A comparative study of hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy in the investigation of infertility is presented. Laparoscopy with permeability testing was performed in 50 patients previously investigated by HSG. Results of these tests showed agreement for tubal patency and prognostic evaluation in 76% of the cases, although neither procedure proved to be free of imperfection. Discussions of both procedures should not be directed to the question of whether laparoscopy or HSG should be performed, but rather which of them should be performed first.