&NA;History‐taking, disposition, and telephone communication skills of pediatric nurse practitioners, pediatric house officers, and practicing pediatricians were assessed and compared. To evaluate the management of five common acute pediatric problems, a “programmed mother” made 148 unidentified calls to these health professionals during evening hours. The calls were tape recorded, and scored for history‐taking, disposition, and interviewing skills. The scoring system, developed by a panel of 11 experts, assessed the relevance and completeness of each history obtained. Nurse practitioners averaged 79.6 percent of the total possible score, as compared to 52.6 percent for pediatricians (p<.001). When disposition was similarly analyzed, the nurse practitioners scored significantly higher than pediatricians. Analyzing only those items of history‐taking and disposition deemed most critical by the panel, nurse practitioners included 91 percent and pediatricians only 55 percent (p<.001). Parameters of interviewing skill were scored by the interviewer and each author with agreement of 80 percent or above; nurse practitioners obtained significantly higher scores than pediatricians (p<.001). Calls handled by nurses averaged 7.4 minutes, those by pediatricians 3.2 minutes (p<.001). Nurse Practitioners, it was concluded, can safely and effectively share responsibility with physicians for night and weekend telephone call coverage for a pediatric practice with adequate physician back up.