Clinical evidence has been amassed in support of the application of behavioral principles in the treatment of school phobia. A variety of behavior modification techniques including systematic desensitization, “emotive imagery,” interference and shaping, forced school attendance, implosion, and parent retraining programs have been used successfully in reinstating school attendance. However, many of the follow-up studies are superficially conducted and more detailed long term follow-ups are needed. Furthermore, experimental evidence indicating the superiority of the behavioral approach is warranted. Both group design and single case studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of particular behavioral methods. Also, examination of the most effective treatment combinations should be undertaken. Finally, the full involvement of relevant school personnel, utilizing behavioral principles in prevention and early treatment of school phobia, appears to be an essential facet of a broad spectrum behavioral approach