This study sought to test a conflict theory model of decision-making in abortion. Complex, or conflicted, abortion decisions were defined as those occurring when the woman had desired pregnancy, when the abortion alternative was considered later, and when the decision process was lengthier and subjectively more difficult. Sets of personal and social variables, identified from previous research, were expected to require a more complex decision process. A second objective was to determine whether these variables would also predict previous contraceptive behavior. A large sample of abortion patients completed a survey of attitudes and behaviors related to the abortion decision and contraceptive usage. Results indicated that strong involvement with one's sexual partner tended to encourage contraception but complicated the abortion decision. Strong work commitment likewise encouraged contraception but appeared to simplify the abortion decision. While concern for personal health was significantly associated with contraceptive behavior, it was not related to the decision process in abortion. Interpretation suggested that prevention of unwanted pregnancy and the abortion decision are independent processes, both of which are affected by love and work but in opposite directions.