One of the processes recently introduced for assessing management of wild and captive populations is the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. A CAMP workshop was held in August 1992 to develop a conservation strategy for 11 taxa of New Zealand penguins. Each taxon was reviewed to assess threats and to develop preliminary recommendations for research and management of wild and captive populations. In this paper emphasis is laid on the part which could be played by captive management, both in making space available for the most threatened taxa and in the use of captive propagation techniques to aid the recovery of species in the wild.