey Robert. Ashton Charles Thomas BSc. (Manc.). Athavale. Vishnu Tryambak M.Sc. Ph.D. (Bombay). Baler Sydney Walter. Barman Jitendra Nath M.Sc. (Calcutta). Barnard Douglas BSc. (Leeds). Bayles Denis Alan B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. Beech Frederick Walter B.Sc. (Birm.). Betteridge Reuben B.Sc. (Birm.). Bhaskar Raj Pall M.Sc.Tech. (Benares). Bhatnagar Prem Prakash M.Sc. (Allaha-bad). Bhuvandram Ratnam B.Sc. (Lond.). Boswall Desmond Arthur. Boyd James Wennington. Burley Mrs. Elsa Anna Cesarina LicenciCe in Chem. (Ghent). Burnham William Ritchie M.Sc. Ph.D. (Dunelm). Butcher George Alfred. Cadwallader Charles John M.A. B.Sc. (Oxon.). Canning Sidney Edward B.Sc. (Lond.). Carter John Anthony B.Sc.(Lond.), A.R.C.S. Chadderton Albert Edward M.1nst.F. Chalmers Robert Keith B.Sc. (Birm.). Cooke Sidney John Harbron B.A. B.Sc. (Oxon.). Cooper Peter Dodd B.Sc. (Lond.). Crane John Rupert B.Sc. (Lond.). Cymerman John B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. D.I.C. Daglish Cyril B.Pharm. (Lond.) Ph.C. Diaper Dennis George Mayhew B.A. (Oxon.). Diggins Arthur Cecil. Dombrowski Max B.Sc. B.Pharm. (Lond.) Ph.C. Duraisamy Samuel Jayasothy B.Sc. (Ceylon). Eade Ronald Arthur M.Sc. (Sydney). Elias Peter Strefen. B.Sc. (Lond.). Fordham William Douglas B.Sc. (Lond.). Freytag Hailes Edward Lawrence B.Sc. (Lond.). Frohnsdorff Colin Herbert B.Sc. (Lond.). Garratt William Charles. Gillespie Ronald James B.Sc. (Lond.). Gordon Manfred M.Sc.(Lond.). Grange Clifford Norman B.Sc. (Birm.). Gruschka John B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.). Gwatkin Geoffrey Hugh Ross B.Sc. (Lond.). Hall Michael Lister B.Sc. (Lond.). Harrison Samuel. Hartley James B.Sc. (Liv.). Hogan John Edwin. Holland Ronald Alfred B.Sc. (Liv.). Iley Ralph B.Sc. (Dunelm). Jack Miss Kathleen Martin B.Sc. Ph.D. (Edin.). Jeffery Norman Howard B.Sc. (Lond.). Johnson Ronald. Kynch Richard Vincent Charles. Lambert John Douglas B.Sc. (Manc.). Levene Hyman Henry Lionel B.Sc. (Lond.). Light Harold Hudson BSc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. Long Alan Gibson. Lowes Leonard. Malcolm Thomas. Mamalis Patrick B.Sc. (Lond.). Marsh Harry B.Sc. (Dunelm). Marshall Robert Pattison. Martin Cyril Maxwell A.A.C.I. Mason Cecil George Willmot M.Sc.(N.Z.) A.M.1.Chem.E. McConnell Alexander McDonald. McDonald Kenneth. McGhie James Francis B.Sc. (Lond.). Miller Norman Robertson BSc.) St. Andrews). Mills Edmund Peter B.Sc. (Lond.). Mitchell Charles Donald B.Sc. (Birm.). Moitra Ganesh Chandra BSc. (Calcutta). Morris Owen BSc. (Birm.). Moyers Percy. Mulvey Joseph Enda M.Sc. Ph.D. (N.U.I.). Munro Frank James Lucien B.Sc. (Glas.). Nath Professor Madhab Chandra D.Sc. (Dacca). Neuhaus John William George A..\.C.I. Nicholson Dennis Clifford. Parekh Vrajlal Mulchand B.Sc.Tech. Ph.D.Tech. (Bombay). Peeling Eric Robert Alfred B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.). Perera Wahalathanthirige Hector B.Sc. (Ceylon). Pickup Arnold B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.). Powell Ronald James.Ramanchandran Bhikshandarkoil Vaidy- anatha MSc. (Madras). Robson Alec B.Sc. (Leeds). Ru sse 11-Eggitt Peter William B. Sc. (Birm.), Sastry Dindulury Subrahmanya BSc. (Benares). Silva Chandana Lucian de B.A .(Cantab.) BSc. (Lond.). Sington Edward Peter Campbell B.A. B.Sc. (Oxon.). Sitaraman. Professor Mayabaram Vesu-deva M.A. (Madras). Smart Jack B.Sc.. (Birm.). Smith George Eric. Srinivasan Kumbakonam Rangachari, M.A. (Madras). Stalley John Charles B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. Stephens William Arthur. Stewart Malcolm Gordon B.Sc. (Lond.). Stokes Robert Harold M.Sc. (N.Z.). Stubbs Frederick John B.Sc. (Wales). Sundara Rao Appadvedula Lakshmi. DSc. (Andhra). Tapadar Dinesh Chandra MSc. (Calcutta). Thatcher Thomas Frederick B.Sc.(Wales). Thompson Raymond. Thruston Mervyn Nisbet BSc. (Lond.). Tremaine John Frederick B.Sc. (Lond.). Udupa Handady Venkata Krishna M.A. M.Sc. (Madras). Vyas Arvindroy Savailal B.Sc.Tech. (Bombay). Waters David John. Welch Geoffrey Arthur B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. White Albert William B.Sc. (Lond.). Williams Miss Doreen Margaret B.Sc. (Lond.) . Williams Trevor Illtyd B.A. B.Sc. D.Phil. (Oxon.). Wilson Jack McCreath BSc. (Lond.). Wood Peter Alexander M.A. (Oxon.). Wray John Clifford. Re-elected Associates Black Munro David B.Sc. (Glas.). Martin Reginald Ernest Semple M.A. Gage John Charles B.Sc. (Lond.). (Oxon.) BSc. (Lond.). Southall Colin Lambert B.Sc. (Birm.) Allen Graham. Anderson Dennis.Baker Guy Houghton. Baker Miss Helen Nelson. Ballinger Philip John. Barber Edward George. Baxter Andrew. Beck Marten Gordon. Beckett Ronald George. Beecham Peter Thomas. Berry Ronald. Beswjck James William. Boden Donald. Booth Peter Rowson. Boyd William Ian. Bradley Gilbert. Broadribb Raymond Albert. Bromilow Geoffrey Taylor. Brooks Norman. Brown Gordon. Brown Miss Hilda Marjory. Bruce Miss Sheila Mary Alice. Bunce Bernard Ernest. Calvete Louis Gerald. Camm Frederick Allen. Carver Arthur Joseph. New Students Chamberlain Gordon Terry. Clarke Alfred Charles. Clayton John. Clegg Arthur Alan Johnstone. Collins John Samuel. Cork Frank. Cottrell Geoffrey. Culshaw Thomas Peter. Cuthbert Cyril.Davis Reginald Albert. Davis Robert Douglas. Dickinson Derek William. Dolphin Charles Victor. Dunsmuir James Henry. Fewster John Noel. Fielding Miss Marie Winifred. Fletcher John Bernard. Francis Albert Raymond. Frearson Donald. Frith Herbert Alan. Gardner Raymond George. Gibbins Robert. Giles Alan Frederick. Hackett Clarence Bertram. Hallas Dennis George. Harold William Henry. [ 269 1 Harvey John Ernest. Piper bliss Iris Evelyn. Heaton Robert. Pott Leslie. Henderson Kenneth Murray. Pruchnie Ellis. Herian Miss Barbara Joan. Randle John Noel. Hill Derek Alfred Wheeler. Raven Thomas William. Hinson Leyton William. Rimmer David Alan. Hislop John. Robbins Derek. Hogg Kenneth John. Saville Herbert Radley.Ison Ronald. Sheppard Malcolm Frederick. Jeffery Ernest Richard. Smith Cecil Raymond Humphrey. Jeffrey David. Stross Peter Sigmund. Jones Elwyn. Stubbings Leslie \f.’alter Frederick. Kitching John Metcalf. Thompson Miss Sybil Staveley. Laidler William Pattison. Toogood Kenneth Harrison. Leese Cecil Leslie. Twilley Ian Charles. Liggins Tom. Vidler William. MacDougall Alastair Stirling. Wain Brian Jack. Mallin James Henry. Wakefield Reginald. McKnight Roy Frank. Wall George. McNab John Crombie. IVeller Kenneth Douglas. Millar John Robert. Wells Miss Margaret Amy. Mitchell Roy Henry. \Tells Norman. Mockridge John. Whalley George Raymond. Morley Charles William. Whitehurst George. Noble John Arthur. \Ticker George Leonard.Osborn Eric Michael. Wilman William Gavin. Parker John Colin. Wyllie George. DEATHS Fellows Frederick Shelburne Bayley. William McDonnell Mackey. John Don M.A. (-4berd.) B.Sc. (Lond.). John William Pooley B.Sc. (Lond.). John Masson Gulland M.A.(Oxon.) D.Sc. Frank Sheddon B.Sc. (Lond.). (Edin.) Ph.D. (St. Andrews) F.R.S. Frederick Farey Shelley M.P.S. John Baker Cannington Kershaw. James Smith. Christopher Lamburne M.A. (Oxon.). Associates Henry Adams. Rarradale Whiddon Melhuish BSc. Arthur Handel Eastwood B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) Ph.C. (Leeds). Kohitish Chandra Mukherji M.Sc. (Cal-Edgar Heaton B.Sc. Ph.D. (Leeds). cutta). Donald Helmsley Hewitt B.A. (Cantab.). Manickam Partha Sarathy. Herbert Inman. Nagendra Nath Sen -Gupta M.Sc. (Dunelm).Registered Student Harold Thomas Naughtin. OBITUARY HEKRYADAMSdied in January 1947 in his 47th year. He received his training at University College Nottingham and in 1918 was accepted for a commission in the Royal Artillery. On his release in 1919 he began studies in medicine and dentistry at University College Nottingham but was obliged to abandon these for family reasons. In 1928 he was appointed Assistant Chemist at the Colwick Factory of the British Sugar Corporation and in 1940 became an Experimental Assistant at the Royal Ordnance Factory at Nottingham. In 1944 he took up work with the Keighley Laboratories Ltd. and in the following year set up in private practice as a consultant. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1944.[ 2701 GEORGETHOMAS BYRNEdied during internment in Stanley Camp Hong Kong in his 59th year. He graduated BSc. with first class honours in the University of Manchester in 1908 and MSc. in 1911. After two years as research assistant to Dr. (now Sir) Robert Pickard at Blackburn he was appointed Science Master at St. Mary’s School Cairo where he remained for four years until 1914 when he proceeded to Jamaica to become Science Master first at Wolmer’s School and in 1917 at Munro College. In 1919 he was appointed to the Chair of Chemistry at the University of Hong Kong where he remained until the Japanese invasion. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1923 and a Fellow in 1930. HARRY CALVERT THORNTON died on 23 September 1947 in his 70th year.He received his professional training at the Yorkshire College (now the University of Leeds) and graduated in 1898. He was awarded an 1851 Exhibition and went to Leipzig to study under Ostwald and Drude being awarded the degree of Ph.D. in 1901. After a short period as Demonstrator at the University of Leeds he took up an appointment as Chemist to Reckitt & Sons Hull. In 1903 he became Chemist to the \Vest Hiding of Yorkshire Rivers Board and problems of water supply and sanitation were henceforth his chief interest. He was awarded the degree of D.Sc. of the University of Leeds in 1915. In 1920 Calvert was appointed Chemical Inspector to the Ministry of Health in London and in 1927 took on the additional task of directing water pollution research under the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.In 1944 he received the Kenneth Allen award of the American Federation of Sewage Works Associations. From 1916 to 1919 he was with the Department of Explosives Supply of the Ministry of Munitions and was awarded the M.B.E. for his services. On the outbreak of war in 1939 he was seconded to the Ministry of Supply as Deputy Controller of Sulphuric Acid and continued in this post until he retired early in the present year. While with the Rivers Board he collaborated with Rlaclean Wilson in writing Trade Waste Waters Their Nature and Disposal. He became an Associate of the Institute in 1899 and a Fellow in 1904. WALTER CARTERdied on 27 July 1947 in his 80th year. CHARLES He received his early education at Merchant Taylors’ School and his professional training at Finsbury Technical College under the late Professor Meldola.In 1888 he entered the chemical manure and vitriol works of Richardson Bros. & Co. Belfast as a Chemist. He went to the McGill College Canada in 1902 and some time prior to 1905 became an analyst to the Dominion Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. (later the Dominion Steel & Coal Corporation Ltd.) Sydney Nova Scotia remaining there until his retirement in 1938. When the appointment of Honorary Local Secretaries (now Honorary Corresponding Secretaries) of the Institute was begun in 1909 Carter was appointed for Nova Scotia and he continued to serve in this capacity up to the time of his death. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1894 and a Fellow in 1897.ARTHURHANDELEASTWOOD died on 21 October 1947 in his 41st year. After receiving his early education at Holy Trinity School and Heath Grammar School Halifax he entered the University of Leeds in 1925 graduating B.Sc. with first class honours in Gas Engineering in 1928 and Ph.D. in 1931. From 1929 to 1931 he held the Gas Research Fellowship of the Institution of Gas Engineers at the Uni- versity. In the latter year he was appointed Research Assistant to the Liquor Effluents and Ammonia Committee of the Institution of Gas Engineers. In I936 he was transferred to the staff of the Joint Research Committee of the Institution of Gas Engineers and the University of Leeds and in 1944 succeeded Dr. A.Key in charge of this work and as Research Chemist to the Liquor Effluents and Ammonia Committee. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1938. JOHN MASSON GULLANDwas killed in a railway accident on 36 October 1947 in his 50th year. Educated at the Edinburgh Academy he served as Second Lieut.. R.E. 1917-19 and then entered the University of Edinburgh and graduated BSc. in 1921 and later D.Sc. He also carried out research in organic chemistry at the Universities of St. Andrews (Ph.D.) and at Manchester holding Carnegie Research Scholarships in 1922 and 1923. He was University demonstrator in chemistry in the University of Oxford from 1924 to 1931 and Lecturer in Chemistry at Balliol College 1926-31 being awarded the M.A. degree. In 1931 he became Senior Assistant in Biochemistry at the Lister Institute and in the following year Reader in Biochemistry in the University of London holding these appointments until 1936 when he succeeded F.S. Kipping as Sir Jesse 1271 1 Boot Professor and Head of the Department of Chemistry at University College Nottingham. During the recent war he acted as Senior Gas Adviser to the North Midland Region Ministry of Home Security 1939-43 and as Assistant Director of Chemical Research and Development Ministry of Supply 1943-44. In 1947 he was appointed Director of Research to the Institute of Brewing and was preparing to take up this work at the time of his death. His research work embodied in numerous papers published in scientific journals covered a wide field of organic chemistry and biochemistry and the importance of these contributions to the advancement of science was recognised by his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1945.He had previously become a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His active interest in the affairs of scientific societies was shown by his service as Honorary Secretary of the Chemical Society 1933-36 and Honorary Secretary (1932-34) and Recorder (1935-37) of Section B (Chemistry) of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1939 and served as a member of Council from 1944 to 1946. EDGAR HEATONdied on 25 October 1947 in his 30th year. He received his early education at the Scarborough Boys’ High School and proceeded to the University of Leeds in 1935 graduating B.Sc.with first class honours in Gas Engineering in 1939 and Ph.D. in 1943. He remained at the University until 1944 firstly as Smithells Scholar and then as Research Assistant under the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. In 1944 he was appointed Research Assistant to the British Refractories Research Association and was engaged in the study of the behaviour of refractory materials in the carbonising industry. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1946. HERBERTINMAN died early in 1947 in his 69th year. Educated at Woodbridge Grammar School he received his scientific training at the City and Guilds Technical College Finsbury where he obtained the Diploma of the College.After two years as Works Chemist to the Associated Portland Cement Manufacturers he was appointed in 1905 to take charge of the London Laboratory of Robert W. Hunt & Co. In 1915 he proceeded to the Federated Malay States as Government Chemist in the Public Works Department. In 1917 he became Research Chemist to the Paya Besar Rubber Estate Malaya and in 1920 Chief Chemist to the Katni Cement and Industrial Co. Ltd. in India. He returned to Robert W. Hunt & Co. in 1924 as Chief Chemist in their Brussels Laboratory. He came back to England in 1928 and after a year as Chemist to the National Farmers’ Union was appointed Assistant to T. H. Reeks Consulting Chemist where he remained until the closing of the laboratory. In 1941 he was appointed Assistant in the laboratories of Frederick Boehm Ltd.at Beaconsfield. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1931. JOHN BAKER CANNINGTON died on 25 November 1943 in his 82nd year. KERSHAW He studied chemistry at Owens College-now the University-Manchester under Roscoe and Schorlemmer and subsequently took up an appointment at Sutton Lodge Chemical Works St. Helens where he remained for twelve years becoming Chief Chemist and Assistant Works Manager. After three years’ further study in this country and at Bonn he returned to London in 1895 as Research Chemist with S. Cowper Coles. Later he established a private practice in Liverpool specialising in fuel testing and devoting himself to advocating the more scientific use of fuel in works and factories.He retired in 1933. He contributed many articles on fuel to technical journals and was the author of the articles on Industrial Electrochemistry and Electrometallurgy in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1922 edition) and with W. H. Booth of Fuel Economy and Smoke Prevention and The Recovery and Use of Industrial and Other Wastes. He passed the Examination for the Associateship of the Institute in 1887 and was elected a Fellow in 1895. WILLIAM MACKEY MCDONNELL died on 3 October 1947 in his 88th year. He received his training in chemistry at Anderson’s College-now the University- Glasgow and subsequently became engaged in metallurgical work with the Maryport Iron Works the Appleby Iron Works the Frodingham Iron Works and the Sutton Copper Works St.Helens before setting up in private practice as a consultant. He retired in 1937. Throughout his life he took a great interest in the profession of chemistry. He was one of the founders of the Leeds Area Section of the Institute and an original member (1891) of the Yorkshire Section of the Society of Chemical Industry. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1888 and served as a Member of Council from 1922 to 1926. r 272 1 FREDERICK ALFRED MASON died on 19 September 1947 in his 60th year. Educated at the Merchant Taylors’ School he proceeded to St. John’s College Oxford as a Sir Thomas White Scholar in 1907 and graduated M.A. with first class honours in chemistry in 1909. He was Senior Scholar of the College from 1910 to 1914.In 1910 he went to the University of Munich and was awarded the degree of Ph.D. mugna cum laude in 1912. From 1912 to 1914 he carried out investigations under W. H. Perkin at the Universities of Manchester and Oxford. In 1914 he became Demonstrator in the Chemistry Department of the Royal College of Science London and while there he carried out numerous investigations for the Ministry of Munitions and other Government Departments and for the French Government. In 1916 he ’oined the research staff of British Dyes Ltd. (later the British Dyestuffs Corporation). krom 1926 to 1931 he was Lecturer in Dyestuffs and Tinctorial Chemistry at the College of Technology University of Manchester. He helped to edit the Colour Index of the Society of Dyers and Colourists in 1927 and was the author of articles in Thorpe’s Dictionary of Applied Chemistry and in scientific journals.Mason was appointed to the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Education in 1931 and was promoted to Staff Inspector of Chemistry in 1935. He served as H.M. Inspector in Yorkshire 1931-1938 and in Devonshire and Cornwall 1938-46 and during these periods was Chemistry Specialist Inspector for the North and North-Eastern Divisions and the South-West and Metropolitan Divisions respectively. At the time of his death he was the senior representative of the Ministry on the Joint Committee with the Institute on all matters concerning National Certificates in Chemistry. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1922. JOHN WILLIAM died in November 1945 in his 51st year.POOLEY He received his general education at Reigate Grammar School and his scientific training at King’s College London where he graduated B.Sc. in 1915. He then engaged on work for the High Explosives Committee of the Ministry of Munitions and in 1916 became Assistant Chemist at Kingsnorth Airship Station. After a few months as Oil Chemist to Alexander Duckham & Co. he was appointed in 1919 Temporary Assistant in the Government Laboratory. He was promoted to the permanent staff of the Labora- tory in 1921 and at the time of his death was one of the Senior Chemists and was in charge of the Ad Valorem Duties Section. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1919 and a Fellow in 1940. MANICKAMPARTHA is presumed to have lost his life by enemy action at sea SARATHY in 1941.He was in his 43rd year. He attended classes at Rutherford Technical College Newcastle upon Tyne for a short time while employed as a Junior Chemist at the Gateshead works of Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth 62 Co. Ltd. In 1923 he was appointed Senior Assistant Chemist to the Mysore Iron Works and in 1929 Senior Chemist to the North-Western Railway in the Punjab. In 1937 he returned to England on study leave and entered University College Nottingham where he remained until 1941. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1941. FRANK died on 29 September 1947 in his 71st year. SHEDDEN He received his training at Mason College-now the University of Birmingham- and graduated B.Sc. of the University of London.In 1899 he was appointed Research Chemist in the Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories where he remained until 1905 when he became engaged in teaching. In 1910 he joined the staff of Courtaulds Ltd. becoming Senior Chemist. He retired in 1941. He passed the Examination for the Associateship of the Institute in 1900 and was elected a Fellow in 1905. FREDERICK SHELLEY FAREY died on 18 June 1947 in his 84th year. He received his training in Australia before coming to England to continue his studies at the Birkbeck Institute Finsbury Technical School the Sir John Cass Institute and King’s College London. He was for some years Assistant to the late William Chattaway at Apothecaries’ Hall and subsequently held the positions of Analyst to the Society of Apothecaries and Gas Examiner to the Boroughs of Chiswick Twickenham Acton and Hanwell.He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1909. ALBERT SHERLOCK died on 21 September 1947 in his 54th year. In 1908 he entered the Laboratory of Pilkington Bros. St. Helens as an Analyst while attending courses at St. Helens Municipal Technical College and Widnes Technical t 273 1 College. He remained with Pilkington Rros. until the time of his death becoming successively Senior Analyst and Assistant to the Head Chemist Head Analyst and Manager of the Central Laboratory For many years he was a part-time Lecturer in inorganic and physical chemistry and the chemistry of glass manufacture at St. Helens Municipal Technical College and published papers on problems connected with glass manufacture.He was the joint owner with Pilkington Bros. of patents on the same subjects. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1945. COMING EVENTS The following list has been compiled from the latest information available. Thes Institute cannot hold itself responsible for its accuracy or for changes that may be made of which it may receive no notification. 1948 January 2 THE INSTITUTE (Belfast and District Section) “A Chemical Christmas Tree.” Lecture and Demonstration for School Children. Dr. C. L. Wilson in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre Queen’s University Belfast at 3 p.m. 5 SOCIETY (London Section) “Some Scientific Aspects of OF CHEMICALINDUSTRY Beer.” hir. H. J. Bunker in the Chemical Society’s Rooms Burlington House Piccadilly London W.1 at 6.30 p.m. 6 THE INSTITUTE (Huddersfield Section) “Recent Developments in Partition Chromatography on Paper.” Dr. R. R. Goodall. INSTITUTE (Manchester and District Branch) “Automatic Welding.” OF WELDING Mr. S. W.Carpenter in the Reynolds Hall Manchester College of Technology at 7 p.m. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (Scottish Section) Mr. J. H. Carrington in the Chamber of Commerce Rooms 25 Charlotte Square Edinburgh at 7 p.m. ELECTRODEPOSITORS’ SOCIETY TECHNICAL (Midlands Centre) “Dyeing of Anodised Aluminium.” Mr. K. Langford at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3. 8 CHEMICAL Scientific Meeting in the Society’s Rooms Burlington House SOCIETY Piccadilly London W.l at 7.30 p.m.OF CHEMICALINDUSTKY SOCIETY SOCIETY (Manchester Section) the CHEMICAL and the INSTITUTE (Manchester and District Section) “Crystallisation of Fertilisers.” Dr. M. P. Applebey M.B.E. in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University Manchester at 6.30 p.m. INSTITUTE OF METALS “Silver.” 17r. I,. €3 Hunt at 4 Grosvenor Gardens London S.W.l at 7 p.m. 9 OILAND COLOUR ASSOCIATION CHEMISTS’ (Manchester Section) “Further Develop- ments in Styrene Co-polymers.” Messrs. F. Armitage and J. J. Sleightholme, at the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester 2 at 2 p.m. INSTITUTE PLASTICS (North-Western Section) “Contact Resins.” Mr. J. M. V. Estevez at the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester 2 at 6.45 p.m.INSTITUTION THE RUBBER INDUSTRY OF (Leicester Section) “Libraries and the Handling of Technical Information in the Rubber Industry.” Mr. G. A. Shires at the Bell Hotel Humberstone Gate Leicester at 7.30 p.m. 12 THE INSTITUTE (Hull and District Section) “Forensic Science.” Dr. F. G. Tryhorn at the Royal Station Hotel Hull at 7 p.m. THE INSTITUTE (Leeds Area Section) ‘‘Electrostatic Hazards in Chemical Industry.” Professor E. G. Cox in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University of Leeds at 6.30 p.m. ASSOCIATION OIL AND COLOURCHEMISTS’ “Some Chemical Aspects of Anti-Fouling Work” Ik. H. Barnes; “Some Biological Aspects of Anti-Fouling Work” hlr. K. -1.€’yefinch at the Welfare Club Messrs. British Paints Portland Road Newcastlc upon Tyne at 6.30 p.m.274 I lanuary OF PETROLEUM 12 INSTITUTE (Northern Branch) At the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester 2 at 6 p.m. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (Midland Section) “Man-made Fibres in Tyre Casings.” Dr. J. W. Illingworth at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3 at 7.15 p.m. (Belfast and District Section) “Food and the Chemist.” Dr. A. M. 13 THEINSTITUTE Maiden in the Agriculture Lecture Theatre Elmwood Avenue Belfast at 7.30 p.m. OF INSTRUMENT (North-West Section) “Some Impressions SOCIETY TECHNOLOGY of Modern American Instrumentation.” hlr. J. Young at the College of L\. Technology Manchester at 7.15 p.m. INSTITUTION CHEMICAL “Detergency.” Mr. B. Edginton. in the OF ENGINEERS Rooms of the Geological Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W.1 at 6.30 p.m. 14 INSTITVTEPETROLEUM OF “Polythene.” Mr. J. C. Swallow at Manson House 26 Portland Place London W.1 at 5.30 p.m. OF ENCJKEERS INSTITUTIONSTRUCTURAL (Lancashire and Cheshire Branch) “Manufacture and Uses of Asbestos-Cement Materials.” Mr. T. S. Drinkwater at the College of Technology Manche<ter at 7 p.m. SOCIETYOF DYERSAND COLOURISTS (Xorthern Ireland Section) “The Hydro- sulphites-their Preparations Properties and Textile Applications.” Messrs. G. Brearley and J. Starkie in the Queen’s Hotel Belfast at 7.30 p.m. INSTITUTEFUEL(North-Western Section) Joint meeting with the National OF Smoke Abatement Society “Urmston District Heating Scheme.” Mr.Hancock in the Lower Albert Hall Peter Street Manchester at 2.30 p.m. INSTITUTION INDUSTRY OF THE RUBBER (West of England Section) at the George Hotel Trowbridge at 7.45 p.m. INSTITUTION OF THE RUBBER INDUSTRY (Southern Section) at the Polygon Hotel Southampton at 7.15 p.m. PLASTICS INSTITUTE (Western Section) “Plastics and Textiles.” Mr. E. V. Giles at Bristol at 6.30 p.m. 15 THE INSTITUTE (Bristol and South-\Vestern Counties Section) “Recent Develop- ments in the Use of Organic Reagents in Chemical Analysis.” Mr. G. H. Osborn in the Chemical Department The University Woodland Road Bristol at 5.30 p.m. ROYALPHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY(Scientific and Technical Group) “Some New Apparatus-A Critical Review.” Mr. J. L. French at 16 Prince’s Gate London S.W.7 at 7 p.m.PLASTICS (London and District Section) “Optical Plastics,” at the INSTITUTE Waldorf Hotel Aldwych London W.C.2. ~NSTITUTIONOF MININGAND METALLURGY: General nleeting in the Rooms of the Geological Society Burlington House Piccadilly London tl’.1 at 4.15 p.m. 16 The Institute Meldola Medal Lecture:,,“The Role of Ion-Solvent Interactions in the Theory of Strong Electrolytes. Mr. R. H. Stokes Meldola Medallist in the Rooms of the Chemical Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W.l at 6 p.m. INSTITUTE (Manchester and District Branch) “The Cloud Chamber.” OF PHYSICS Dr. J. G. Wilson in the New Physics Theatre University of Manchester at 7 p.m. PAPER “Some Factors Affecting the Application of Dye- MAKERS’ASSOCIATION stuffsto Paper.” Mr.I;.North at the Engineers’ Club Rlanchester 2 at 7 p.m. 19 CHEMICAL SOCIETY:Joint meeting with University College of Swansea Students’ Chemical Society “The Physical Chemistry of Some Vacuum Metallurgical Processes.” Dr. P. Gross at University College Swansea. ELECTRODEPOSITORS’ SOCIETY TECHNICAL “Paints on Metallic Surfaces.” Mr. R. C. L. Eveleigh at the Northampton Polytechnic St. John Street Clerkenwell London E.C. 1. 20 THE INSTITUTE (Tees-side Section) “The Chemical and Biochemical Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” Professor J. W. Cook F.R.S. [ 3751 January 20 SOCIETYOF CHEMICALINDUSTRY (Agriculture Group) “Recent Studies in the Composition of Milk.” Dr.S. J. Rowland in the Chemistry Department Royal College of Science South Kensington London S.W.7 at 2.30 p.m. SOCIETYOF CHEMICALINDUSTRY (Chemical Engineering Group) “Abrasion Erosion and Corrosion.” Professor C. H. Desch F.R.S. in the Rooms of the Geological Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W. 1 at 5.30 p.m. INSTITUTION OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY (Scottish Section) Joint meeting with the Society of Dyers and Colourists “The Colouring of Rubber.” Mr. J. Haworth at the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland Elmbank Crescent Glasgow at 7 p.m. IMPERIAL AND TECHNOLOGY: COLLEGEOF SCIENCE “The Properties and Applica- tions of Sintered-oxide Refractories” (open lecture). Professor A. L. Roberts in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Prince Consort Road London S.W.7 at 4.30 p.m.21 IRISH CHEMICAL ASSOCIATION, THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY and THE INSTITUTE (Dublin Section) “Santonin.” Professor W. Cocker in the Department of Chemistry Trinity College Dublin at 7.30 p.m. SOCIETYOF DYERSAND COLOURISTS (Midlands Section) “Non-Textile Uses of Dyestuffs.” Mr. G. C. Grundy at the King’s Head Hotel Loughborough at 7 p.m. PLASTICS (Yorkshire Section) “Casein Plastics Past and Future.” INSTITUTE Mr. S. H. Pinner at St. Mark’s House 186 Woodhouse Lane Leeds. 22 THE INSTITUTE (Edinburgh and East of Scotland Section) Joint meeting with the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry “Some Recent Developments in Alkaloid Chemistry.” Dr. H. T. Openshaw in the North British Station Hotel Edinburgh at 7.30 p.m.THEINSTITUTE (East Midlands Section) “The Chemotherapy of Cancer.” Dr. E. Boyland at the College of Technology Leicester at 7.15 p.m. THE INSTITUTE (Liverpool and North-Western Section) Annual Social. Dinner at 6 p.m. at Liverpool. CHEMICAL SOCIETY:Tilden Lecture “Acetylene and Acetylenic Compounds in Organic Synthesis.” Professor E. R. H. Jones in the Society’s Rooms Bur-lington House Piccadilly London W.l at 7.30 p.m. : CHEMICAL SOCIETY “Some Aspects of Aromatic Substitution.” Professor Brynmor Jones in the Chemical Lecture Theatre University College, Nottingham at 6 p.m. OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS SOCIETY (West Riding Section) “The Formation of Polymers in Wool.” Professor J.B. Speakman at the Great Northern Victoria Hotel Bradford at 7.15 p.m. 23 THE INSTITUTE (Aberdeen and North of Scotland Section) Demonstrations of Current Research Work in the Chemistry Department University of Aberdeen. MIDLAND CHEMISTS COMMITTEE “Applications of Infra-red Spectroscopy.” Dr. H. W. Thompson at the University Edmund Street Birmingham at 6.30 p.m. INSTITUTE METALS (jointly with Sheffield Society of Engineers and Metal- OF lurgists) “Some Metallurgical Problems in the Field of Atomic Energy.” Mr. E. W. Colbeck at the Royal Victoria Hotel Sheffield at 6.15 p.m. LITERARY SOCIETY 26 MANCHESTER AND PHILOSOPHICAL Joule Memorial Lecture. “Determinism in the Physical World.” Sir George P. Thomson F.R.S. at Reynolds Hall College of Technology Manchester at 5.30 p.m.INSTITUTE OF PLASTICS (North-Western Section) and INSTITUTION THE RUBBER INDUSTRY (Manchester Section) “Polymer Progress.” Messrs. N. J. L. Megson and G. L. Hammond at the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester 2 at 6.45 p.m. 27 SOCIETYOF DYERSAND COLOURISTS (Scottish Section) “What Research has meant to the Practical Dyer and what it will mean.” Mr. J. Boulton at the St. Enoch Hotel Glasgow at 7 p.m. SOCIETY (Leeds Junior Branch) “Modern Methods in OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS Tar Distilling.” Mr. D. W. Milner in the Colour Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University Leeds at 4 p.m. [ 276 1 January 28 THE INSTITUTE (Cardiff and District and South Wales Sections) “Dithizone and Trace-metal Analysis.” Dr.H. M. L. Irving at the Mining and Technical Institute Bridgend at 6.15 p.m. SOCIETY INDUSTRY OF CHEMICAL (Liverpool Section) “Water-A National Asset” (Jubilee Memorial Lecture). Mr. H. W. Cremer in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University of Liverpool at 6.30 p.m. ROYAL SOCIETY OF ARTS “Recent Progress in the Making of Precision Instru- ments.” Mr. A. J. Philpot C.B.E. at the Royal Society of Arts John Adam Street Adelphi London W.C.2 at 2.30 p.m. MANCHESTERMETALLURGICAL “Some Metallurgical Aspects of Jointing SOCIETY Non-ferrous Materials.” Mr. E. Davis at the Engineers’ Club Manchester 2 at 6.30 p.m. LITERARY SOCIETY MANCHESTER AND PHILOSOPHICAL (Chemical Section) Meeting in the Portico Library 57 Mosley Street Manchester at 5.30 p.m.29 THE INSTITUTE (Manchester and District Section) Joint meeting with the Chemical Society and Society of Chemical Industry “Nitration by Mixtures of Nitric and Sulphuric Acids.“ Dr. G. M. Bennett F.R.S. at the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester 2 at 7 p.m. CHEMICALSOCIETY: Joint meeting with University College of N. Wales Chemical Society “Reactions of the Ethylene Bond.” Professor D. H. Hey in the Department of Chemistry University College of N. Wales Bangor at 5.30 p.m. CHEMICAL SOCIETY:Joint meeting with the University Chemical Society “Stero- chemical Regularities in Catalytic Reactions.” Dr. R. P. Linstead C.B.E. F.R.S. in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University Western Bank Sheffield at 5.30 p.m. ANALYSTS CHEMISTS (Biological SOCIETYOF PUBLIC AND OTHER ANALYTICAL Methods Group jointly with Physical Methods Group) Symposium on Methods of Assaying Penicillin in Barnes Hall Royal Society of Medicine 1 Wimpole Street London W.1 at 2.30 p.m.OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (Leicester Section) Discussion Group in the Lecture Rooms College of Arts and Technology Leicester at 7.30 p.m. 30 THEINSTITUTE (Glasgow and West of Scotland Section) “Physical Chemistry of Milk Drying.” Dr. R. Waite at the Royal Technical College Glasgow C.l at 7.15 p.m. THEINSTITUTE (Sheffield Sqpth Yorkshire and North Midlands Section) “Science and the World Situation. Mr. N. S. Hubbard at the Royal Victoria Hotel Sheffield at 7 p.m. MIDLAND CHEMISTSCOMMITTEE(Chemical Society) “Recent Developments in the Application of Infra-Red Spectroscopy to Chemical Problems.” Dr.G. B. B. M. Sutherland in the Main Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University Edgbaston Birmingham at 4.30 p.m. CHEMICAL SOCIETY:Joint meeting with Hull Section Oil and Colour Chemists’ Association and the University College Scientific Society “Phthalocyanines and Related Recent Developments in Pigments.” Dr. R. P. Linstead C.B.E. F.R.S. at University College Hull at 6 p.m. CHEMICAL SOCIETY:Joint meeting with the University College of Wales Chemical Society “Some Recent Advances in the Theory of Polymerisation.” Professor D. H. Hey in the Department of Chemistry University College of Wales Aberystwyth at 5 p.m. BEDSONCLUB “Antibiotics.” Professor G.Chain F.K.S. at King’s College Newcastle upon Tyne at 5.30 p.m. STATISTICAL MANCHESTER SOCIETY (Industrial Group) “The Applications of Statistical Methods in Industrial Chemistry.” Mr. K. A. Brownlee at the Textile Institute St. Mary’s Parsonage Manchester at 6.45 p.m. February OF CHEMICALINDUSTRY 2 SOCIETY (London Section jointly with the Road and Building Materials Group) “Recent Advances in Building Some Chemical Aspects.” Dr. T. W. Parker in the Chemical Society’s Rooms Burlington House Piccadilly London W.l at 6.30 p.m. [ 277 1 February 2 THE INSTITUTE (Bristol and South-Western Counties Section) “The Elucidation of the Structure of Penicillin.” Professor W. Baker F.R.S. at Exeter. ROYALSOCIETY OF ARTS Cantor Lecture “The Metabolism of Fats.” Dr.A. C. Frazer at the Royal Society of Arts John Adam Street Adelphi London W.C.2 at 4.30 p.m. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY 3 INSTITUTION (Scottish Section) at Edinburgh. TECHNICAL ELECTRODEPOSITORS’ SOCIETY (Midlands Centre) “The Electro-deposition of Speculum,” Dr. J. W. Cuthbertson; “Practical Aspects of Speculum Plating,” Mr. W. H. Sawyer at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3. 4 THE INSTITUTE (Dublin Section) “Blood Examination in Forensic Medicine.” Dr. J. McGrath in the Chemical Department Trinity College Dublin at 7.30p.m. 6 THE INSTITUTE (Liverpool and Korth-Western Section) “Some Reflections of a Public Analyst.” Mr. H. Lowe at Chester at 7 p.m. CHEMICAL Scientific meeting in the Society’s Rooms Burlington House SOCIETY Piccadilly London MT.1 at 7.30 p.m. INSTITUTEMETALS “Modern Developments in Hardenability Testing.” Dr. OF W. Steven at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3 at 6.30 p.m. 6 THE INSTITUTE (Huddersfield Section) Lecture. Dr. H. Baines. OF CHEMICAL (Chemical Engineering Group jointly with the SOCIETY INDUSTRY Glasgow Section) “The Manufacture of Explosive Substances.” Mr. A. G. White at Glasgow. INSTITUTION ENGINEERS OF CHEMICAL (North-Western Branch) Annual General Meeting. “Coal Utilisation.” Dr. D. T. A. Townend at the College of Technology Manchester at 3 p.m. SOCIETY (London Section) “Dry Cleaning Processes.” OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS Mr.S. C. Turner at the Rooms of the Chemical Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W.l at 6 p.m. 7 SOCIETYOF CHEMICALINDUSTRY (jointly with the Institution of Chemical Engineers and the Chemical Engineering Group) Lecture. Mr. E. J. Stephens at Liverpool. 9 THE INSTITUTE (Leeds Area Section) “The Mechanism of Oxidation-Reduction Reactions.” Professor M. G. Evans F.R.S. in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University Leeds at 6.30 p.m. CHEMICAL Joint meeting with University College of Swansea Chemical SOCIETY Scciety “Free Radical Reactions in Hydrocarbon Chemistry.” Dr. C. E. H Bawn at University College Swansea at 6 p.m. OF ARTS Cantor Lecture “Fats in the Life of the Xation.” Sir ROYALSOCIETY Jack Drummond at the Royal Society of Arts John Adam Street Adelphi London W.C.2 at 4.30 p.m.OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (Midland Section) Symposium “Colour in the Rubber Industry” “Physics and Measurement of Colour” (Miss M. D. Gauntlett); “Technology of Colour” (Mr. J. Haworth); “Use and Abuse of Colour” (Mr. T. E. H. Gray). At the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3 at 7.15 p.m. 10 SOCIETY INDUSTRY OF CHEMICAL (Northern Ireland Section). Annual General Meeting. 11 INSTITUTEPETROLEUM OF “Aerial Photography and Exploration for Oil.” Dr. Ir. N. J. M. Taverne at Manson House 26 Portland Place London W.l at 5.30 p.m. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (West of England Section) At the George Hotel Trowbridge at 7.45 p.m. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (Southern Section)..At the Polygon Hotel Southampton at 7.15 p.m. [ 278 ] Fcbruary 12 THEINSTITUTE (Edinburgh and East of Scotland Section) Joint meeting with the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry “The Chemistry of Rumination.” Dr. James Stewart at the North British Station Hotel Edin- burgh at 7.30 p.m. “The Formation of Ethylenic Polymers.” Professor H. W. CHEMICALSOCIETY Melville F.R.S. in the Chemical Department The University Woodland Road Bristol at 6.30 p.m. CHEMICAL SOCIETY Joint meeting with the University Chemical Society “The Factors Influencing Radical Reactions in Solution .” Professor M. G. Evans F.R.S. in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University Western Bank Sheffield at 5.30 p.m.BRITISHASSOCIATIONOF CHEMISTS (Liverpool Section) Scientific Film Show in the Gas Company’s Theatre Radiant House Bold Street Liverpool at 7 p.m. OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS SOCIETY (West Riding Section) “An Investigation into the Practical Aspects of the Absorption of Acid and Chrome Dyes by Wool.” Mr. G. H. Lister at the Great Northern Victoria Hotel Bradford at 7.15 p.m. ROYALPHOTOGRAPHIC (Scientific and Technical Group) “The Importance SOCIETY of Illumination in Photo-Micrography.” Mr. R. McV. Weston at 16 Prince’s Gate London S.W.7 at 7 p.m. OF : INSTITUTE METALS “Metallurgical Problems of Importance in Aircraft.” Dr. H. Sutton at 4 Grosvenor Gardens London S.W.l at 7 p.m. 13 MIDLANDCHEMISTS COMMITTEE(The Institute Birmingham and Midlands Section) “The Tools of Paint Research.” Dr.S. H. Bell at the Technical College Wolverhampton at 6.30 p.m. INSTITUTE PLASTICS (North-Western Section) “Expanded Plastics.” Mr. S. R. Turner at the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester 2. INSTITUTION ENGINEERS, OF CHEMICAL jointly with the Low Temperature Group of the PHYSICAL Symposium “Developments in the Industrial Produc- SOCIETY tion and Use of Gaseous Oxygen.” In London (subject to confirmation). BIOCHEMICAL Meeting in Tlrestminster Hospital Medical School. SOCIETY 14 THE INSTITUTE (Tees-side Section) jointly with the Newcastle Section Society of Chemical Industry “The Photographic Latent Image.” Dr. H. Baines. OF CHEMICALINDUSTRY 16 SOCIETY (London Section) Jubilee Memorial Lecture “Water-A National Asset.” Mr.H. W.Cremer at the Royal Institution Albemarle Street London W.l at 6.30 p.m. COMMITTEE MIDLANDCHEMISTS (University of Birmingham Chemical Society) “The Chemist and the Textile Industries.” Mr. G. Waggett at the University Edgbaston Birmingham at 4.30p.m. TECHNICAL ELECTRODEPOSITORS’ SOCIETY:“The Production of Electro-formed Moulds for Plastics and Die-castings.” Mr. P. Spiro at the Northampton Polytechnic St. John Street Clerkenwell London E.C. 1. 17 SOCIETY INDUSTRY OF CHEMICAL (Agricultural Group) “Methods of Determining Mineral Deficiencies in Plants,” Professor T. Wallace C.B.E.; “Chemical Tissue tests for the Determination of Mineral Status of Plants,” Dr. D. 1. D. Nicholas in the Chemistry Department Royal College of Science South Kensing- ton London S.W.7 at 2.30 p.m.OF CHEMICALINDUSTRY SOCIETY (Chemical Engineering Group) “Recent Develop- ments in Brewery Plant and Equipment in Scandinavia and USA.” Messrs. C. J. Virden and J. L. McCowen in the Rooms of the Geological Society Burling- ton House Piccadilly London W.1 at 5.30 p.m. SOCIETY OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS(Huddersfield Section) “Moisture Control in the Dyeing of Textiles.” Mr. K. S. Laurie in Field’s Cafe Westgate Hudders- field at 7.30 p.m. ROYALPHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY(Scientific and Technical Group). INSTITUTION OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY (London and District Section) Latex Symposium. At Caxton Hall Caxton Street London S.W.l. INSTITUTION OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY (Scottish Section) Meeting.At Glasgow. 279 1 February 17 ROYAL OF ARTS (Dominions and Colonies Section) :“Control of Insect-borne SOCIETY Diseases in the Colonies Some Recent Progress and Future Prospects.” Mr. C. B. Symes O.B.E. at the Royal Society of Arts John Adam Street Adelphi London W.C.2 at 2.30 p.m. PLASTICS (North-Eastern Section) “Resins for Paints and Varnishes.” INSTITUTE Mr. J. D. Morgan at Neville Hall Newcastle upon Tyne at 6.30 p.m. 18 MIDLANDCHEMISTSCOMMITTEE: “Recent Advances in Building Research-Some Chemical Aspects.” Dr. W. T. Parker at the University Edmund Street Birmingham at 6.30 p.m. PLASTICS (Western Section) “Adhesives.” Mr. H. A. Collinson at INSTITUTE Gloucester at 6.30 p.m. 19 THE INSTITUTE (Liverpool and North-Western Section) “The Chemistry of Deterioration in Milk Powder.” Dr.C. H. Lea in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University of Liverpool at 7 p.m. THEINSTITUTE (Hull and District Section) jointly with the Chemical Society and the University College Scientific Society “The Optical Properties of Molecules.” Professor E. G. Cox at University College Hull at 6 p.m. THE INSTITUTE (East Midlands Section) “Chemical Engineering Aspects of Handling Sterile Medical Products.” Dr. B. Edgington at Loughborough at 7.15 p.m. CHEMICALSOCIETY Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Memorial Lecture. Sir Edward Mellanby K.C.B. F.R.S. in the Rooms of the Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W. 1 at 7.30 p.m. CHEMICAL SOCIETY:“Synthesis in the Vitamin A Field.” Professor E.R. H. Jones in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University College Nottingham at 6 p.m. SOCIETYOF CHEMICALINDUSTRY OF .(Bristol Section) and INSTITUTE FUEL “Recent Developments in Combustion.” Dr. D. T. A. Townend in the Chemical Department The University Woodland Road Bristol at 5.30 p.m. OF MININGAND METALLURGY: INSTITUTION General Meeting. In the Rooms of the Geological Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W. 1 at 4.15 p.m. 20 CHEMICAL (Scottish Section) Annual General Meeting reading of original SOCIETY papers. At the Royal Technical College Glasgow at 7 p.m. PLASTICS INSTITUTE(Midlands Section) “Casein Products and Applications.” Mr. J. H. Collins at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3.INSTITUTEMETALS (Sheffield Section) “Powder Metallurgy.” In the Mining OF Lecture Theatre Department of Applied Science The University St. George’s Square Sheffield at 7.30 p.m. OF (North-Western Branch) “Water Treat- 21 INSTITUTIONCHEMICALENGINEERS ment.” Mr. P. Hamer at the College of Technology Manchester at 3 p.m. 23 INSTITUTIONTHE RUBBERINDUSTRY OF (Manchester and District Section) “Machinery and Layout in German Rubber Plants.” Mr. L. A. Oliver at the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester 2 at 6.15 p.m. 24 CHEMICAL Joint meeting with the Edinburgh University Chemical Society SOCIETY Lecture by Professor W. F. K. Wynne-Jones in the Biochemistry Lecture Theatre University of Edinburgh Teviot Place Edinburgh at 7 p.m.BRITISHASSOCIATION OF CHEMISTS (Northern Section) Film Show. SOCIETY OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS(Scottish Section) “All-over Pigment Coloura- tion of Textiles.” Mr. E. Marney at the St. Enoch Hotel Glasgow at 7 p.m. HULL CHEMICAL SOCIETY: AND ENGINEERING “Fire Equipment in Chemical Works.” At the Church Institute Albion Street Hull at 7.30 p.m. 25 IRISHCHEMICAL and THE INSTITUTE ASSOCIATION (Dublin Section) “Industrial Efficiency in the Sugar Industry.” Mr. J. L. Ginnell in the Chemical Depart- ment University College Dublin at 7.30 p.m. 26 THE INSTITUTE (Manchester and District Section) “Rubber.” Mr. J. H. Carrington in the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester 2 at 7 p.m. [ 280 1 February OF (Leicester Section) Discussion Group 26 INSTITUTIONTHE RUBBERINDUSTRY in the Lecture Rooms College of Arts and Technology Leicester at 7.30 p.m.OF “The Metallurgy of Gold Silver and Platinum.” Mr. INSTITUTEMETALS C. A. H. John at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3 at 6.30 p.m. OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS SOCIETY (West Riding Section) “The Composition of Wool.” Dr. A. H. Gordon at the Great Northern Victoria Hotel Bradford at 7.15 p.m. 27 THEINSTITUTE (Glasgow and West of Scotland Section) :Annual General Meeting. Professor J. W. Cook F.R.S. “Chemistry in Post-war Germany,” at the Royal Technical College Glasgow at 7.15 p.m. THE INSTITUTE (Aberdeen and North of Scotland Section) “Applications of Acetylenic Compounds in Organic Synthesis.” Dr.A. W. Johnson. THE INSTITUTE (Bristol and South-Western Counties Section) “Surface Films.” Professor N. K. Adam F.R.S. at Exeter. 28-29 ROYALPHOTOGRAPHIC :Regional Conference in Bristol. SOCIETY March 1 SOCIETYOF CHEMICALINDUSTRY (London Section) jointly with the London Section of the Institute of Metals “The Manufacture and Usage of Magnesium and its Alloys.” Major C. J. P. Ball D.S.O. M.C. in the Chemical Society’s Rooms Burlington House Piccadilly London W.l at 6.30 p.m. MIDLANDCHEMISTS COMMITTEE (University of Birmingham Chemical Society) at the University Edgbaston Birmingham 15 at 4.30 p.m. 2 CHEMICAL jointly with University of Leeds Chemical Society Display SOCIETY of Scientific Films (5 p.m.). “The Protein Molecule and its Degradation by Enzymes.” Dr.J. A. V. Butler in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University Leeds at 6.30 p.m. CHEMICAL Pedler Lecture “Recent Developments in the Vitamin A SOCIETY Field.” Sir Ian Heilbron D.S.O. F.R.S. in Dublin. 4 CHEMICALSOCIETY: Hugo Miiller Lecture. Professor E. L. Hirst F.R.S. in the Kooms of the Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W.l at 7.30 p.m. CHEMICAL “Crystallographic Technique and its Chemical Significance” SOCIETY (Tilden Lecture). Professor E. G. Cox in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University of Liverpool at 4.30 p.m. CHEMICAL Pedler Lecture “Recent Developments in the Vitamin A SOCIETY Field.” Sir Ian Heilbron D.S.O. F.R.S. in the Chemical Lecture Theatre Queen’s University Belfast at 7.30 p.m.CHEMICALSOCIETY: Meeting for the reading of original papers. In the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University College Nottingham at 6 p.m. SOCIETY INDUSTRY OF CHEMICAL (Bristol Section) Annual Meeting. Lecture. Dr. L. A. Jordan in the Chemical Department The University Woodland Road Bristol at 5.30 p.m. SOCIETY: 5 CHEMICAL Meeting for the reading of original papers. In the Chemistry Department King’s College Newcastle upon Tyne at 5 p.m. CHEMICALSOCIETY jointly with the University College of Swansea Students’ Chemical Society “The Antibacterial Compound Aspergillic Acid.” Professor F. S. Spring at University College Swansea at 6 p.m. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY 8 INSTITUTION (Midland Section) :“Rubber Adhesives.” Mr.L. E. Puddefoot at Burton-on-Trent. 9 THE INSTITUTE (Liverpool and North-Western Section) “Technical Uses of Soap in Industry.” Mr. G. F. Reynolds at Wigan at 7 p.m. AND ENGINEERING HULL CHEMICAL SOCIETY:“The Story of Morphia.” Mr. G. Colman Green at the Church Institute Albion Street Hull at 7.30 p.m. OF CHEMICALENGINEERS INSTITUTION :“Rocket Propulsion A Restricted Survev.” Messrs. M7. H. Wheeler and J. E. C Topps in the Rooms of the Geological Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W.l at 6.30p.m. lW1I March 10 THEINSTITUTE (Newcastle upon Tyne and North-East Coast Section) “Chemical Metallurgy.” Dr. H. J. T. Ellingham at King’s College Newcastle upon Tyne at 6.30 p.m. OF CHEMICAL (Yorkshire Section) Annual General Meeting.SOCIETY INDUSTRY Jubilee Memorial Lecture “Water-A National Asset.” Mr. H. W. Cremer. SOCIETYOF CHEMICALINDUSTRY (Northern Ireland Section jointly with the Plastics Group) “Industrial Uses of Plastics.” Mr. H. V. Potter in the Central Hall Technical College Belfast at 7.30 p.m. INSTITUTIONTHE RUBBERINDUSTRY OF (West of England Section). At the George Hotel Trowbridge at 7.45 p.m. INSTITUTION OF THE RUBBER INDUSTRY (Southern Section) “Rubber in Railway Operation.” Mr. A. E. Moulton at the Polygon Hotel Southampton at 7.15 p.m. 12 CHEMICAL SOCIETY:“Some Problems in the Chemistry of Starch and Glycogen.” Professor E. L. Hirst F.R.S. in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University Glasgow at 7.15 p.m. CHEMICAL jointly with Southampton University College Chemical and SOCIETY Physical Societies Dr.G. B. €3. M. Sutherland in the Physics Department University College Southampton at 5 p.m. MIDLAND CHEMISTS’ COMMITTEE “Valency.” Professor W. Wardlaw at The University Edmund Street Birmingham at 6.30 p.m. 15 THEINSTITUTE (South Wales Section) “The Corrosion of Metals.” Dr. W. H. J. Vernon at the Mining and Technical Institute Llanelly. MIDLANDCHEMISTS’ (University of Birmingham Chemical Society) : COMMITTEE “Certain Aspects of the Chemistry of Rubber.” nr. Geoffrey Gee at The University Edgbaston Birmingham 15 at 4.30 p.m. OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS SOCIETY (Huddersfield Section Joint meeting with Huddersfield Textile Society) “Finishing Woollen and Worsted Fabrics.” Dr.C. S. Whewell at Technical College Huddersfield at 7.30 p.m. ELECTRODEPOSITORS’ SOCIETY TECHNICAL “Electropolishing.” Dr. S. Wernick at the Northampton Polytechnic St. John Street Clerkenwell London E.C. 1. 16 SOCIETY INDUSTRY OF CHEMICAL (Chemical Engineering Group) “Heat Transfer.” Mr. A D. Davidson in the Rooms of the Geological Society Burlington House London W.l at 5.30 p.m. SOCLETY INDUSTRY OF CHEMICAL (Agriculture Group) “Some Aspects of Vegetable Nutrition.” Mr. R. M. Woodman in the Chemistry Department Royal College of Science South Kensington London S.W.7 at 2.30 p.m. ROYALSOCIETY OF ARTS (Dominions and Colonies Section) “Co-ordination of Research in the Pacific.” Dr. E. Marsden C.M.G. C.B.E. M.C. F.R.S. at the Royal Society of Arts John Adam Street Adelphi London W.C.2 at 2.30 p.m.OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (London and District Section) “The Technology of some New Condensation Rubbers.” Dr. D. A. Harper at Caxton Hall Caxton Street London S.W.l. INSTITUTION (Scottish Section) Annual General Meet- OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY ing. In the Chamber of Commerce Rooms 25 Charlotte Square Edinburgh at 7 p.m. INSTITUTE PLASTICS (North-Eastern Section) “Silicone Plastics.” Mr. H. R. Poole in Neville Hall Newcastle upon Tyne at 6.30 p.m. 17 THE INSTITUTE (Huddersfield Section) Annual General Meeting. Lecture. Mr. G. Roche Lynch O.B.E. President. INSTITUTE PLASTICS (Southern Section) “Vinyl Paste Polymers.” Dr. S. J. Skinner at the Polygon Hotel Southampton at 7.30 p.m.17-18 INSTITUTE OF METALS Annual General Meeting. In London. 18 THE INSTITUTE (Aberdeen and North of Scotland Section) Dr. H. W. Thompson F.R.S. THEINSTITUTE (Bristol and South-Western Counties Section) Annual Meeting. “The Public Analyst Overseas.” Mr. J. F. Clark in the Chemical Department The University Woodland Road Bristol at 5.30 p.m. L 282 3 March 18 THE INSTITUTE (East Midlands Section) “Modern Industrial Development and Research in relation to the Scientific Department of the National Coal Board.” Professor Idris Jones at St. James’s Restaurant Derby at 7.15 p.m. THEINSTITUTE (Liverpool and North-Western Section). “Absorption Spectra as Chemical Tools.” Dr. A. E. Gillam at Widnes at 7 p.m. THE INSTITUTE (Tees-side Section) “Chemicals from Petroleum.” Major K.Gordon C.B.E. M.C. CHEMICAL SOCIETY:107th Annual General Meeting. At Oxford. ROYALPHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY(Scientific and Technical Group) Symposium on “Photography in Nuclear Research.” At 16 Prince’s Gate London S.W.7. OF MININGAND METALLURGY INSTITUTION General Meeting. In the Rooms of the Geological Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W. 1 at 4.15 p.m. 19 THE INSTITUTE (Sheffield South Yorkshire and North Midlands Section) Short Papers by Members. At the Royal Victoria Hotel Sheffield at 7 p.m. THEINSTITUTE (South Wales Section) jointly with the Institute of Petroleum Scientific Film Show. At Britannic House Nattonal Oil Refineries Llandarcy. I~STITUTE PLASTICS (Midlands Section) “Melamine Resins.” Dr.J. Hofton at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3. 20 INSTITUTIONCHEMICALENGINEERS OF (North-Western Branch) “Value of Statistics to the Chemical Engineer.” Mr. N. T. Gridgeman at the College of Technology Manchester. at 3 p.m. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY 22 INSTITUTION (Manchester and District Section) Meeting. AND ENGINEERING 23 HULL CHEMICAL SOCIETY “Some Aspects of Modem Drying Practice.” Mr. H. D. MacMurray at the Church Institute Albion Street Hull at 7.30 p.m. 24 THEINSTITUTE (Aberdeen and North of Scotland Section) “Some Stereochemical Problems.” Professor E. E. Turner F.R.S. THEINSTITUTE (Belfast and District Section) Annual General Meeting. THE INSTITUTE (Dublin Section) Annual General Meeting In the Chemical Department University College Dublin at 7.30 p.m.SOCIETY (Midlands Section) “The Absorption of Acid OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS and Chrome Dyes by Wool.:’ Mr. G. H. Lister at the Victoria Station Hotel Nottingham at 7 p.m. 25 INSTITUTEMETALS “The Metallurgy of Alloy Steel Welding.” Mr. L. F. OF Denaro at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birming- ham 3 at 6.30 p m. 26 INSTITUTION OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY (Leicester Section) Discussion Group. In the Lecture Rooms College of Arts and Technology Leicester at 7.30 p.m. 31 THE INSTITUTE (Birmingham and Midlands Section) Annual General Meeting. At The University Edmund Street Birmingham at 7 p.m. April 5-6 SOCIETYOF CHEMICALINDUSTRY (London Section) Symposium “Detergents, Wetting and Emulsifying Agents.” At The Institution of Electrical Engineers Savoy Place Victoria Embankment London W.C.2. 6 SOCIETYOF CHEMICAL (Chemical Engineering Group) “Solventless INDUSTRY Cordite.” Dr. Aquila Forster in the Rooms of the Geological Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W.1 at 6.30 p.m. 7 BRITISH ASSOCIATION Demonstration of Scientific Apparatus. In OF CHEMISTS the Nicholson Lecture Theatre University of Liverpool at 7 p.m. 8 INSTITUTEMETALS Annual General Meeting (6 p.m.). Open Discussion on OF “The Oxidation of Metals.” Professor N. F. Mott F.R.S. and Dr. J. H. Mitchell at 4 Grosvenor Gardens London S.W.l at 7 p.m. 12 THE INSTITUTE (Hull and District Section) “The Electrochemical Mechanism of Corrosion.” Dr.U.R. Evans at the Royal Station Hotel Hull at 7 p.m. [ 283 1 April 12 INSTITUTION INDUSTRY OF THE ~~UBBER (Nidland Section) :Experimental Evening “Demonstrations with Rubber.” Mr. E. F. Powell at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3 at 7.15 p.m. 14 THEINSTITUTE (Sheffield South Yorkshire and North Midlands Section) Visit to Wood Bros. Glass Works Barnsley (2.30 p.m.) ; Lecture. Professor H. Moore at Barnsley Mining and Technical College at 6 p.m. INSTITUTE “Properties of Paraffin Wax as an Effect of Composi- OF PETROLEUM tion.” Rir. S. T. Minchin Mansion House 26 Portland Place London W.1. at 5.30 p.ni. 16 THE INSTITUTE (Liverpool and North-Western Section) Annual General Meeting.“X-ray Study of Glyceride Polymorphism.” Dr. T. Malkin in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University of Liverpool at 7 p.m. INSTITUTION General Meeting. In the Rooms of the OF MININGAND METALLURGY Geological Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W. 1 at 4.15 p.m. 16-16 The Institute Anniversary Meetings including the Annual General Meeting on 16 April at 3.30 p.m. in Birmingham (see p. 285). ELECTRODEPOSITORS’ SOCIETY TECHNICAL Annual Conference. !n Birmingham. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY 16 INSTITUTION (Leicester Section) Annual General Meet- ing. “The Past Present and Future of Rubber.” Mr. F. N. Pickett and Dr. H. J. Stern at the Bell Hotel Humberstone Gate Leicester at 7 p.m. INSTITUTION ENGINEERS OF CHEMICAL Annual Corporate Meeting.In London. INSTITUTE 19 PLASTICS (Midlands Section) :“Polystyrene.” Mr. A. A. K. Whitehouse at the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3 20 SOCIETY INDUSTRY OF CHEMICAL (Agriculture Group) “Carbohydrate Metabolism in Soil.” Dr. W. G. C. Forsyth in the Chemistry Department Royal College of Science South Kensington London S.W.7 at 2.30 p.m. ROYAL SOCIETY OF ARTS (Dominions and Colonies Section) “The New East African Ground Nuts Scheme.” Mr. A. J. Wakefield C.M.G. at the Royal Society of Arts John Adam Street Adelphi London W.C.2 at 2.30 p.m. HULL CHEMICAL SOCIETY AND ENGINEERING Annual General Meeting. At the Church Institute Albion Street Hull at 7.30 p.m. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (London and District Section) Annual General Meeting and film evening.At Caxton Hall Caxton Street London S.W.I. SOCIETYOF DYERSAND COLOURISTS (Hud dersfield Section) “An Assessment of Commercial Mothproofing Agents.” Messrs. J. Barritt and R. S. Hartley, in Field’s Cafd Westgate Huddersfield at 7.30 p.m. SOCIETY (Scottish Section) :“An Investigation into the OF DYERSAND COLOURISTS Practical Aspects of the Absorption of Acid and Chrome Dyes by Wool.” Mr. G. H. Lister at the St. Enoch Hotel Glasgow at 7 p.m. 21 SOCIETYOF CHEMICAL (Newcastle Section) Annual General Meeting. INDUSTRY “Immunochemistry.” Professor M. Stacey at King’s College Newcastle upon Tyne at 6,30 p.m. MIDLAND COMMITTEE CHEMISTS (Society of Chemical Industry) Jubilee Memorial Lecture “Water-A National Asset.” Mr.H. W. Cremer at The University Edmund Street Birmingham at 6.30 p.m. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (Southern Section) Annual General Meet- ing. At the Polygon Hotel Southampton at 7.15 p.m. INSTITUTE PLASTICS (Southern Section) “Protein Plastics. ” Mr. J. H. Collins at the Polygon Hotel Southampton at 7.30 p.m. 22 THE INSTITUTE (East Midlands Section) Annual General Meeting. Professor L. Hunter at The Technical College Nottingham at 7.15 p.m. CHEMICAL SOCIETY:Scientific Meeting. In the Rooms of the Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W.l at 7.30 p.m. BRITISH OF CHEMISTS (Liverpool Section):Annual Section Meeting. ASSOCIATION At Bradford Hotel Tithebarn Street Liverpool at 7 p.m.c 284 1 April OF PLASTICS 22 INSTITUTE (London and District Section) “Alginates.” Mr. C. B. Bonnikson at the Waldorf Hotel ,Aldwych London W.C.2. 24 INSTITUTION ENGIKEERS OF CHEMICAL (North-\T7estern Branch) “Dust Explosions in Factories.” Mr. S. H. Wilkes at the College of Technology Manchester at 3 p.m. 26 INSTITUTIONTHE RUBBERINDUSTRY OF (Manchester and District Section) Annual General Meeting and Social Evening. OF THE RUBBERINDUSTRY INSTITUTION (Midland Section) :Annual General Meet- ing. At the James Watt Memorial Institute Great Charles Street Birmingham 3 at 7.15 p.m. 28 THE INSTITUTE (Belfast and District Section) Visit to the Linen Research Institute Lambeg. 30 THEINSTITUTE (South Wales Section) :Annual General Meeting.ANNOUNCEMENTS EXAM1 NATIONS Examinations will be held in April 1948 as follows:- For the Associateship: In the week beginning Monday I2 April in London and in Leeds. Candidates who have not yet been accepted should obtain from the Registrar the prescribed form of application without delay so as to leave ample time to secure thereon the necessary signatures certifying that they have complied with the Regulations concerning their courses of training. The completed application forms must reach the Institute not later than Monday 2 February. No application in respect of the April Examination will be considered if received later than that date. Entry forms will be sent as soon as they are ready to all candidates who have been previously accepted and to those whose applications have been received as above.The list date for the receipt of entry forms will be Monday 16 February after which no entry can be accepted. As accommodation at both centres is limited intending candidates are advised to send in their entry forms as soon as possible as it might be necessary to close the list of entries at an earlier date in which event entries would be accepted in the order of their receipt at the Institute. For the Fellowship: In the week beginning Monday 19 April in London or elsewhere at the discretion of the Council. Last dates for application and for entry as for the Associateship. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 1948 The Annual General Meeting of the Institute will be held at 3.30 p.m.on Friday 16 April 1948 in Birmingham. Anniversary Meetings of the Institute 15-16 April 1948.-As previously reported (JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 1947 111 96) the Council has accepted an invitation from the Birmingham and Midlands Section to hold the Annual General Meeting 1948. in Birmingham. A provisiona‘i programme of the Anniversary Meetings suggested by the Committee of the Birmingham and Midlands Section has been approved by the Council and is as follows:-Thursday 15 April. Afternoon Exhibition to be opened by the President. Evening Lecture by Professor R. P. Linstead C.B.E. F.R.S. Friday 16 April. Morning Lecture by Professor M. Stacey. Luncheon. Afternoon Annual General Meeting. Evening Dance. Arrangements are being made for the Eighteenth Conference of Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections to be held in Birmingham on Saturday 17 April.Further details of these events will be announced in JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 1948 Part I. [286 3 THE COUNCIL 1948-49 NOMINATIONS Nomination of General Members of Council.-Attention is directed to the relevant By-laws which are as follows :-By-law 26.-(1) Any twenty Members not being Members of the Council may nominate one eligible Fellow as a candidate for election as a General Member of the Council but no Member shall nominate more than one such Fellow. (2) Any nomination made under this By-law shall be delivered to the Secretary not later than the first day of February next preceding the date at which the Annual General Meeting is to be held and shall be in the following form:- “We the undersigned Members of the Royal Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland do hereby certify that A.B.of (registered address) a Fellow of this Institute is in our estimation a fit and proper person to be a General Member of the Council of the Institute and we do hereby nominate him as a Candidate for election as a General Member of the Council. (3) Any such nomination may consist of several documents in like form each signed by one or more Members. (The name of every candidate nominated in accordance with By-law 26 will be included in the Balloting List.) By-law 24.-(2) No person who has been elected as a District Member of the CounciI for any year of Office shall be eligible for election as a General Member of the Council for that year of Office and if such person is elected as President Vice-president or Treasurer for that year of Office he shall vacate his Office as a District Member of the Council and the vacancy shall be filled up as on a casual vacancy.At the date of the Annual General Meeting 16 April 1948 the following will have served for three years as Vice-presidents and will therefore be ineligible for re-election to that office Alfred Louis Bacharach M.A.; William Cullen LL.D. M.1.Chem.E. The General Members of Council who retire at the Annual General Meeting in accordance with the By-laws and are ineligible for re-election as such are as follows:-Frederick Challenger Ph.D. D.Sc. Harry Julius Emeldus DSc.A.R.C.S. F.R.S. Arnold Trevor Green 0.B.E. F.1nst.P.. H0n.M. 1nst.Gas E. M.1.Chem.E. James Grieve King O.B.E. Ph.D. D.Sc. A.R.T.C. F.Inst.F. M.Inst.GasE. Guy Frederic Marrian D.Sc. F.R.S. Alexander Robertus Todd D.Phil. D.Sc. F.R.S. Harry Weatherall. Nominations for the new Council must be delivered at the Institute not later than I February 1948. District Members of Council.-The following have been nominated as District Members of Council to take office at the Annual General Meeting 1948:- Birmingham and Midlands Eric Millward Joiner B.Sc. A.C.I.S. Bristol and South-Western Counties Thomas Malkin. Ph.D.. D.Sc. East Midlands and South Yorkshire Ernest James Vaughan M.Sc. A.R.C.S. D.I.C. Liverpool and North-West Coast Leslie Victor Cocks.London and South-Eastern Counties and East Anglia Clifford Walter Herd B.Sc. Ph.D. Manchester and District John Thompson Marsh M.Sc. F.T.I. Newcastle upon Tyne and North-East Coast (including Tees-side) Frank Ronald Williams B.Sc. Ph.D. Yorkshire (including Leeds Area and Huddersfield) Arthur Clarence Francis A.H.-W.C. Edinburgh and East of Scotland Hugh Bryan Nisbet Ph.D. D.Sc. A.H.-W.C. Aberdeen and North of Scotla nd Roy Brown Strathdee T.D ,M.A. B.Sc. Ph.D. Glasgow and West of Scotland David Traill B.Sc. Ph.D. Wales and the County of Monmouth William Dudley Williams BSc. A.M.I.Chem.E. M.Inst.Pet. Northern Ireland Cecil Leeburn Wilson M.Sc. Ph.D. Irish Free State Alfred Godfrey Gordon Leonard B.Sc. Ph.D. F.R.C.Sc.1. The Overseas Dominions and elsewhere abroad Hans Krall B.A.MSc. REGISTER OF FELLOWS AND ASSOCIATES AND REMUNERATION STATISTICS With reference to the announcement in JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1947 V 191 cards were sent out to all Fellows and Associates with a covering letter in October. Any member who may not have received the cards should apply at once to the officeof the Institute for replacements. [ 286 1 Fellows and Associates who have not yet done so are asked to return the Register Cards with the least possible delay in order that the printing of the Register may be put in hand at an early date. Already over 8,000 members have returned Remuneration Statistics Cards so that a representative picture of remuneration is assured. The Council is anxious that the information to be obtained from these returns should be as complete as possible and Fellows and Associates (elected before October 1947) who may not have sent in their cards are urged to do so.Cards received after 31 December cannot be included in the report. THE REGULATIONS As doubt had been expressed as to the eligibility of naturalised British subjects for admission to any grade of membership of the Institute the Regulations have been amended so as to make it clear that evidence is required only of date of birth and of British Sationality at the date of application for admission. The relevant changes in the Regulations are as follows:- On p. 13 I. Admission by Examination by the Institute [A] sub-clause 1 is amended to read-“Evidence of age and of British Nationality.” On p.15 11. Admission by Other Qualifications sub-clause 1 is amended to read- “Evidence that he is a British Subject and has attained the age of 21 years.” INDIA AND PAKISTAN PROFESSOR FINDLAY’S TOUR In the last issue of JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS (Part V pp. 229-30) it was announced that Professor Alexander Findlay Past President had accepted the Council’s invitation to visit India and Pakistan on behalf of the Institute and the objects of his mission were described. The arrangements then in hand have now matured and Professor Findlay accompanied by Mrs. Findlay left England on 21 November on the Struthmore which is due to arrive at Bombay on 9 December. In these days it is difficult to plan in advance the details of an extended tour overseas and the programme so far mapped out must be regarded as provisional.In Bombay Professor Findlay will visit the University and has accepted an invitation to lecture to the Technological Association; arrangements are also being made for him to address members of the Institute and other chemists in Bombay on matters of interest to the Institute and to the profession of chemistry in India. From Bombay journeys will be made to Messrs. Tata’s chemical factory at Mithapur to the Royal Institute of Science Poona and to the Government Ammunition Factory at Kirkee at all of which Professor Findlay has undertaken to address groups of chemists. Leaving Bombay about 17 December Professor Findlay’s next engagement is at the Laxminarayan Institute at Nagpur where he is due to give two lectures and to address chemists on the profession of chemistry.Following an interval while univer- sities and colleges are in vacation-during which he hopes to spend some time in Darjeeling-he expects to arrive towards the end of the year at Dhanbad to meet Dr. For- rester Chairman of the Indian Section of the Institute and to proceed with him to Patna in order to be present at the Annual Meeting of the Section and to attend the meetings of the Indian Science Congress in the first week of January 1948. Professor Findlay has received an official invitation from the Indian Science Congress Association to attend these meetings and is looking forward to meeting many Indian chemists and other men of science during his stay in Patna.In the course of the remainder of his tour Professor Findlay hopes to visit Calcutta Dacca (in Pakistan) Benares Allahabad Agra Aligarh possibly Cawnpore and Luck- now Delhi Dehradun and if circumstances permit Lahore (in Pakistan). From Delhi he proposes to travel to Hyderabad and thence to Madras and to Bangalore where he will be present at the examination for the Associateship of the Institute which is due to begin on 8 March under the supervision of Dr. Fowler the Hon. Secretary of the Indian Advisory Committee. Professor Findlay expects to leave India about the middle of March for South Africa where he intends to spend some months before return- ing to England. In a letter to the Council written on the eve of his departure for India Professor Findlay expresses gratitude for the valuable help in making arrangements for his tour given by the Education Department of the Office of the High Commissioner for India in London by the Education Department of the Government of India and by the High Commissioner for Pakistan as well as by the Ministry of Commonwealth Relations.In concluding his letter he writes:- “I am very conscious of the responsibility resting on me in undertaking this mission on behalf of the Institute. I go forth however with great willingness and in good heart knowing that I have the good wishes of all members of the Council; and it is [ 287 3 my sincere hope that the mission may not only prove of value to the Institute but may also serve even in some small degree to strengthen the cordial relations which exist between Indian chemists and their fellow chemists in Great Britain and to encourage their continued co-operation in the advancement of the science and profession of chemistry.” INSTITUTE LECTURES Meldola Medal Lecture.-Mr.R. H. Stokes one of the Meldola Medallists for 1946 will give his Meldola hledal Lecture entitled “The Role of Ion-Solvent Interactions in the Theory of Strong Electrolytes,” on 16 January 1948 at 6 p.m. in the Rooms of the Chemical Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W.1. Special Lectu re.-Professor H. B. Nisbet will deliver a lecture on “Anaesthetics” under the auspices of the Institute on 19 March 1948. Full particulars will be announced later. MEDALS AND PRIZES The Meldola Medal.-This medal is the gift of the Society of Maccabaans and is normally awarded annually.The next award will be made early in 1948 to the chemist who being a British subject and under 30 years of age at 31 December 1947 shows the most promise as indicated by his or her published chemical work brought to the notice of the Council of the Royal Institute of Chemistry before 3 I December 1947. No restrictions are placed upon the kind of chemical work or the place in which it is conducted. The merits of the work may be brought to the notice of the Council either by persons who desire to recommend the candidate or by the candidate himself by letter addressed to “The President Royal Institute of Chemistry 30 Russell Square London W.C.1,” the envelope being marked “Meldola Medal.” Sir Edward Frankland Medal and Prize 1947.-Registered Students are informed that the Council will be prepared to consider the award in February 1948 of a Medal and Prize (jJ0 10s.) for the best essay not exceeding 3,000 words contributed by a Registered Student of not more than 22 years of age at the time of forwarding the essay.The essay may deal with any subject having a bearing on chemistry or chemical work provided that it does not deal with any purely chemical technical or historical subject. The object of the essay is to induce Students to develop a sense of professional public spirit and to devote thought to questions of professional interest and to the position of chemists in the life of the community.Essays will be valued partly for literary style and technique but mainly for the thoughts and ideas contained therein. (See the comments of one of the Assessors for the 1945 competition JOURNALAND PROCEEDINGS 1946 111 136.) Eazh essay must be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the Local Section in the area of which the competitor resides (see list of Local Sections at the end of the Journal) not later than 31 December 1947 and must be accompanied by a signed declaration that it is the independent work of the contributor. The Committee of each Local Section will be asked to select from those received not more than three essays considered to be worthy of the award. The selected essays will be referred to Assessors appointed by the Council on whose report the Council will decide to whom an award shall be made.‘The award will not be made more than once to any individual competitor. The Medal and Prize will be presented at the next Annual General Meeting or at a meeting of the Local Section to which the successful competitor is attached. The Newton Chambers Prize Essay Competition I947.-1n 1945 Messrs. Newton Chambers & Co. Ltd. offered to the South Yorkshire Section (now the Sheffield South Yorkshire and North Midlands Section) of the Institute a sum of LlOO per annum for seven years for the award of an annual prize for contributions to the subject of Chemistry and Industrial W’elfare. The whole objective of the award is to encourage young chemists to make greater use of their knowledge of chemistry and their facilities for experimental work to enhance the existing knowledge of Industrial Welfare.Applica-tions to compete for the Prize for 1947 are invited under the following conditions:- 1. The 1947 competition is open to every Fellow Associate or Registered Student of the Institute who had not reached his 36th birthday by I January 1947. 8. The 1947 Award is offered for an essay paper or papers published or unpublished embodying the candidate’s own observations or experimental work on some aspects of the application of chemistry to the promotion of Industrial Welfare. A critical examination of existing knowledge is admissible to the competition provided that the conclusions reached constitute an addition to the knowledge of the subject. It should be noted that the word “Welfare” is interpreted by the Adjudicating Committee in the widest possible sense.The subject may include 6 388 1 for example the candidate’s own experience and observations on educative measures causes and alleviation of personal fatigue or methods for eliminating absenteeism and hazards to health. Moreover essays submitted need not contain an account of laboratory investigations. 3. Each candidate must transmit to the Hon. Secretary Sheffield South Yorkshire and North Midlands Section Royal Institute of Chemistry (G. Murfitt F.R.I.C. William Jessop and Sons Ltd. Brightside Works Sheffield) to reach him on or before 3 I December 1947 (a)A formad letter of application to enter the competi- tion stating his name address date of birth and status (Fellow Associate or Registered Student) in the Institute ; (b) two copies of each essay or paper submitted together with a brief statement in duplicate indicating in what respect the essay or paper advances knowledge of the application of chemistry to the promotion of Industrial Welfare ; and (c) a declaration by the candidate that the work is his own or for joint papers a statement signed by the candidate and his collaborators as to the extent to which the results and conclusions are the work of the candidate.4. The decision of the Committee of the Sheffield South Yorkshire and North Midlands Section on any matter connected with the award of the prize is final. The Committee may at its discretion divide the Prize between two or more candidates or may withhold the award if no entry of sufficient merit is received.5. The Committee may require a candidate to attend for interview in connection with his application. 6. The Committee reserves the right to publish the successful essay or paper (ifnot already published) in whatever form it thinks desirable. SCIENTIFIC COURSES AND CONFERENCES Particulars of the following have been received :-Courses on Special Branches and Applications of Chemistry at Chelsea Polytechnic London.-A short course of eight lectures on “The Modern Chemistry and Technology of Waxes” by Mr. L. Ivanovsky on Fridays at 7.30 p.m. from 16 January to 12 March 1948. The course has been designed to meet the needs of chemists engaged in related industries research workers and post-graduate students.Part 2 of a course of twenty lectures on “Biochemistry,” by Dr. G. A. D. Haslewood on Mondays at 6.15 p.m.. from 12 April to 21 June 1948 (17 May excluded). The course meets the requirements of students who have a knowledge of Chemistry to degree standard and wish to acquire a knowledge of Biochemistry. A course of six post-graduate lectures on “The Biochemistry of Proteins” by Dr. R. L. ill. Synge on Tuesdays at 7.15 p.m. from 17 February to 24 March 1948. Further particulars of all these courses and forms of application can be obtained from the Principal of the Polytechnic Manresa Road London S.W.3. Courses of Lectures at Sir John Cass Technical Institute London.-Lecture and laboratory courses on special branches of Chemical Analysis Ten lectures with demonstrations on Electrochemical Analysis by Dr.A. J. Lindsey and Mr. J. V. Westwood on Mondays at 6 p.m. beginning 12 January, 1948. Fee L1. Ten lecture-demonstrations on Microchemical Analysis by Mr. D. W. %%son on Thursdays at 6 p.m. from 15 January 1048. Fee Ll. In connection with these two courses facilities will be offered during the Summer Term for laboratory work for a limited number of students. A course of six lectures on “Quantum Chemistry” will be given by Professor H. S. W. Massey F.R.S. on Tuesdays at 6 p.m. beginning 3 February 1948. The course is intended for post-graduate and advanced students and will be addressed chiefly to those who do not possess the mathematical equipment which is necessary for the usual treatment of these problems.Fee for the Course 10s. A course of eight lectures on “Patents and Industrial Design Protection” will be given by Mr. Eric \Valker Barrister-at-Law on Tuesdays at 6 p.m. beginning 27 January 1948. Fee 10s. Fuller particulars of any of the above courses may be obtained from the Principal Sir John Cass Technical Institute Jewry Street Aldgate London E.C.3. Application for enrolment should be made to the Principal prior to the opening date of a course if possible. c 289 1 The Faraday Society. A General biscussion on “The Physical Chemistry of Process Metallurgy” will be held in the latter half of September 1948. It is intended that the discussion should be devoted to the thermodynamics and kinetics of the high temperature reactions involved in smelting and refining.It is proposed to exclude reactions occurring in mechanical working and heat treatment and also electrochemical processes in aqueous solutions. Thermodynamics will include thermochemical free energy and equilibrium studies and kinetics will include both chemical reactions and diffusion processes. Prospective contributors are invited to forward to the Secretary 6 Grays Inn Square London W.C.1 summaries of any papers they would like to submit indicating the subject matter and the method of treatment as early as possible and not later than 1 February 1948. Authors will be informed whether their proposed papers fit into the general plan of the conference by 1 March 1948 and if so will be asked to send in their complete papers by 1 July 1948.LA BO RAT0 RY P RECA UTI 0NS Origins and Prevention of Laboratory Accidents.-In view of the wide interest being taken in this important subject it has been proposed that the Institute should arrange for various aspects of it to be discussed at a meeting to be held in 1948. A whole-day meeting probably on a Saturday in May or June would seem to be desirable and several names of appropriate authors of papers have been suggested. Comments and suggestions from members will be welcomed. MI SCELLAN EO U S Survey of Scientific and Technical Manpower.-With reference to the notes published in JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1947 IV 195 and V 234 the Ministry of Labour and National Service is anxious to make sure that no qualified chemist is omitted from the Technical and Scientific Register.Members of the Institute who for any reason may not have received the letter and accompanying questionnaire which were issued recently are advised to apply for these to the Technical and Scientific Register York House Kingsway W.C.2 or to any Regional Appointments Office of the Ministry and are asked to furnish as fully as possible the information which is sought. Shortage of Chemists and Chemical Engineers.-The following statement has been issued by the Ministry of Labour and National Service:- “A small number of experienced chemists in the older age groups have enrolled on the Technical and Scientific Register and solely because of age are finding difficulty in securing employment.The Register has also enrolled qualified chemists with or without industrial experience among the Poles enrolled in the Polish Resettlement Corps. Those without industrial experience entered the Polish Armed Forces immediately after graduating and they would be willing to enter industry as trainees. Several well-known industrialists in the chemical world are employing Polish technicians as chemists and chemical engineers and their experience shows that the Polish technician gives complete satisfaction. “Here then is perhaps one answer to those employers whose demands for young graduates cannot be met for some time. Employers are invited to call write or telephone to the Ministry of Labour and National Service Technical and Scientific Register (Temple Bar 8020) York House Kingsway London W.C.2 (Chemistry Section) where full information about the older and Polish chemists can be obtained.” Chemical Institute of Canada Protective Coatings Subject Division.-The Division which deals with all aspects of protective coatings of all types including causes of corrosion will be holding its regional meeting in Toronto on 16 February 1948.An enquiry has been received as to whether any members of the Royal Institute of Chemistry who are eminent in this field of work and expect to be in Canada at that time would be interested in addressing the meeting. Replies should be sent direct to the General Manager Chemical Institute of Canada 18 Rideau Street Ottawa Canada. Boots’ Booklovers Library.-Members are reminded that the current subscription arranged for Fellows and Associates will expire on I March 1948 and the necessity again arises for the completion of fresh application forms by those members who desire to continue for a further year’s service.The Library have announced that subscription rates were increased on 1 June 1947. The new rates at the expiration of the present subscription will be:- Class “A” 22s. 6d. per volume for 12 months (against 25s. to the general public). Class “B” 10s. 6d.per volume for 12 months (against 12s. 6d. to the general public). Members must renew their subscription or return the last volume and membership token to the local or most convenient branch of the Library on or before 1 March. Forms may be obtained from the Assistant Secretary.[ 290 1 GENERAL NOTICES (For notices relating to matters of immediate importance see “Announcements” on p. 285.) Notice to Associates.-Regulations and forms of application for the Fellowship can be obtained from the Registrar. Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates who are available for appointments or are desirous of extending their opportunities is kept at the offices of the Institute. Prospective employers and Fellows and Associates who desire to make use of this service as a means of obtaining employment should communicate with the Registrar. Li braries.-The comprehensive Library of the Chemical Society Burlington House Piccadilly W.1 to the maintenance of which the Institute makes substantial con-tributions is available to Fellows Associates and Registered Students wishing to consult or borrow books from 10 a.m.to 9 p.m. on week-days (except Saturdays 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.). Rooks can also be borrowed by post. Books may be borrowed from the Science Library Science Museum South Kensing- ton S.W.7 on production of requisitions signed by the Registrar or the Secretary of the Institute. The Library of the Institute is open to Fellows Associates and Registered Students from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. on week-days (not including Saturdays). Reports on German Industries.-Copies of a number of Reports of the Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-committee (C.I.O.S.) and of the British Intelligence Sub- Committee (B.I.O.S.) on industrial plants and processes in Germany published by H.M.Stationery Office have been received and are available for consultation in the Library of the Institute Lantern Slides for Lecturers.-A list of slides of portraits of great chemists and other scientists throughout the ages can be obtained on application to the Secretary. As the slides are frequently in demand members are requested to notify their require- ments at least 14 days before the date on which the slides are to be used. Joint Subscription Arrangements.-Fellows Associates and Registered Students who wish to participate in the arrangements whereby they can acquire on favourable terms membership of the Chemical Society the Society of Chemical Industry and the Faraday Society with substantial privileges as to publications (see special article JOURNAL 1945 Part IV p.148) can obtain further particulars and AND PROCEEDINGS necessary forms from the Conjoint Chemical Office 9 and 10 Savile Row London W.1. Benevolent Fund.-Contributions for 1947 may be sent to the Honorary Treasurer 30 Russell Square London W.C.I. Forms for Deeds of Covenant may be obtained from the Secretary. Covers for the Journal.-Members who desire covers (2s. each) for binding the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS in annual volumes should notify the Assistant Secretary of their requirements indicating the years (1946 or earlier) required. Service with H. M. Forces.-Fellows A4ssociates and Registered Students who are on service with the Navy Army and Air Force are requested to notify the Institute.giving particulars as to their rank unit etc. Changes of Address.-Fellows Associates and Registered Students who wish to notify changes of address are requested to give so far as possible their permanent addresses for registration. When writing from an address different from that previously given they are requested to state if the new address is to be used in future and whether the change affects the Appointments Register. All requests for changes should be addressed to the Registrar and not to the Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections. In order to facilitate identification Fellows Associates and Registered Students are asked to give their full initials on communications addressed to the Institute. In the prevailing circumstances they are also asked not invariably to expect formal acknowledgments of communications addressed to the Institute unless replies are necessary.PUBLICATIONS OF THE INSTITUTE Many of the publications are out of print and members are advised not to send cheques or orders with enquiries for publicatzons other than those listed below of which limited supplies are still available. LECTURES “The Chemist in the Far East.” A. Marcan F.R.I.C. (1933.) 2s. net. “Alchemists in Art and Literature.” Richard B. Pilcher O.B.E. F.C.I.S. (1933.) 2s. 6d. net. *“Beer.” H. F. E. Hulton F.R.I.C. (1934.) 2s. net. “Food and the Consumer.” G. W. Monier-Williams O.B.E. M.A. Ph.D. F.R.I.C. (1935.) 2s. net. “Protection against Toxic Gases in Industry.” J.Davidson Pratt O.B.E. M.A. B.Sc. F.R.I.C. (1936.) 2s. net. “Our Money.” W. H. Coates Ph.D. LL.B. B.Sc. (1937.) 2s. net. “Gas Defence from the Point of View of the Chemist.” J. Davidson Pratt O.B.E. M.A. B.Sc. F.R.I.C. (1937.) 2s. net. “Oxidation-Reduction Potentials and their Applications.” S. Glasstone D.Sc. F.R.I.C. (1937.) 2s. net. *“Chemical Changes and Chances.” Sir Martin Forster D.Sc. F.K.I.C. F.R.S. (1937.) 2s. net. “The Development of the Chemistry of Commercial Synthetic Dyes (1856-1938).” F. M. Rowe D.Sc. F.II.1.C. (1938.) 5s. net. *“Opium.” J. R. Kicholls D.Sc. F.R.I.C. (1938.) 2s. 6d. net. ?“Research in the Iron and Steel Industry.” W. H. Hatfield L).Met. F.R.S. (1938.) 2s. 6d. net. “Ludwig Mond F.R.S. 1839-1909.” F. G. Donnan C.B.E.D.Sc. F.R.I.C. F.R.S. (1939.) 2s. net. *“Magnesite.” A. W. Comber F.R.I.C. Assoc..Inst. M.M. (1939.) 2s. net. *“Precious Metals.” H. Gordon Dale F.R.I.C. (1941.) 2s. net. *“Notes on W’ater Treatment.” Russell G. Pelly F.R.L.C. (1942.) 2s. net. “Leather.” D. Jordan;,Lloyd M.A. D.Sc. F.R.I.C. (1943.) 2s. 6d. net. “Cement and Concrete. F. M. Lea O.B.E. D.Sc. F.K.I.C. (1945.) 2s. 6d. net. §‘‘Chemistry and Clothing.” D. A. Clibbens. (1945.) 2s. net. “Industrial Non-Ferrous Alloys.” Harold Moore C.B.E. D.Sc. F.R.I.C. (1946.) 2s. 6d. net. “Microchemistry and its Applications.” Ronald Belcher F.R.I.C. (1946.) 4s. 6d. net. “Soil Metabolism.” J. H. Quastel D.Sc. Ph.D. A.R.C.S. F.R.I.C. F.R.S. (1946.) 2s. 6d. net. “A New Notation for Organic Chemistry and its Application to Library and Indexing Problems.” Lecture under the joint auspices of the Chemical Society the Royal Institute of Chemistry the Society of Chemical Industry and the Bureau of Abstracts.G. Malcolm Dyson M.A. Ph.D. M.l.Chem.E. F.Inst.Pet. F.R.I.C. (1946.) 2s. 6d. net. *“Tl‘ater and Public Health.” W. Gordon Carey F.R.I.C. (1946.) 2s. 6H. net. “The Life and Work of George Gerald Henderson.” First Henderson Menzorial Lecture. Sir Ian Heilbron D.S.O. D.Sc. Ph.D. LL.D. F.R.I.C. F.R.S. (1947.) 2s. 6d. net. $“Counting Calories.” Sir Jack Drummond D.Sc. F.R.I.C. F.R.S. (1947.) 3s. net. “Some Aspects of Nuclear Chemistry.” €1. J. Emelkus D.Sc. A.R.C.S. D.I.C. F.R.I.C. F.R.S. (1947.) 3s net. REGULATIONS OF STUDENTS AND FELLOWS.FOR THE ADMISSION ASSOCIATES Gratis. Six Parts annually. JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. THE PROFESSIONCHEMISTRY. Richard IS. Pilcher O.B.E. F.C.I.S. 4th Edition. OF (1938.) Gratis. * Streatfeild Memorial Lectures. t Gluckstein Memorial Lecture. 3 Dalton Lectures. r 2921