109 Proceedings of the Council. Appointment of Cornmittees. The Council elected on March 1st held their first meeting on March Izth, when they appointed the Standing and Special Committees with their respective chairmen (see pp. 78-80). In view of the importance of the functions of the Nomina- tions and Examinations Committee and the Institutions Committee, and the general interest taken in their work, it was decided to amalgamate the two Committees, the Council as a whole constituting the new body. Three additional Special Committees have been appointed : (I) Legal and Parliamentary, (2) Benevolent Fund, and (3) Research Chemicals Committee. The Revised Regulations. The revised Regulations for admission to the Institute can now be obtained gratis on application to the Registrar.The following synopsis covers only the main requirements : PRELInlINARY EXAMINATION. candidates are required -All to have passed an approved Preliminary Examination unless the Council in exceptional circumstances decide to accept other evidence of general education. STUDENTSHIP.-The minimum age for registration will be sixteen years. At the time of application the Student must be undergoing training at a recognised university or college, or with a Fellow in a laboratory or works approved by the Council. The names of Students who do not qualify for the Associateship within seven years will be removed from the Register, but such Students may, at the discretion of the Council, be re-registered. 110 Registered Students are required to comply with the Regulations relating to admission to the Associateship which are in force at the time of their registration ; but Students at present registered may apply to present themselves under the new Regulations.Other candidates for the Associateship are required to comply with the Regulations in force at the time of their application for admission. TRAINING.-The compulsory subjects-Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics-remain the same as in the previous Regula- tions, the course in Chemistry extending over at least four years’ day training. The standard for the subsidiary and optional subjects is that of an approved University Inter- mediate Science course, with the following additional require- ments: viz., that the course in Mathematics must include elementary calculus, and the courses in Higher Physics and Higher Mathematics must correspond with those required for a recognised University Degree or a diploma of equivalent standard.The training of a candidate for the Associateship by evening classes is formally recognised, provided that the candidate is engaged in the practice of chemistry during the day and attends a systematic course in the required subjects, previously approved by the Council, extending over at least five years,. and is recommended by his teachers as a candidate for examination. Candidates are required to produce evidence of having passed the class examinations in all the requisite subjects, or having obtained, by examination, an approved degree or diploma covering the necessary subjects.ASSOCIA4TES~1~is attainable by examination by candidates who have fulfilled the prescribed training or who have obtained a degree including the necessary subjects, and have worked for a further year in a recognised university or college, or for two years with a Fellow in a laboratory or works approved by the Council. 111 The Council will also consider applications from candidates, not less than twenty-seven years of age, whose qualifications are not in accordance with the foregoing requirements, pro- vided that they are satisfied that such candidates have fulfilled equivalent conditions (prescribed in the Regulations), that they have been engaged in the study and practice of chemistry for at least ten years and are recommended by at least three Fellows.The Associateship may be granted (without Exami- nation) to graduates with first or second class honours in chemistry or holders of diplomas recognised by the Council as equivalent, who have completed a four years’ course in the requisite subjects or a three years’ course supplemented by approved experience in a laboratory or works approved by the Council. Applications from candidates possessing diplomas of a specialised character will be decided on their merits. Exceptional cases, provided for by the resolutions adopted by the Institute in General Meeting held in April, 1918, will not be considered after December 31st, 1921. Applications for special consideration under the temporary (war) measure must be received at the office on or before August Ist, 1920, except in the case of any candidate whose academic training was seriously interrupted by service with the colours.The Examination .for the Associateship will occupy at least five days, and will consist of :-(A) An examination in general theoretical chemistry. Candidates will be required to show a thorough acquaint- ance with the fundamental laws and the current theories of chemistry, together with the properties and the methods of preparation of the more important elements and of their compounds, both inorganic and organic ; their application in the arts and industries.At least two papers including questions in inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry, will be set. (B) An examination in @acticaL chemistry. Exercises in qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis (both gravimetric and volumetric), including the analysis of 112 allays, ores and minerals, and the determination of substances present in minute quantities, as impurities or otherwise, in commercial products. Preparation and purification of well-defined chemical substances. Organic analysis, including the recognition and deter-mination of the elements and of typical groups and radicles ; the identification of organic compounds. Gas analysis. The determination of physical constants and the use of physical instruments employed by chemists.The examination in quantitative analysis may include the performance of some operation selected from the candidate’s own record. Candidates are required to satisfy the examiners as to their ability to translate technical literature from French and German into English with the aid of dictionaries. Another foreign language may be substituted for French with the approval of the Council. FELLowsHIP.-Every Associate applying for election to the Fellowship must produce evidence that he has been, since his admission to the Associat eship, continuously engaged in the study and practice of chemistry in a manner satisfactory to the Council, and must pass an examination in a specified branch (see below) or produce evidence satisfactory to the Council-(i.) That he has carried out original research of sufficient merit ; OY (ii.) That he has devised processes or inventions of sufficient merit ; OY (iii.) That he is possessed of knowledge and ability equiva- lent to having fulfilled the conditions contained under (i.) or (ii.) above.The Examination for the Fellowshifi will occupy at least five days. Each candidate for the examination is required to 113 select a Branch, and, where necessary, section and group in which he desires to present himself, such selection to be approved by the Council. BRANCHA.-Inorganic Chemistry. The candidate will be expected to show a fundamental knowledge of inorganic chemistry, with an intimate know- ledge of the methods of inorganic analysis, qualitative and quantitative, and the methods of research.In addition, the candidate will be expected to show a special theoretical and practical knowledge of one of the following sections :-Section I. Mineral Produck-The nature and economy of ore and mineral deposits ; crystallography ; identi-fication of hand samples of ores, coals and minerals ; methods of sampling, analysis and assay, with reports thereon ; methods of examination by the microscope and spectroscope, and interpretation of the results ; treatment of minerals (other than smelting for metals) to obtain substances useful in the arts and manufactures. Section 11. MetaZZur~y.-Sampling, analysis and assay of ores, minerals, fuels, metals and alloys, used in metallurgical processes and of metallurgical products, with reports thereon; analysis of furnace and fuel gases ; fuel economy ; metallurgical processes, includ- ing electro-chemical methods ; metallurgical apparatus and plant ; the principles underlying the preparation of alloys ; thermal analysis ; metallography ; prepara-tion of specimens and recognition of characteristic structures of metals, ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, and of structural changes produced in them by various forms of thermal and mechanical treatment ; spectro-scopy ; pyrometry.Section 111. Manufactured Products.-- The chemistry and technique of the manufacture of one important group of inorganic substances (acid, alkali, cement manu-facture, etc.), including the chemistry and treatment of 114 all related materials and by-products ; the methods oi analysis employed in the industry selected ; the sources of raw materials ; the application of finished products. Economic conditions of manufacture.At least one paper will be set on the general principles of the branch and one paper on the section selected, and the practical examination will occupy not less than four days. BRAXCHB.-Physical Chemistry. The candidate will be expected to show a fundamental knowledge (theoretical and practical) of the methods, instru- ment s and apparatus employed in physico-chemical processes and investigations, and of the methods of research. In addition, he will be expected to show a special know-ledge of the application of physico-chemical methods to one important branch of industry.At least one paper will be set on the general principles of the branch and one paper on the particular industry selected, and the practical examination will occupy not less than four days. BRANCHC.-Organic Chemistry. The candidate will be expected to show a fundamental knowledge of organic chemistry, the methods of organic analysis, qualitative and quantitative ; the determination of constants of organic compounds and the methods of research. In addition, the candidate will be expected to show a special knowledge of the chemistry and technique of the manu- facture of one important group of organic compounds (oils, fats and waxes ; coal tar dyes ; drugs ; essential oils ; alka-loids, etc.), including the chemistry and treatment of all related materials and by-products ; the methods of analysis employed in the industry selected ; the sources of raw materials ; the application of finished products.Economic conditions of manufacture. At least one paper will be set on the general principles of the branch and one paper on the particular industry selected, 115 and the practical examination will occupy not less than four days. BRAKCH D.-Agricultural Chemistry. The candidate will be expected to show a fundamental knowledge of chemistry (theoretical and practical) in relation to agriculture ; the technique of bacteriology and microscopy ; the methods of research. In addition, the candidate will be expected to show a special theoretical and practical knowledge of the chemical and physical characteristics of soils, farmyard manure, f ertilisers and feeding stuffs ; insecticides, fungicides, sheep dips, etc. ; the chemistry and biology of plant growth ; nutrition ; meta-bolism of food ; evaluation of diets ; residual values ” ofl‘ fertilisers and feeding stuffs and their economic value ; the chemistry of farm and dairy products ; the storage and pre- servation of crops; the purification and treatment of water and sewage and their use in agriculture ; enzymes ; the nature and functions, and the identification, of the more common micro-organisms, which have useful or deleterious action in agricultural industries.The candidate will be expected to be fully conversant with the Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs ,4ct and other legislation relating to the chemical aspects of agriculture, and to be able to frame his reports in accordance therewith. At least two papers will be set, and the practical work will occupy not less than four days. BRAXCHE.-The Chemistry (including Microscopy) of Foods and Drugs, apzd Water. The candidate will be expected to show a fundamental knowledge of chemistry (theoretical and practical) in relation to foods and drugs ; the technique of microscopy and bacterio- logy ; methods of research. In addition, the candidate will be expected to show a special theoretical and practical knowledge of the chemistry of foods and their constituents ; their origin, composition and analysis ; the commercial preparation and preservation of 116 food ; the identification and estimation of the adulterants, impurities and preservatives which may be found therein ; the general principles of dietetics.The examination of water, sewage and effluents. A knowledge of the drugs and chemicals used in pharma- copceial preparations and prescriptions ; their recognition, microscopical and chemical examination and analysis ; the determination of impurities and falsifications ; the pharma- cological action and the therapeutical value of drugs. A general knowledge of pcmisons and their effects, including a knowledge of the dangers from poisoning by chemicals used in trade processes ; the metbods of toxicological analysis ; the detection of blood stains ; the examination of urine. The examination of antiseptics and disinfectants.The candidate will be expected to be fully conversant with the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts and with other Acts and Regulations relating to food, drugs, poisons, dangerous trades, etc., and to be able to frame his reports in accordance there- with. At least two papers will be set, and the practical esamina- tion will occupy not less than four days. BRANCHF.-Bio-chemistyy. The candidate will be expected to show a fundamental knowledge of chemistry (theoretical and practical) in relation to plant and animal life ; the technique of microscopy and bacteriology ; methods of research.In addition, the candidate will be expected to show a special theoretical and practical knowledge of the technical application of bio-chemistry in one impcrtant field. At least two papers will be set, and the practical esamina- tion will occupy not less than four days. Bmxs G.-Chemical Eqineering. The candidate will be expected to show a fundamental knowledge of chemical engineering and technology and the methods of industrial research ; the application of well-known chemical and physical laws to industrial operations ; the 117 development, control, and transmission of power and heat ; fittings and stores ; operations and plant, of which general use is made in chemical industry for the treatment and handling of materials, finished products, waste products and effluents. The properties of materials which affect their application to the construction of plant and apparatus in chemical works ; the making and interpretation of working drawings of plant ; process costs ; works accounts.In addition, the candidate will be expected to show a specialised knowledge of the chemistry and technique of one important branch of industry, including the chemistry and treatment of all related materials and by-products, and the methods of analysis employed in the industry selected ; the sources of raw materials ; the application' of finished products ; economic conditions of manufacture. The candidate will be expected to be fully conversant with the Factory Acts and other legislation relating to the industry selected, and to possess a knowledge of safety devices and rescue work.*4t least two papers will be set on the general principles of chemical technology, and two papers on the selected industry, and the practical work will occupy not less than three days. Qirestions which might involue the disclosure of zinpzrblished processes and details of plant in patticzdar works will not be pztt. NOTES. Brayzches A, B and C.-These branches are suitable for those chemists engaged in analytical, consulting or research work in connection with industry. Questions will not be set involving an intimate knowledge of chemical plant or of chemical engineering, though the candidate will be expected to have a general knowledge of the plant used in the special industry he selects.Rmnclz D.-This branch is suitable for chemists desiring to qualify as Official Agricultural Analysts, and as analysts and consultants in chemical matters relating to agriculture. 118 Bmfzch E.-This branch is suitable for chemists capable of acting as Public Analysts under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, and as analysts and consultants in chemical matters relating to food and drugs. The examination in this branch is conducted on lines approved by the Local Government Board for England and Wales, and the Local Government Boards for Scotland and Ireland, who accept the certificate granted on passing this examination as evidence that the holder is qualified for appointment as Public Analyst under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts. The functions of the Local Government Boards for England and Wales and for Scotland have now devolved upon the Ministry of Health and the Scottish Board of Health respectively.Branch F.-This branch is suitable for chemists engaged in analytical, consulting or research work, involving the application of bio-chemistry. Eranch G.-This branch is suitable for chemists concerned with processes and plant in industry. A certificate will be issued to each successful candidate showing the branch in which he has passed, and the group of industries selected for special consideration. FEEs.-The Examination and Entrance Fees have been amended in certain particulars, but may be further modified when the revised By-Laws have been adopted.The list of Universities, Colleges and Institutions has been extended by the addition of colleges and institutions cotitied from time to time in the Journal and Proceedings. Public Analyst and Medical Officer of Health. The Town Clerk of the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney recently notified the Institute of the proposal of the local authority to appoint a chemist and analyst. The oficer to be appointed was required to be qualified to hold the position as public analyst in accordance with the regulations as to competency of the Ministry of Health. The conditions which 119 it was proposed to attach to the appointment prescribed that the chemist and analyst should act under the direction of the medical officer of health in so far as the arrangement of work was concerned, and other conditions attached to the appoint- ment indicated that the authority intended that the public analyst was to be suborclinate to the medical officer of health for the Borough.The proposal was therefore brought to the notice of a Joint Committee of the Institute and the Society of Public Analysts, on whose recommendation a letter of protest was addressed, on behalf of the Councils of the two bodies, to the Borough Council, embodying the following views :-The Sale of Food and Drugs Acts provide that a public analyst shall be appointed by the local authority and answer- able directly to the authority ; there is no ground for providing that he shall be answerable to a medical officer of health.While the Councils of the Institute and the Society agree that the direction of the taking of samples should be controlled by a responsible officer, they hold that, under the provisions of the Acts, it is the duty of the analyst to report to the purchaser of the sample-the person submitting the sample for analysis in accordance with the Acts---who may be a private purchaser or a medical officer of health or other officer specified in Section 13 of the Act of 1875. The analyst, therefore, is not necessarily required to comply with the condition proposed by the local authority that he should correctly analyse every sample submitted by the medical officer of health and expedi- tiously report the result of the same to that officer.The conditions of appointment provided that certificates of analysis should be delivered to the medical officer of health for submission to the Health Committee ; whereas, under the Acts, such certificates are to be given to the person submitting the sample for analysis, as above, although there is no apparent objection to the reports being transmitted to the Health Committee. Next, the conditions provided that the medical officer of health was to advise as to whether there was sufficient evidence, in the report of the analyst, to justify legal procedure ; but since the Acts were not entirely in the interests of health but very largely for protection against fraud, the Councils expressed the opinion that, in the majority of cases, public anaiysts themselves are best fitted to advise their authorities whether the results of analysis are such as to justify legal proceedings.The conditions of appointment also provided that the analyst should inform the medical officer of health in the event of absence from duty and arrange with that officer as to the time of taking annual vacation. While admitting that it was highly desirable that the two officers should be mutually informed of such absence and arrangement for vacation, the Councils held that this clause also appeared to indicate that the public analyst was to be in some measure subordinate to the medical officer of health. The Councils, therefore, asked the Stepney Borough Council to revise the terms of the appointment in order to make it quite clear that the public analyst is to be an independent officer and in no way subordinate to the medical officer of health, although answerable, as provided in the Acts, to the Borough Council and the Ministry of Health.The two professions in question are entirely distinct and require a different preparation and training. The principle involved in the suggestion that the public analyst should be in any way subordinate to the medical officer of health is contrary to the interests of the profession of chemistry, while the proposed conditions, if insisted upon, would undoubtedly have the effect of dissuading many qualified men from becoming candidates for the appointment.It would be as unreasonable to require the Town Clerk to be answerable to the medical officer of health in legal matters or to require a workman engaged in one trade on a building to be answerable to a work-man engaged in another trade. The Town Clerk was requested to submit the communica- tion to the Borough Council and to the Health Committee. The conditions to which exception was taken by the Councils of the Institute and the Society of Public Analysts were not 121 included in the announcement originally made with regard to the appointment. Four candidates for the appointment, Members of the Institute, were invited to an interview, and some only then became aware of the additional conditions attaching to the appointment.Two candidates then withdrew and one of the remaining two was appointed. The Borough Council subsequently expressed their regret that they were unable to see their way to modify the conditions attached to the appointment. The correspondence had been forwarded to the Ministry of Health with a letter urging that the conditions, so far as they affect the appointment of public analyst, should be modified to render the analyst independent of the medical officer of health. income Tax. Further correspondence has passed between the Institute and the Commissioners of Income Tax with regard to abate- ment on the subscriptions of Fellows and Associates. The Commissioners have forwarded a copy of an agreement which, however, is hardly applicable to the Institute, as it is intended for Trade Associations.Under this agreement, subscriptions could be admitted as an expense in computing profits only in the case of trading members (private practitioners), and no allowance could be made in the case of those occupying salaried appointments, while in computing the income of the Association the subscriptions received from members in the latter category would not be assessed. The agreement, therefore, would operate adversely to the Institute, and would not benefit the members. In Part I. of the Journal reference was made to the appoint- ment of representatives to a Joint Committee of the National Union of Scientific Workers and other Bodies to form a deputation to Government with a view to securing and regularising abatement of income tax on subscriptions to scientific societies, and on the cost of journals, books, and instruments.A memorial is being prepared which the Joint Committee propose to address to the Lords of the Treasury. 122 Ex-Service Chemists. The Ministry of Labour, through its Appointments Depart- ment, has made a special appeal to business and professional men to assist in solving the problem of resettling demobilised officers in civil life. The Institute has accordingly signified its readiness to do all that is possible in the way of helping chemists who have served with the forces. Happily, ex-service chemists who are without appointments are at the present time few in number : those whose names are on the Appoint- ments Register of the Institute are regularly receiving lists of suit able vacancies.Poison Gas. In answer to a question put in the House of Commons on March gth, Mr. Winston Churchill, Minister for War, said that the question as to the wisdom of abolishing poison gas as a recognised method of warfare was an important one, which ought to be discussed by the League of Nations. At present the difficulty of preventing discoveries in this form of warfare, and the danger that preparations might be made unknown to us, made it very necessary that we should be in a position to protect our troops against novel forms of this kind of attack. It was one of those subjects that should receive the attention of a great international body.123 Local Sections. Edinburgh and East of Scotland.-The Annual Meet ing of this Section was held in the Cockburn Hotel, Edinburgh, on December Izth, 1919,Dr. T. W. Drinkwater presiding. The officers and committee for the ensuing session were elected. Mr. A. M. Cameron raised the question of the supply of chemicals and apparatus with special reference to the position created under the proposed “ Anti-Dumping ” Bill, and a dis-cussion followed in which the following took part : the Chair- man, Drs. Leonard Dcbbin, H. E. Watt, and J. F. Tocher, Messrs. C. Norman Kemp, B. D. Porritt, W. A. Williams, J. Adam Watson, S. Stewart, W. T. H. Williamson, and E. Anderson. Mr. A. M. Cameron moved : “ That this meeting is strongly of opinion that the Council of the Institute of Chemistry should bring to the notice of the Government Departments concerned the great importance of ensuring that before any Regulations or Orders concerning laboratory chemicals or scientific appa- ratus be made under the proposed ‘ Anti-Dumping ’ Bill, the advice of the Council of the Institute, or of persons nominated by them, be sought.” Mr.B. D. Yorritt seconded, and, on being put to the meeting, the resolution was carried unanimously, it being decided to forward a copy for the information of the Council. The First Annual Dinner of the Section was held in Fer- guson and Forrester’s Restaurant, Edinburgh, on February 23rd, 1920, Dr. T. W. Drinkwater, Chairman of the Section, presiding.Telegrams were read from Sir Herbert Jackson, President, and the Registrar, expressing regret at their inability to attend and conveying good wishes for a successful gathering. There were present as guests Dr. D. S. Jerdan, Chairman 124 of the Edinburgh Section of the Society of Chemical Industry, and Mr. J. Rutherford Hill, Secretary of the North British Branch of the Pharmaceutical Society. In the course of his remarks the Chairman referred with satisfaction to the appointment of Dr. J. F. Tocher as repre- sentative of the chemical profession on the Consultative Council for Medical and Allied Services in connection with the Scottish Board of Health. During the evening a musical programme was provided, to which the Chairman, Dr.A. Lauder, Dr. J. F. Tocher, Messrs. J. A. Watson, A. W. F. Chatfield, N. T. Hay, and W. F. Martin contributed. A topical element was introduced by Dr. Drinkwater, who recited verses on “ The Atom,” composed for the occasion, and containing numerous allusions to modern conceptions of atomic structure. The next meeting of the Section will be held tcwards the end of April. Gretna and District Section.-Meetings of the Section have been held each month, when matters of scientific and professional interest have been submitted for informal dis- cussion. On Friday, November 28th, a discussion was intro- duced by Mr. William Caw on “ The Possibility of the Ignition of Explosives and Explosive Vapours. ’’ On Monday, Decem- ber zznd, the postponed Annual General Meeting took place at Eastriggs ; a short accoant of the past history of the Section was given by the Secretary, and arrangements were made for the future work.On Friday, January 16th, Mr. T. H. Gant opened a discussion on “ The Chemist in Politics ” ; on Friday, February zoth, a discussion was introduced by Mr. J. S. Hill on “ Some Problems of Water Analysis,’’ and on Thursday, March 25th, Mr. H. R. Neech dealt with “ The Present Position of Sulphuric Acid.” Irish Section.-A meeting of the Section will be held in the near future, at which Mr. J. W. Parkes will exhibit a number of lantern slides illustrating the methods of production of Cordite. 125 Liverpool and North-Western Counties Section.-A Smoking Concert was held in March, Mr.Watson Gray pre- siding, and the arrangements being organised by Mr. William Doran. The March meeting of the Liverpool Section was the best attended since the inaugural meeting. The subjects for discus- sion were the remuneration of chemists and the closing of the profession. The Section proposes to send resolutions to the Council on these subjects. Meetings are held on the second Thursday in each month except during July, August, and September. London and South-Eastern Counties Section.-On Wednesday, February 18th~ Mr. A. Chaston Chapman gave a lecture before the Section in the Council Room of the Institute. The subject selected was “ Yeasts,” and the lecture was illustrated by lantern slides.Mr. Chapman introduced the subject with portraits of the pioneer workers on the subject, describing their work which led up to the modern classification of the various types of yeasts and allied organisms. A hearty vote of thanks was passed to the lecturer. An announcement was made that at future meetings arrangements would be made for a “ question time ” during which members of the Section would be given an opportunity of asking for information on professional and technical matters. Manchester and District.-The Annual General Meeting of the Section was held in the Victoria Hotel on December 17th~1919,nearly forty members being present. The Chairman, Mr. James Grant, gave an account of the work of the Section during the year, and indicated the lines of future progress.At the conclusion of the formal business Mr. C. E. Potter opened an interesting discussion on the position of the many youths now training as chemists’ assistants in factories, in particular with regard to their prospects of ultimately gaining 126 admission to the Institute. The importance of the matter was emphasised by several speakers in the animated discussion which followed. The First Ordinary General Meeting of the session was held in the Council Chamber of the College of Technology on February 25th, 1920. About thirty-five members were present, Mr. L. E. Vlies presiding. The chief item on the agenda was the consideration cf the new Bye-laws regulating the election of Council.The demo- cratic principle involved in the new proposals was much appreciated although several speakers expressed the view that still further steps towards democracy were desirable. The next meeting will be held in the College of Technology on Wednesday, April zst, at 7 p.m. South Wales Section.--The Fifth General Meeting of the South Wales Section was held in Swansea on January 31st, 1920, when an interesting and instructive paper was read by Mr. A. E. Caunce, M.Sc., on The Intensive Working of aI‘ Sulphuric Acid Chamber. ” A discussion ensued and numerous questions were asked and answered. A hearty vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. Caunce. At a meeting held on March 27th a paper was read by Mr. C. M. W. Grieb on ‘I Mercury Fulminate and Detonators.” The next meeting of the Section will be held towards the end of May.127 Personal. The Council record with much regret the death of Mr. Walter William Fisher, of Oxford, a past member of Council and past Examiner. John Charles Burnham, C.S.Z. Prof. Percy Faraday Frankland, Francis Howard Carr. P.R.S. Edgar Reginald Deacon, M.B.E. Charles Simmonds. William Porter Dreaper. Henry Lloyd Snape. Edward Victor Evans, M.B.E. Harold Blythen Stevens. John Jacob Fox, M. U.E. Peter Wright Tainsh. William Howieson Gibson, M.B.E. Thomas John Underhill. Prof. Gilbert Thomas Morgan, F.R.S. X.B.E. Clement William Bailey. Reginald Genders. Marmaduke Barrowcliff. Kenneth Claude Devereux Hickman. Harry Thornton Cahert.Henry James Hodsman. James Scott Dick. William Christian Rothersall. Percy Vivian Dupre. John Price Mi!lington. William Buckland Edwards. Lionel Orange.Arthur Thomas Etheridge. i Cyril James Peddle. Aquila Forster. Hugh Edmund Watts. Archur Edward Garland. 128 Mr. F. H. Carr has jcined the Directorate of Messrs. The British Drug Houses, Ltd. Dr. E. H. Cook has been appointed City Analyst for Bath. Mr. W. S. Curphey has been nominated to act on a Com-mittee of the Ministry of Health, to consider the present state of the law with regard to pollution of air and advise upon steps for the diminution of such pollution. Major Stanley Elliott has been appointed Analyst to the Royal Army Medical College, Millbank. Mr.Charles Estcourt has resigned his public appointments, including that of Public Analyst for the City of Manchester, to which Mr. Harri Heap has been appointed, and Public Analyst for the Boroughs of Oldham and Macclesfield, to which Mr. S. E. Melling has been appointed. Mr. A. R. Ling has been appointed to the Adrian Brown Professorship of Brewing in the University of Birmingham. Dr. G. W. Monier-Williams, Mr. L. M. Nash and Mr. George Stubbs, have been appointed members of a Committee of the Ministry of Health on Condensed Mill; Standards. Mr. B. D. Porritt has been appointed Director of Research to the Research Association of British Rubber and Tyre Manufacturers. Dr. J. F. Tocher has been appointed a member of the Consultative Council on Medical and Allied Sciences of the Scottish Board of Health.The Council of the Royal Society have recommended the undermentioned Fellows of the Institute for election to the Fellowship of the Society :-Dr. E. F. .~4rmstrong, Mr. A. Chaston Chapman, and Prof. Robert Robinson. Prof. T. H. Easterfield, who has resigned his Chair in the Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand, has forwarded some interesting particulars of Cawthron Institute, of which he has been appointed the first Director. This Institute promises to be of great importance in the Dominion, and its establishment should be noted by British chemists generally. The main funds for the endowment of the Institute are derived under 129 the will of the late Thomas Cawthron, to the value of over E220,000, be-queathed to trustees for the purchase of landand the erection and maintenance of an Industrial and Technical School, Institute and Museum.The Institute, to be situated at Nelson, will contain a,museum illustrative of the industries. of the Nelson provincial district and the chief scope of its work will be instruction in and performance of scientific research, definitely related te the industries of Nelson and of the Dominion. The research work will in the first instance bear chiefly upon agriculture and in particular upon fruit growing. Provision will be made, as funds permit, for systematic research upon the chemistry, physics and biology of soils, the development of forest lands, including reafforestation, the utilisation of clays and other minerals, the fishing industry, and such other subjects as may from time to time be deemed important and worthy of study.It will be an industrial and technical school, teaching effectively the application of science to national industries, but properly organised research will be the main function of the institution. The National Efficiency Board of the Dominion Government has made a recommendation in favour of the encouragement of scientific research, and there is a prospect of the Cawthron Institute receiving a subsidyespecially in consideration of the substantial amount of death duties paid on the bequest. RAMSAYMEMORIALFuND.-A sum of &25,000 has been allotted towards the erection of a Ramsay Memcrial Laboratory of Chemical Engineering on a site to be provided by the Senate of the University of London.The total required for building and equipment is L50,000,and a further sum of L25,ooo is required as an endowment fund for the provision of salaries and maintenance. The Ramsay Memorial Executive Com-mittee have decided to close the general fund in June, 1920. Contributions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurers, Lord Glenconner and Prof. J. Norman Collie, at University College, Gower Street, London, W.C. 133 The Library. Since the issue of the Proceedings for 1919,Part II., the Library Committee have had much pleasure in acknowledging the following gifts :-BARRETT,E., B.Sc., A.I.C. : A First Class-Book of Chemistry.E. Barrett, B.Sc., and T. Percy Nunn. London, 1920. BELL,14. D., A.I.C.: Insect Life on Sewage Filters. W. H. Parkinson, M.D., and H. D. Bell, A.I.C. London, 1919. OF THE JOURXAL CHEMISTRYTHEPROPRIETORS OF BIOLOGICAL (per H. D. DAKIX,D.Sc., F.R.S., F.I.C., and A. N. RICHARDS): Journal of Biological Chemistry, continued. CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS: Chemistry for Textile Students. Barker North, A.R.C.S., F.I.C., and Norman Bland, M.Sc. Canxbridge Gnicersity Press, 1980. CLOWES,FRANK,D.Sc., P.I.C. : A Treatise on Qualitative Analysis. Frank Clowes, D.Sc., F.I.C., and J. Bernard Coleman, A.R.C.S., F.I.C. 9th Edition. London, 1920. COXSTABLE& Co., LTD.: The Manufacture of Chemicals by Electrolysis. Arthur J.Hale, B.Sc., F.I.C. London, 1919. The Profession of Chemistry. Richard B. Pilcher. London, 1919. DANCASTER,E. A., B.Sc., A.I.C. : Limes and Cements: their Nature, Manufacture and Use. E. A. Dancaster. London,, 1919. OF RESEARCHDEPARTMENT SCIENTIFICAND INDUSTRIAL : Second Report on Colloid Chemistry and its General and Industrial Applications. Lowlon, 1919. AND STOUGHTONHODDER LTD.: Chemistry from the Industrial Standpoint. P. C. L. Thorne, B.A. London, 1919. A Foundation Course in Chemistry for Students of Agriculture and Technology. J. W. Dodgson, B.Sc., A.I.C., and J. Alan Murray, B.Sc. London, 1920. HODGKINSON,W. R., C.B.E., Ph.D., F.I.C.: Die Glasfabrikation. H. E. Bcnrath. Brunswick, 1875. 131 JACKSON, P.G., F.I.C.: Boiler Feed Water. P. G. Jackson, F.I.C. London, 1919. JONES,E. GABRIEL,M.Sc., F.I.C. : Chemistry for Public Health Students. E. Gabriel Jones, RLSc., F.I.C. London, 1920. KNGZETT,C. T., F.T.C. : Popular Chemical Dictionary. C. T. Kingzett, F.I.C. London, 1919. LUCAS, ALFRED, F.I.C. : Legal Chemistry and Scientific Criminal Investigation. A. Lucas, F.I.C. London, 1920. LUXMOORE,C. M., D.Sc., F.I.C. : A collection of text-books, works of reference, English and foreign journals, and pamphlets, relating to chemistry, physics, mathematics and allied sciences, including a number of standard works still in general use and journals which have contributed towards making up the sets of the Institute. MACMILLAN& CO., LTD.: A Class-Book of Organic Chemistry.J. B. Cohen, F.R.S. Volume 11. London, 1919. NEWMAN,L. F., M.A., F.I.C., and NEVILLE,H. A. D., F.I.C.: A Course of Practical Chemistry for Agricultural Students. Volumes I. and 11. Cambridge, 1919 and 1920. NORTH, A.R.C.S., F.I.C.:BARKER, Chemistry for Textile Students. Barker North, A.R.C.S., F.I.C., and Norman Bland, T\I.Sc. Cambridge, 1920. RIBBLE JOIKT COMMITTEE: Proceedings, 1918-19. Preston, 1919. SANDERSON,JOHN,F.I.C. : English and American scientific journals, previous contributions con- tinued to date. SHERRATTAND HUGHES: Chemists’ Year Book. Edited by F. W. Atack, XSc., F.I.C. Two volumes. London, 1919. SPIELMAXN, E., Ph.D., B.Sc., A.R.C.S., F.I.C.:PERCY Some Constituents of Coal Tar and their Properties.Translated, with additions and emendations, from ‘‘ Ueber seltenere und ReinprK- parate aus Steinkohlteer,” Weger, Zeitschrift fur angewandte Chemie. Eercy E. Spielmann, Ph.D., B.Sc., A.R.C.S., F.I.C. London, 1919. SPON,E. & F. N., LTD.: Chemists’ Manual of Non-Ferrous Alloys. J. R. Downie. London, 1920. STEVENS, H. P., M.A., F.I.C. : The Paper Mill Chemist. 2nd Edition, revised and enlarged. H. P. Stevens, M.A., F.I.C. London, 1919. 132 STEWART,A. W., D.Sc., A.I.C. A Collection of Monographs, mainly in French, relating to the Chemistry of Public Health. The Committee have also received a considerable number of pamphlets and reprints. BOOKS PURCHASED. Analytical Chemistry.Volume II., Quantitative Analysis. F. P. Tread-well, Ph.D. Translated by W. T. Hall. 4th Edition. London, 1919. Annual Reports of the Chemical Society. Volumes VII. to XII., XN. and XV. London, 1911-1918. Annual Reports on the Progress of Applied Chemistry. Volumes 11. and 111. London, 1917 and 1918. Economic Geology. Heinrich Ries. 4th Edition. London and Nez Yo&, 1916. First Report on Colloid Chemistry and its Industrial Applications. London,1917. Physical and Chemical Constants. G. W. C. Kaye, M.A., D.Sc., and T. H. Laby, M.A. 3rd Edition. London, 1919. Text-Book of Inorganic Chemistry. Volume IX., Part I. J. Newton Friend, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.C. London, 1920. The Library Committee look to the Fellows and Associates for the continuance of their generous support.The Committee will be glad to receive gifts of any of the following, which are needed to complete sets :-Publication. Wanted. The Analyst ... ... ... Vols. 3 and 4. The Chemical News ... ... Vol. 29, Nos. 748 and 754 ; Vol. 30, Nos. 766, 767 and 786. The Chemical Trade JournaI ... 1’01.27, No. 610. Chemiker-Zeitung ... Vols. 1-17, inclusive. Chemisches Zentralblati;” ... The first four series, and Vol. 1 of the 5th series. Comptes Rendus ... ... From commencement to 1877, inclusive and 1894 onwards. Journal of the Board of Agriculture ... ... ... From Vol. 2, Part 3, to Vol. 7, Part 3, inclusive. Journal of the Institute of Brewing ... ... ... 1898 (Nos. for January and March) ; 1899 (No. for February).Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering ...... ... Vols. 1-4 of the Metallographist, in-clusive. Proceedings of the Royal Society ... ... ... Vols. 1-12 (1862), and Vol. 25 (1876)onwards. Zeitschrift fiir angewandte Chemie ... ... ... From commencement to 1898 ; and 1901. 133 Books and their Contents. Books marked * have been presented by the authors or publishers, and may be seen in the Library of the Institute. “ Annual Report of the Director, U.S.A. Bureau of Standards.” Pp. 298. (U.S.A. : Government Printing Office, Wash- ington.) “Chemistry of Coal, The.” Chemical Monograph Series No. VI. By J. B. Robertson, M.A., B.Sc., A.I.C. Pp viii & 96. (London : Gurney and Jackson.) 3s. 6d. net. Classification and occurrence, origin, action of solvents : oxidation, destructive distillation ; analysis, sampling, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis ; properties on combustion ; bibliography.*“ Chemistry from the Industrial Standpoint.” By P. C. L. Thorne, B.A. Pp. xvi & 244. (London: Hodder and Stoughton, Ltd.) 4s. 6d. net. Melting, freezing ; extraction of sulphur by melting ; solution ; extrac-tion of salt by solution : crystallising ; separation of solids and liquids : types of large-scale filters ; evaporation : condensation ; separation of liquid mixtures and solutions ; separation of dust : soluble gases ; sublimation ; chemical changes ; elements and compounds : atoms and their relative weights : molecules : chemical symbols and equations ; more complex changes, winning metals from ores ; manufacture of bromine, water-gas, chlorbenzene ; double interchange : manufacture of nitre and of nitric acid from Chili saltpetre ; Leblanc process for soda ; ammonia-soda process ; elements : non-metals ; elements : metals ; oxides of non-metals and their acids ; acid hydrides : acids ; oxides of metals : alkalis : bases ; salts in general ; rate of chemical change : effect of concentration and temperature ; speeding up of changes by catalysis : contact process for sulphuric acid ; chamber process ; Deacon process for chlorine ; hydrogenation of oils ; electric current : makingcarbon disulphide, calcium carbide, cyanamide, etc. ; use of the electric current in decomposition ; electrolytic method of obtaining caustic soda, sodium carbonate and chlorine from salt.*“ Chemistry for Public Health Students.” By E. Gabriel Jones, M.Sc., F.I.C. Pp. ix & 244. (London : Methuen & Co., Ltd.) 6s. net. Use of balance ; volumetric analysis ; milk ; butter and margarine ; alcoholic beverages ; various foods, their composition and adulteration with some details of the methods of analysis ; methods of preservingfoods ; water ; sewage effluents ; air ; disinfectants ; preparation of solutions. *“ Chemistry for Textile Students.” By Barker North, A.R.C.S., F.I.C., and Norman Bland, M.Sc. Pp. viii & 379. (Cambridge University Press.) 30s. net. Introductory : physical states of matter, physical and chemical changes ; preliminary study of the atmosphere ; composition of the atmosphere ; preliminary study of water ; composition of water ; preliminary study of carbon dioxide ; elements and compounds ; systematic study of the non-metals : hydrogen ; oxygen ; classification of oxides : acids, bases and salts ; nomenclature of compounds, valency ; acidimetry and alkalimetry ; further study of water ; further study of the composition of water ; hydrogen, peroxide and ozone ; nitrogen and the atmosphere ; compounds of nitrogen ; chlorine and its compounds : sulphur and its compounds ; carbon and silicon and their compounds ; chemistry of the hydrocarbons and their derivatives : preliminary ; hydrocarbons of the paraffin series ; halogen derivatives of the hydrocarbons ; alcohols and ethers; aldehydes and ketones; the fatty acids; ethereal salts or esters ; nitrogen compounds ; unsaturated hydrocarbons and their derivatives ; other organic acids used in the textile industries ; carbo-hydrates ; benzene derivatives ; technical textile chemistry : textile fibres ; artificial fibres ; scouring agents and detergents ; bleaching,discharging and mercerising agents ; mordanting and fixing agents ; dressing, finishing, weighting, waterproofing and fireproofing materials.Appendix : tables of vapour pressure of water, hygrometry, strengths and specific gravities of common acids and alkalis ; bibliography ; index. *“ Coal Tars and their Derivatives : The Production of Tars from Gas Coals, Coke Ovens, Water Gas, Oil Gas, Lignite, Wood, and Peat ;the Manufacture of Pitch, Asphalt, and Bitumen ; and the Chemical Examination and Analysis of the Raw Materials and Bye-Products of the Industry.” By Dr.G. Malatesta. Translated from the First Italian Edition, with Revisions, Corrections, and Additions by the Author. Pp. xii and 530. (London and New York : E. & F. N. Spon, Ltd.). 21s. net. Historical Account. Paramount importance of the coal tar industry ; tar obtained from the manufacture of illuminating gas ;tar obtained in the manufacture of industrial coke ; tar compounds. Tar distillation ; light oil ; pitch ; distillation of lignite (brown coal) tar. Analytical : Analysis of fuels from the point of view of their bye-products. *“ Course of Practical Chemistry for Agricultural Students, A.” By L.F. Newman, M.A., F.I.C., and Prof. H. A. D. Neville, M.A., B.Sc., F.I.C. Vol. I. Pp. 235. (Cam-bridge University Press.) 10s. 6d. net. Air ; hydrogen ; composition and properties of water ; carbon dioxide ; ammonia ; hydrochIoric acid and chlorine ; acids ; nitric acid ; bases ; 135 salts ; equivalents ; standard solutions ; metals ; preliminary tests for bases ; general examinations for acids ; scheme of analysis adapted for a soil or a plant ash ; scheme of analysis adapted for identification of manures; analysis of plants and plant ash; calcium compounds; phosphatic manures ; manufactured phosphatic manures ; estimation of phosphate in manures ; potash manures ; nitrogenous manures ; organic refuse manures ; farmyard manure ; various physical properties of soil ; retention of manures by the soil ; rapid examination of a soil ; mechanical analysis ; properties of gases ; density, specific gravity (solids) : density, specific gravity (liquids) ; thermometers, melting and boiling points ; specific heat ; latent heat ; surface tension and capil- larity ; appendix.“ Essentials of Chemical Physiology, The ” (for the use of students). By Prof. W. D. Halliburton. Tenth edition. Pp. ii & 324. (London: Longmans, Green & Co.) 7s. 6d. net. “ Examination of Materials by X-rays, The.” From the Transactions of the Faraday Society. A General Discus- sion held by the Faraday Society and the Rontgen Society. (London : The Faraday Society.) 13s.6d. net. “ Food : Its Composition and Preparation.” By M. F. Dowd and J. D. Jameson. Pp. viii & 173. (New York : J. Wiley & Sons, Inc. ; London : Chapman and Hall, Ltd.) 6s. net. ‘‘ Food Poisoning and Food Infections.” By W. G. Savage. (Cambridge University Press.) 15s. Food as vehicle for transmitting bacterial disease ; foods inherently poisonous ; idiosyncrasy ; clinical and general features of outbreaks ; Gaertner group of bacteria ; poisoning of unspecified bacterial origin ; sources and methods of inspection ; botulism ; chemical poisons un- intentionally introduced (1) during manufacture, (2) from containers ; chemical preservatives ; prevention of outbreaks ; methods of in-vestigat ion.*“ Foundation Course in Chemistry for Students of Agriculture and Technology, A.” By J. W. Dodgson, B.Sc., A.I.C., and J. Alan Murray, B.Sc. Second edition, thoroughly revised, with new chapters. Pp. xii & 240. (London : Hodder and Stoughton, Ltd.) 6s. 6d. net. Matter and energy; air; chief gases of the atmosphere; water; hydrogen ; general principles ; oxides, acids, bases, and salts ; lime-stone ; common salt : sulphur ; ashes ; sand and clay ; compounds of nitrogen ; organic matter ; paraffins and their derivatives (aliphatic 136 compounds) ; natural organic compounds (aliphatic) ; benzene and allied compounds (aromatic compounds) ; notes on some of the metals ; Bailliere, ‘Iindall, and physical chemistry ; appendix. “Fuels for Power Generation, The Use of Low-Grade and Waste.” By J.B. C. Kershaw, F.I.C. Pp. x and 202. (London : Constable & Co., Ltd.) 17s. net. Fuels : Peat, lignite, bagasse and wocd waste, coke and coke breeze, culon and washing waste, towns’ refuse and garbage, pitch, waste gases. Scientific control : Sampling and testing calorimetric t.ests, boilers and furnaces, automatic C02 apparatus. “ Fuel Production and Utilisation.” By H. S. Taylor, D.Sc. Pp. xvi & 297. (London: Bailliere, Tindall & Cox.) 10s. 6d. net. Direction combustion of coal ; destructive distillation of coal ; utilisa tion of coke; gasification of coal; carbonisation residuals as fuel; lignite, peat, wood ; synthetic fuels. “Fuel, Water and Gas Analysis for Steam Users.” By J.B. C. Kershaw, F.I.C. New edition. Pp. xii & 201. (London : Constable & Co., Ltd.) 12s. 6d. net. Origin ; sampling ; apparatus ; methods of practical application of results ; calorific valuation of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels ; Gontal’s formula ; use of fuels of low calorific value ; typical tests. ‘‘Hydrogenation of Oils, The.” Catalysers and Catalysts, and the generation of hydrogen and oxygen. By Carleton Ellis. Second edition, thoroughly revised and enlarged. Pp. xvii & 767. (London : Constable & Co., Ltd.) 36s. net. *“ Insect Life on Sewage Filters.” By W. H. Parkinson, M.D., D.P.H., and H. D. Bell, A.I.C. Pp. viii & 64. (London : The Sanitary Publishing Co., Ltd.) 3s. 6d. net. Introduction ; description of the achorutes viaticus, habits, etc.; algae,bacteria, etc. ; classification ; effect on filters ; experiments and effects on nitric and albuminoid nitrogen and oxygen absorption. ‘‘ Introduction to Physical Chemistry.” By Prof. James Walker, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.I.C. Eighth edition. Pp. xiii & 443. (London : Macmillan & Co., Ltd.) 16s. net. Gift ----Inmemory of her husband, a Priest ley Scholar and a Fellow and Member of Conncil, Mrs. Bcdford McNeill has very kindly presented the Institute with a bronzed cast statuette of Priestley, a replica of the statue at Birmingham, which is here illustrated. The Council have gratefully accepted the gift and, in conveying their thanks to Mrs. hlcNeil1, have expressed their additional pleasure in receiv- ing it, because the figure was adopted, with the consent of the sculptor the late ilk.Francis John Williamson, as the main feature in the design of the seal of the Institute. CHARLESEDWARDGROVES,F.R.S Secvetavy : 1877-1887 ; Regzstvar and Secvetavy : 1887-1892 137 Ions, Electrons and Ionizing Radiation.” By Dr. J. A. Crowther. Pp. xii Pr 176. (London: E. Arnold.) 12s. 6d. net. Passage of a current through an ionised gas ;properties of the gas ions ; charge of an ion ionisation by collision ; phenomena of the discharge tube ; cathode rays and positive rays ; emission of electricity by hot bodies ; photo electricity ; X-rays; a-rays, /3 and y rays ; radioactive gases ; radium and its products ; some problems in radioactivity ; the electron theory of matter.‘‘ Laboratory Manual of Elementary Colloid Chemistry.” ByE. Hatschek. Pp. 130. (London : J. and A. Churchill.) 6s. 6d. Dialysis ; suspensoid solids ; organosols, emulsoid sols and gels ; egg-albumen sol ; emulsion ; ultra filtration ; optical methods of exaniina- tion ; cataphoresis ; electrolytic precipitation of suspensoid sols ; protection ; viscosity measurements ; adsorption ; capillary analysis ; adsorption isotherms ; Liesegang phenomena. *“ Legal Chemistry and Scientific Criminal Investigation.” By A. Lucas, F.I.C. Pp. viii & 181. (London : E. Arnold.) 10s. 6d. net. Introduction ; notes on cases ; alcoholic liquors ; antiquities ; blood stains ; building materials ; bullets and other projectiles for firearms ; clothing ; counterfeit coins ; damage to crops ; documents ; dust and dirt ; explosives and explosions : fibres ; finger prints ; fires ; firearms ; foods and drugs ; gold and silver wares ; hashish ; poisons ; pollutionof water by sewage; robbery from letters and parcels; stains and marks ; string and rope ; textile fabrics ; tobacco ; traps for criminals.‘‘ Life and Letters of the late Prof. Sylvanus Phillips Thompson, The.” Compiled by Jane S. Thompson and Ellen G. Thompson. (London : Fisher Unwin.) 21s. net. *“ Limes and Cements.” By E. A. Dancaster, BSc., A.I.C. Pp. vii & 220. (London: Crosby Lockwood & Son.) 7s. 6d. net. Bibliography ; progress of discovery in the science connected with limes, etc. ; chemistry and classification of limes ; composition and origin of the rocks which furnish different kinds of lime; calcinsfion of lime- stones ; artificial hydraulic limes ; pozzolanic and slag cements ; Port-land cements ; varieties of Portland cement ; natural cements ; plaster cements ; slacking of limes ; sands, pozzolanas and other materials used with lime in the preparation of mortar ; mortars ; concrete ; plastering ; stuccos ; waterproofing cements ; bituminous and oleaginous cements ; “ saltpetreing ” of limes, cements and plasters ; chemical analysis of limes and cements ; physical and mechanical tests.138 “ Manganese Ores.” By A. H. Curtis. Pp. x & 118. Imperial Institute Monograph.(London : J. Murray.) 3s. 6d. net. Manganese ores ; their occurrence, character and uses ; sources of supply ; references to literature. “ Manual of Agricultural Chemistry.’’ By H. L. Ingle, B.Sc. Fourth edition. (London : Scott, Greenwood & Sons.) 15s. net. “ Manual of Dyeing, A.” By Prof. E. Knecht, Ph.D., F.I.C., C. Rawson, F.I.C., and R. Loewenthal. Fifth edition, reprinted. Vols. I. and 11. Pp. vii & 902. (London : C. Griffin & Co., Ltd.) 42s. net. Chemical technology of textile fibres ; water washing and bleaching ; acids. alkalis, mordants, etc. ; natural colouring matters ; artificial organic colouring matters ; mineral colours ; machinery ; analysis and valuation of materials. ‘‘ Manufacture of Intermediate Products for Dyes.” By Dr.J. C. Cain, F.I.C. Pp. x & 273. Second edition revised. (London : Macmillan & Co., Ltd.) 10s. net. Benzene series ; chloro and chloronitro derivatives ; sulphonic acids ; nitro compounds ; amino compounds and diamino compounds and their chloronitro and sulphonic derivatives ; benzaldehyde and its derivatives ; carboxylic acids and their derivatives ; pyrazolones. Naphthaleneseries : nitro naphthalenes ; naphthalene sulphonic acid ; naphthyl-amines and naphthylamine sulphonic acid and naphthylamine diamine sulphonic acid ; naphthols ; nitro-0-naphthol ; naphthol sulphonic acid ; dihydroxynaphthalene and sulphonic acids ; aminonaphthol-sulphonic acids ; naphtholcarboxylic acids and their derivatives ; acenaphthene quinone.Anthracene series : anthraquinone and its derivatives ; quinizarin and anthrarufin, methylanthraquinone and its derivatives ; benzanthraquinone. “ Mineralogy of the Rarer Metals, The.” By E. Cahen, F.I.C., and W. 0. Wootton. Second edition, revised. Pp. xxxii & 246. (London : C. Griffin & Co., Ltd.) 10s. 6d. Alkali metals, Bi, Ce ; rare earths, La, etc. ; Ga, Os, In, Mo, Nb and Ta ; platinum group; radium; Sc, Se, Te, Th, TI,W, U, V, Y, Zr; geo-graphical distribution ; assaying ; analysis. ‘I Monographs on Industrial Chemistry : Cement.’’ By Bertram Blount, F.I.C., assisted by W. H. Woodcock and 139 H. G. Gillett. Pp. xii & 284. (London : Longmans, Green & Co.) 18s. Historical ; raw materials; fuel; manufacture ; power; works control ; testing; methods of analysis; Portland cement; function of con-stituents ;uses : by-products ; and five appendices, containing factors, tables and specifications.“ Nature of Enzyme Action, The.” By Prof. W. M. Bayliss. Fourth edition. Pp. xviii & 190. (London : Longmans, Green & Co.) 7s. 6d. “ Paper Making and its Machinery.” By T. W. Chalmers, B.A. Pp. 178. (London: Constable & Co., Ltd.) 26s. net. Cutting, cleaning and boiling ; washing, breaking and bleaching ; purifymg and pulping ; beating ; refining ; Tomdrinier machine ; pulpstrainers ; tub sizing ; calendering, cutting and winding ; wood-pulp ; coating of art papers, finishing ; coating of photographic paper.“ Physical Chemistry of the Metals.” By R. Schenk & R. S. Dea. Pp. viii & 239. (London : Chapman and Hall, Ltd.) 17s. 6d. net. Properties of metals ; metallic solution and alloys ; alloys with carbides, oxides and sulphides; iron and steel; mattes; phase rule; metal-lurgical reaction ; oxidation and reduction ; carbon monoxide ; blast furnace process ; reaction of sulphides. “ Qualitative Analysis in Theory and Practice.” By Prof. P. W. Robertson and D. H. Burleigh. Pp. 63. (London : E. Arnold.) 4s. 6d. net. Decomposition replacement ; double decomposition ; oxidation and reduction ; metallic radicles, acid radicles ; insoluble substances and alloys ; ionic theory. “ Quantitative Analysis by Electrolysis.” By A. Classen and W. T.Hall. Revised edition. Pp. xiii and 346. (London : Chapman and Hall, Ltd.) 17s. 6d. Introduction ; electro analytical determination of Cu, Ag, Hg, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Bi, Sb, Sn, As, Te, Zn, Fe, Ni, Co ; metals deposited as such on the cathode or as oxide on the anode; elements deposited only as amalgams ; separation of metals ; special analysis. ““Report of the Fuel Research Board for the years 19x8, XgIg., ’ Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Pp. ii & 57. (H.M. Stationery Office.) IS. 6d. net. 140 Soil, The ” : An Introduction to the Scientific Study of the Growth of Crops. Ry Sir A. D. Hall. Third edition. Pp. xv & 352. (London : J. Murray.) 7s. 6d. net. Origin ; mechanical analysis ; texture ; tillage and movements of soi 1 water ; temperature ; chemical analysis ; living organisms ; power of absorption ; fertility ; sterility ; soil types ; typical analyses. *“ Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, A.” Vol.IX:, Part I. By Dr. J. Newton Friend, F.I.C. Pp. xvii & 367. (London: C. Griffin Pr Co., Ltd.) 18s. net. General characteristics of the elements of Group VJII. ; cobalt and its compounds ; nickel and its compounds ; ruthenium and its compounds ; rhodium and its compounds ; palladium and its compounds ; osmium and its compounds; iridium and its compounds; platinum and its compounds ; detection and estimation of the platinum metals. “ Textbook of Quantitative Analysis.” By Dr. A. C. Cum-ming, O.B.E., F.T.C., and S. A. Kay. Third edition.Pp. xv & 416. (London: Gurney and Jackson.) 15s. net. “ Tin Ores.” By G. M. Davies. Imperial Institute Mono- graphs. Pp. x & III. (London : J. Murray.) 3s. 6d. net. Their occurrence, character and uses ; sources of supply ; references to literature. CORRIGENDUM. In the notice of Dr. Cain’s book on “ The Chemistry and Technology of the Diazo Compounds, ” published by Edward Arnold, which appeared in Part I. of the Journal, the price should have been mentioned as 12s. 6d. instead of 19s. 6d. 141 Obituary. PHILIPANDERSON who died at Old Trafford on NovemberESTCOURT, 20th, 1919, aged 53 years, was the son of Mr. Charles Estcourt, City Analyst for Manchester. He was associated in practice with his father for about 37 years, except for a period of about three years during which he was Chemical Assistant on the staff of the London County Council.He was Deputy Public Analyst for Manchester for several years prior to 1908, when owing to failing health he was obliged to proceed to New Zealand, where he remained until shortly before his death. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1894. WALTER WILLIAM FISHERdied at Oxford on February 7th, 1920, in his 78th year. He graduated in the University of Oxford and in 1872 was appointed Aldrichian Demonstrator in Chemistry at Corpus Christi College in succession to Mr. T. H. Wyndham. He held appointments as Public Analyst to the counties of Berks, Bucks, and Oxon, the boroughs of Ayles- bury, Banbury, and Oxford City, and as Official Agricultural Analyst for Oxford County and City.He was a Past President of the Society of Public Analysts, served as a member of the Council of the Institute for three periods, and was Examiner in the Chemistry of Foods and Drugs from 1903 to 1907. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1888. CHARLESEDWARDGROVES,an Original Fellow of the Institute, died at Kennington Green, on February lst, 1920, in his 79th year. Born at Highgate, he was educated at Brixton College, and received his training in chemistry at the Royal College of Chemistry under Hofmann. He became Senior Assistant to Dr. John Stenhouse, F.R.S., and was engaged with him, for some years, in organic research-much of which was published in the Transactions of the Chemical Society-at a private laboratory in Rodney Street, Pentonville, where he continued until Dr.Stenhouse’s death in 1880. He took an active part in the foundation of the Institute, was a member of the three organisation committees, was first Secretary from 1877 to 1887, Registrar and Secretary from 1887 to 1892, and a Vice-president from 1892 to 1895. In 1880, he was appointed Lecturer in Chemistry at Guy’s Hospital, from which appointment he retired in 1901. He was also Editor of the Journal of the Chemical Society from 1884 to 1889 in succession to Henry Watts. For over twenty years he was Chemical Adviser and Analyst to the Thames Conservany. from which position he retired in 1909. He is said to have introduced the use of india-rubber corks in laboratory work and to have originated the glass Liebig condenser.He edited “ Calvert’s Dyeing and Calico Printing,” two volumes of “ Miller’s Chemistry,” and two volumes of “ Fresenius’ Analysis ” ; and was joint author with William Thorp of two volumes on Chemical Technology. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1883, and was a Past Member of Council and Past Vice-president of the Chemical Society. At his funeral, which took place at Streatham Cemetery, the Institute was represented by the Registrar. 142 Changes in the Register. At the meetings of the Council held on January 23rd and February 27th, 1920, 4 new Fellows were elected ; 7 Associates were elected to the Fellowship ; 31 Associates were elected ; and 142 Students were admitted.The Institute has lost z Fellows by death. S. =Naval, Military, or Air Servicc. M. = Munitions. New Fellows (By Examination). Beach, Fredcrick Frank, M.A. (Oxon), B.Sc. (Lond.), 18, Prince Street, Bristol. Brook, George Bernard, The 'White Lodge, Dore, near Shcffield. New Fellows. Coulthard, Albert, R.Sc. (Vict.), Ph.D. (Freiburg). The Airds, Bennett Road, Crumpsall, Manchester. [Research Chemist, British Dyestuffs Corpora- tion, Ltd.] Eyre, John Vargas, M.A., Ph.D. (Leipzjg), La Quinta, Wye, Kent. [Fins-bury Tech. Coll. Dip. ; Director of Research, Linen Industry.] Associates Elected to Fellowship. Brannigan, Peter Joseph, D.Sc. (Q.U.B.), 137, Springfield Road, Belfast. Bullock, Edmund Rayner, B.Sc., A.R.C.S.(Lond.), The Eastman Kodak Co., Kodak Park Works, Rochester, N.Y., U.S.A. Foster, Henry Stennett, 21, Fitzwilliam Street West', Huddersfield. Goddard, Ernest Donald, B.Sc. !Land.), 37, Alwyn Avenue, Chiswick, London, W. 4. Haythornthwaite, Alan, B.Sc., A.R.C.S. (Lond.), 62, North Side, Clapham Common, London, S.W. 4. Ingham, John William, Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh. Mather, Ewart, B.Sc. (Lond.), Ruabon Chemical Works, Ruabon. 143 New Associates (By Examination). Barber, Harold Hayden, B.Sc. (Lond.), 38,Vicarage Avenue, Derby. Haycock, John, Hill Top House, Great Glen, near Leicester. McHatton, Laurence Patrick, A.R.C.S., 30, Hotham Road, Putney, London, S.W. 15. Sparling, Miss Ellen Emma, Brooke House, Brooke Street, Holborn, London, E.C.1. Whalley, Hubert Charles Siegfried de, The Laboratory, The Molassine Co., Ltd., Tunnel Avenue, Greenwich, London, S.E. 10. New Associates. Alexander, Thomas Stuart, B.Sc. (Manc.), The School House, The Avenue, Cirencester, Glos. [S.] Becker, Frederick Oscar Pitt, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), 42, Victoria Avenue, Surbiton, Surrey. [Research.] Boardman, William, c/o William Hythe 8: Co., Church, Lancs. [Tech. School, St. Helens ; Liverpool Univ. ; S. ; M.] Burgess, Henry, B.Sc. (Birm.), Calverhall, Whitchurch, Salop. [M.] Cashmore, Albert Eric, B.Sc. (Birm.), Gladstone Road, Dorridge, near. Birmingham. [S. ; M. ; Research.] Clulow, Frederick Stanley, A.R.C.S., 67, Platt’s Lane, Hampstead, London, N.W.3. [S. ; Research.] Cooper, Cecil Hamer, B.Sc. (Manc.), Hawk House, King Street, Oldham, Lancs. [S.] Daniels, Richard George, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., 5 Peterborough Villas, Fulham, London, S.W. 6. [S. ; Research.] Green, Captain John Russell, M.C., B.Sc. (Lond.), 18, Goring Road, Llanelly, S. Wales. [S.] Hill, Miss Ellen Susan, B.Sc. (Lond.), 30, Rylands Road, Beeston, Notts. [Research.] Husband, Alfred Dudley, Four Mile House, 3ucksburn, Aberdeen, N.B. [Toronto Tech. School ; Univ. Coll., London and Toronto. Univ. ; S. ; Research.] King, James Lawrence, B.Sc. (Lond.), 41, Wembdon Road, Bridgwater, Somerset. [S.] Lewis-Dale, Percy, B.Sc. (Lond. 1, 157, Ruskin Road, Crewe. [Manchester Coll. of Technology ; Analytical Chemist, L.& N.W. Ry. Co.] Lindsay, Miss Johan Dunlop, B.Sc. (Aberd.), 77, Beaconsfield Place, Aber deen. [Admiralty.] MacDougall, Duncan, A.R.T.C., 9, Yarrow Gardens, Kelvinside, N., Glas- gow. [S.]M~M,Donald, B.Sc. (Lond.), c/o Mrs. Buchan, Garthland, Eglinton Place, Saltcoats, Ayrshire. [S.] 144 Mann, Frederick George, B.Sc. (Lond.), 2 I, Thurlby Road, West Norwood, London, S.E. 27, [S.] Mason, Captain Horace George, M.B.E., B.Sc. (Vict.), R.E. Experimental Station, Porton, Wilts. [S. ; Research and Inventions.] Oates, Frank, M.B.E., B.Sc. (Lond.), 5, Langside Avenue, Putney, London, S.W. 15. [S.; M.] Reeves, Harry Gordon, B.Sc. (Birm.), 48, Devonshire Road, Handsworth Wood, Birmingham. [Research.l Rhead, Thomas Fred Eric, M.Sc.(Manc.), Fair Holme, Malvern Road, Acocks Green, Birmingham. [Research ; Publications.) Roach, William Arthur, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts. [S. ; Research.] Saunders, Captain Kenneth Herbert, B.Sc. (Lond.), St. John’s College, Cambridge. [S. ; M. ; Research.] Shearcroft, Walter Francis Fairfax, B.Sc. (Lond.), King’s School, Peter- borough. [M.] Smith, John, B.Sc. (Glas.), 31, Dempster Street, Greenock, Scotland. [Asst. to Prof. of Chemistry.1 Smith, Louis Gregory, The Brewery, Falkirk. [Univ. Coll., Dundee ; Heriot-Watt Coll., Edinburgh ; M.] Stansfield, William James, A.R.C.S., 23, Bell Hall Terrace, Savile Park, Halifax. [Deputy Head, Chemistry and Dyeing Dept.] Thomson, William Lockerbie, B.Sc.(Edin.), 34, Craighouse Avenue, Edin- burgh. [Research.1 Tribley, Harold George, High Street, Yetminster, Sherborne, Dorset. [Finsbury Tech. Coll. Dip. ; S.] Watson, George Marwood, A.R.C.S., B.Sc. (Lond.), 115, Hainton Avenue, Grirnsby, Lincs. [M. ; Research.] Williams, William Henry, M.A. (Cantab.), 6, Belgrave Road, Leyton, Lon- don, E. 10. [Royal Mint.1 CoRRIGmDuM.-In the list of new Associates notified in the Journal, Part I., thk word “ Research ” should have been added to the entry of T. C. Kenny. New Students. Allam, Joseph Dobson, Lynton, Heathcote Grove, Chingford, London, E. 4 Armour, Miss Janet Foote, 55, Gardner Street, Partick, Glasgow. Armour, John, 55, Gardner Street, Partick, Glasgow. Atherley, Samuel Walter, 86, Front Street, Arnold, Notts.Back, Sydney, 179, Belsize Road, Kilburn, London, N.W. 6. Bains, Leslie, 5, Carlton Road, Stroud Green, London, N. 4. Bakewell, Ernest, 9, Woodhouse Street, Nottingham. 145 Bates, Henry Hutchinson, 179, Spring Vale Road, Bheffield. Baylis, Charles Edmund, 13, Bridge Road, East Ham, London, E. 6. Bellerby, Charles William, Downing College, Cambridge. Biggs, Sidney Harold, 15a, Rockmount Road, Plumstead, London, S.E. 18. Bostock, Alfred, 17, Byron Street, Ilkeston, Derbyshire. Boyes, George Richardson, 61, Balham Hill, London, S.W. 12. Branch, Leslie Ernest Thomas, 200, Cranbrook Road, Ilford, London, E. 1. Brazier, William Ernest, 71, Waterloo Promenade, Forest Road, Nottingharn. Brow, William Thomas, 12, Ryehill Place, Leith, Scotland.Brown, Derek Goudie, 77, Mount Annan Drive, Cathcart, Glasgow. Burdett, Arthur Ernest Dixon, Meadow Croft, Burkes Road, Beaconsfield, Bucks. Byron, John Percy, 7, Pavilion Road, West Bridgford, Notts. Callingham, William Ernest-, 11, Matthews Street, Battersea, London, S.W. 11. Carter, John Stabley, Holly Farm, Farnley, Leeds. Clayton, Cyril James, 21, Upper Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park, London, w. 2. Coffey, Samuel, 67, Palin Street, Hyson Green, Nottingham. Cole, Frederick, Prospect Place, Howden-le-Wear, Go. Durham. Cook, James Wilfred, 6, Showhury Road, Fulham, London, S.W. 6. Corbet, Alexander Steven, Abbeystone House, Sidmouth Street, Reading. Courtney, William Barry, 12, Caithness Road, Mitcham, Surrey.Creasy, John James, 18, Kohat Road, Wimbledon, London, S.W. 19. Cressingham, John Harold, 29, Longbridge Road, New Barking, Essex. Currie, Robert Matthew Hamilton, Ashbourne, Barterholm, Paisley. Dawson, George Alexander, Salisbury House, Campsie Glen, near Glasgow. Dodds, Gilbert Elliot, Allerton, Liberton, Midlothian, Scotland. DOW, William Thornton, The Cottage, Gilmerton, Midlothian, Scotland. Doxey, Frederick William, 51, Gore Road, Merton, London, S.W. 19. Driver, John Edmund, 43, Dovecot Lane, Beeston, Notts. Eaton, Frederick John, 2, Atholl Place, Edinburgh. Egan, James Patrick, Clyclemount, Hyde Road, Gorton, Manchester. Elliott, George Robert, 27, Lady Bay Road, West Bridgford, Nottingham. Emmott, Sidney, 37, Main Street, Crosshills, near Keighley. Evans, Benjamin Beardmore, 48, Oakwood Road, Sparkhill, Birmingham.Evans, Miss Dorothy, Longcroft, Oakerthorpe, Alfreton. Foster, Frank, Station Road, Brockholes, Huddersfield. French, Herbert, 9, Shandow Plsce, North Merchiston, Edinburgh. Garrie, David Nicol, 3, Tullibody Road, Alloa, Scotland. Glen, William, Woodleigh, Murray Street, Paisley. Goodman, Lewis, Hilleston, Cleanthus Road, Shooters Hill, London, S.E. 18. Griggs, Edward Walter, 141, Capel Road, Forest Gate, London, E. 7. Grundy, James Gibson, 4, Henry Street, Bolton, Lancs. Halliwell, Tom, Eaglehurst, Bracken Road East, Brighouse. 146 Hallum, William, 75, Mill Street, Rutherglen, Lanarkshire. Hart, Leslie Ralph, Beaulieu, St.Albans, Herts. Hatfield, John Smith, 30, St. George’s Court, Gloucester Road, London, S.W. 7. Hawley, James, Montague House, 67, Millhill, Musselburgh. Hayes, Sydney Richard, Rutland, 19, Woodbrooke Road, Bournville, Birmingham. Hewis, Harold Wilton, 819, Hucknall Road, Nottingham. Hickman, George, 83, Gladstone Road, Sparkbrook, Birmingham. Houghton, Arthur Sereld, 7, Lincoln Street, Chelsea, London, S.W. 3. House, Cecil John, 132, Hailsham Avenue, Streatham Hill, London, S.W. 2. Howes, Herbert Stanley, Belle Monte, Devizes, Wilts. Hulme, Henry Cecil, 29, High Street, King’s Heath, Birmingham. Jamieson, Morris, 14, Deerpark Gardens, Tollcross, Glasgow. Jarrett, Wilfred Thomas, 124, East Street, Sittingbourne, Kent. Jeffrey, John George Alexander, 14, Cumberland Street, Edinburgh. Johnston, James, 80, Balgreen Road, Edinburgh, W.Kapur, Purushottam Das, c/o Messrs. Thomas Cook & Son, Ludgate Circus, London, E.C. 4. Kershaw, Fred Greenwopd, 75, Cranbourne Road, Waterloo, Ashton-under- Lyne, Lancashire. Knights, Edward Donovan, 197, Upper Dale Road, Derby. Litchfield, Arthur Frank Darwin, 10, Knyveton Road, Bournemouth. Louden, Charles Robertson, 4,South View, Dalmuir, Dumbartonshire. Lowe, George Morris, 4, Kyverdale Road, London, N. 16. Macnair, Peter Mackenzie, 37, Lawrence Street, Partick, Glasgow. Madden, Frank Cox, 8, Xerton High Street, Wimbledon, London, S.W. 19. Marson, Cecil Brit,tain, 157, Murray Road, Rugby. Matthews, Geoffrey Charles, 31, Stapenhill Road, Burton-on-Trent.&Carter, Geoffrey Lailey, 34,Milford Road, Great Lever, Bolton, Lancs. McCartney, William, 5, Mortonhall Road, Edinburgh, Scotland. McDonald, Alexander, 1399, Argyle Street, Glasgow. McGeorge, Walter, 707, Govan Road, Glasgow. McKenzie, William, Mayfield, Dalratho Road, Grangemouth. Mernagh, Laurence Reginald, 6, Grosvenor Road, Highbury, London, N. 5. Merrylees, James Simpson, 167, Glasgow Street, Ardrossan, Ayrshire. Millar, William Harry, 606, Alex’andra Parade, Glasgow. Mitchell, Thomas Corlett, Templehall Buildings, 168, Quarry Street, Hamil. ton, Scotland. Moir, Hugh C., 7, Craigrelen Street, Dennistoun, Glasgow. Moore, Quintin, Garrowbank House, Riddrie, Glasgow. Neilsen, Edgar Axel, 16, Beechfield Street, Cheetham, Manchester.Newbound, Reginald, Ivy Villa, Chatham Street, Newark-on-Trent. Nisbet, Hugh Bryan, 3, Maurice Place, Edinburgh. Overell, Frank Herbert, 107, Florence Road, Wimbledon, London, S.W. 19. 147 Parsons, Ian Herbert, 54, Queen Anne Street, London, W. 1. Pearce, Cecil Charles, Sunny Croft, Wotton-under-Edge, Glos. Phillips, Cyril Henry John Vezey, 190, Algernon Road, Lewisham, London, S.E. 13. Phillips, Lewis Henry, 2, Adys Lawn, London, N.W. 2. Pickering, Eric Charles, B.Sc. (Lond.), 35, Alexandra Avenue, Mansfield, Notts. Potter, Ernest Leslie, 28, Brookfield, West Hill, Highgate, London, N. 6. Pugh-Jones, Cecil Owen, 15, Colchester Avenue, Cardiff. Ray, William John, 5, The Crescent, Boscombe, Hants. Read, Alfred Leonard, Tiptoe, Hordle, near Brockenhurst, Hants.Read, Edwin Valentine, 1, Liberia Road, Highbury, London, N. 5. Reid, John Wardlaw, 96, Howson Road, Brockley, London, S.E. 4. Renton, Archibald, 2, Bonaly Road, Edinburgh. Ridge, Bert Pusey, Bodicote; Banbury, Oxon. Ritchie, Peter Aitken, 4, Montagu Terrace, Edinburgh. Rixon, Frederick, 10, Croxley Road, Maida Hill, London, W. 9. Robertson, Alexander, M.A. (Aberd.), Charlesfield, Turriff ,Aberdeenshire. Robins, M7illiam George, 51 ,Pershore Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Rushworth, James, 11, Smithy Carr Lane, Brighouse, Porlrshire. Seal, Ralph John, 14, Woodend, Sutton, Surrey. Shaw, Brian Duncan, Fern’s Hollow, Station Road, Ilkeston, Derbyshire. Shaw, Richard Arthur Barnsley, 3, Earl’s Court Square, London, S.W.5. Shrewsbury, Rdchard Arnold, 2, Radnor Avenue, Harrow. Smith, George Henderson, M.C., Crindledyke Cottage, Newmains, Lanark- shire-Rcotls,nd. _____ -I Smith, James Clark, Abbotsford, 16, Empress Avenue, Wanstead Park, London, E. 12. Smith, Wilfred, 76, Noel Street, Nottingham. Snodgrass, George Archibald, 11,Victoria Crescent, Dowanhill, Glasgow. Snow, Frederick Henry, 57, Cobham Road, Kingston-on-Thames. Speedy, Alan, 81, Burgess Road, East Ham, London, E.6. Steel, James King, 2, South Park Drive, Paisley. Stevens, Stanley, 114, St. Peter’s Road, Leicestcr. Tadman, Vernon Thorpe, 189, Woodboro’ Road, Nottingham. Tamplin, Morgan James, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada. Taylor, George, Brook Cottage, Matlock Green, Derbyshire.Taylor, George Vincent, 1, Glen Dene, Langdale Road, Heaton Chapel, Stockport. Thomas, Garfield, 20, College Street, Aberdare, South Wales. Thomas, Harold Hiret, 69, Blackman Lane, Leeds. Thompson, George, Ballykennedy, Dandrod, Crumlin, Co. Antrim. Thomson, Archibald, 7, Lochlea Road, Newlands, Glasgow. Todd, Eric, 8, School View, Hyde Park, Leeds. Todd, William Millan, Ferndene, Blinkbonny Road, Falkirk. 148 Trace, Leslie Herbert, 2, Victoria Mansions, Grange Road, Willesden Green, London, N.W. 10. Trescot-Brinkworth, Denis John, 83, Highbury New Park, Highbury, London, N. 5. Warburton, Eric, 57, Hornscy Rise Gardens, Crouch End, London, N. 19. Watson, David, 118, Onslow Drive, Dennistoun, Glasgow.Watson, David Lindsay, 91, Montgomery Street, Edinburgh. Webster, James D., 39, Partickhill Road, Glasgow, W. West, Walter, 32, Oakfield Grove, Bradford. Williams, Kenneth Edward Nethercoate, 64,Kingsgate Street, Winchester. Wood, Alexander, 35, Tynemouth Road, London, N. 15. Wylie, Andrew Robertson, Langlands, Bridge of Allan, Stirlingshire. Yates, Eric John Cabena, The School House, Silverdale, N. Shaffs. Young, James Pollock, 9, Anchor Place, Bellshill, Lnnarkehire. Young, William, 12, Keith Road, Hayes, Middleses. CHANGE OF NAME. Medofski, Samuel (Associate), to Medsforth. DEATHS. Fellows. Fisher, Walter William, M.A. (Oxon.). Groves, Charles Edward, F.R.S. Alteration for Register. The Registex of Associates should contain two entries as follows a-1918.Wallace, Thomas, M.Sc. (Dun.), c/o The Castner-Kellner Alkali Co., Ltd., Wallsend, Northumberland. 1918. Wallace, Thowas, M.Sc. (Dun.), University of Bristol, Research Station, Long Ashton, near Bristol (Captain, R.E., M.C'.). To the entry of the name of Sidney Augustus de Lacy, add 2nd Lieut., Lancashire Fusiliers. To the entry of the name of Donald Major Wilson, add Twice mentioned in despatches. 149 General Notices. Exam inations.-The Council give notice that Examina- tions will commence on July 12th. The list of candidates will be closed on Thursday, June 3rd, 1920. Candidates who intend to present themselves can obtain further information from the Registrar. Notice to Associates.-Associates elected prior to April, 1917,who can produce evidence satisfactory to the Council that they have been continuously engaged in the study and practical applications of chemistry for at least three years since their election to the Associateship, can obtain forms of application for election to the Fellowship.Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates of the Institute of Chemistry who are available for appointments is kept at the Offices of the Institute. For full information, inquiries should be addressed to the Registrar. Fellows and Associates are invited to communicate with the Registrar in any instance in which they are able to assist in securing appointments for qualified chemists. The Li brary.-The Library is open for the use of Fellows, Associates and Registered Students, between the hours of 10 A.M.and 6 P.M. on week-days (Saturdays : 10 A.M. and z P.M.) except when examinations are being held. The Library of the Chemical Society is also available for the use of Fellows and Associates of the Institute wishing to consult or borrow books, from 10 A.M. to g P.M. on week-days (Saturdavs from 10 A.M. to 5 P.M.) . Editoria1. The Training of Chemical Assistants. THE Nominations and Examinations Committee, in the course of their work diiring the past few years, has been impressed by the proportion of candidates who have not received any systematic university or college training and yet have attained positions of responsibility in industrial under- takings.Further, the Committee found that comparatively few of such candidates had proved themselves efficient chemists in the broad sense, but many, often with a somewhat inade- quate understanding of the principles underlying their every- day practice, had become mere adepts in their own special branch of work, usually covering a restricted experience. It appears that manufacturers and employers have been, in the first instance, too apt to engage young untrained or only partly trained assistants. In the course of time many such assistants have been promoted without regard to their fitness for higher positions, and, the process being repeated, staffs of men of similar calibre have arisen in many quite important industrial concerns, the directors being unaware that such a method of scientific control was not to their own advantage, nor in the real interest of their technical employees.Clearly, progress, in the application of science to industry, will not be accelerated in such concerns until the directors learn to look for the services of highly-trained and competent men. Arising from these considerations, the question of the posi-tion of untrained chemical assistants requires to be reviewed. For many years such assistants have competed, to the detri- ment of the profession as a whole, with those who have devoted ime and money to systematic preparation for their profession, 152 in which category are included those who have supplemented the experience gained in their daily work by attendance at evening classes covering a course equivalent to a three years’ day course in chemistry and allied subjects.For the remainder, who have picked up what they could, without such instruction in their main science, with none in the collateral sciences and with usually only an ele-mentary general education at the outset, the result has been that they have found themselves in a calling with limitations, disappointing both as to scope and emolu-ments. The position has arisen partly through ignor-ance and inertia on the side of the assistants, but in some measure through apathy on the side of the employers. Had such assistants been properly advised, and exerted themselves accordingly, many would no doubt have done credit to their calling and have become of greater value to their employers ; on the other hand, the employers, including some qualified chemists, have taken young men into their laboratories with no intention of making them fit to be more than testers, and that in a very limited range of work.Further, the system under which, in the past, premium pupils have been taken, without the principals giving an undertaking to put them in the right road towards qualification, is strongly to be deprecated. If the position of the profession as a whole is to be main- tained and promoted, every youth who hopes to become a chemist should, in the first place, have matriculated or have passed an examination of analogous standard, or have an early prospect of passing such an examination, as a preliminary step to qualification.In a few industrial concerns this re- quirement has now become a sine qua non to employment in the works’ laboratory. It should be regarded as essential in all chemical laboratories that all except laboratory attendants, and these also if they hope to become chemists, should be required to improve their general education to an equivalent standard before promotion to work of any responsibility. To deal with this problem the Council of the Institute have appointed a Sub-committee to advise upon the training and 153 employment of chemical assistants. This Sub-committee will place the requirement of a reasonable standard of general education in the forefront of its recommendations.The Sub-committee propose to obtain information with regard to existing schemes for the training of chemical assis- tants in the laboratories of large industrial concerns and else- where, and to formulate a .scheme which should afford all youths entering on a career in chemistry a prospect of advance-ment ; always providing that they take steps, if they have not done so, to attain the necessary standard of general education and are willing to accept the arrangements made by their employers for their attending courses in chemistry, physics, and allied sciences, in systematic preparation for a recognised qualification. It will be recommended, moreover, that those who do not attain the necessary standard of general education, or make satisfactory progress in their technical training, should be discouraged before it is too late from continuing in laboratory work and should be taken on to the operative side of the works or advised to turn to some other calling.Attention is also drawn to the fact that the Regulations of the Institute provide for admission to the Associateship of candidates who, having passed an approved preliminary examination, have completed an approved evening course in the necessary subjects, extending over at least five years, have passed the class examinations, have been engaged in chemical work during the day throughout that period, and are recommended by their teachers as suitable for admission to examination. As an essential part of the organisation of the profession, the Council of the Institute hold that chemical assistants should not be styled " chemists " until they have become qualified.This was a point upon which stress was laid in the scheme of Government Chemical Service, published by the Institute early in 1919,and a more general observance of it in industry, by according such recognition only to the pro- perly qualified, should afford to chemical assistants a stimulus to higher qualification. It should also tend to lessen the con- 154 fusion of ideas which exists with regard to the use of the word ’‘ chemist,” since the diffkulty will be less accentuated as the term comes to be applied strictly to “ chemists ” according to the custom of all other countries where analogous terms are in use.In any case, the proper use of the word “ chemist ”-from the point of view of the Institute-will not be promoted until chemists themselves employ it solely to describe those who are competent and qualified to practise in the profession of chemistry. This opportunity is taken of stating .that many applica- tions for membership of the Institute are declined because candidates have had no training in, for example, organic chemistry or physics. Fellows are asked, therefore, when replying to inquiries respecting applications, to bear in mind that every candidate must be a chemist, with a sound grounding in the principal branches of his subject-inorganic, organic and physical-and must have an adequate knowledge of physics, mathematics, and one other cognate science, while he should also have a working acquaintance with German and at least one other foreign language.The Registrar of the Institute has been appointed a member of a Committee of the Ministry of Labour, Employ- ment Depart ment, in co-operation with the Incorporated Association of Headmasters. This Committee is mainly con- cerned with finding employment for boys from secondary schools. The Institute has received from the Committee the names of a number of youths who have passed the London Matriculation Examination and are desirous of entering laboratories to gain experience in chemistry, with a view to preparation by evening classes for the degree of BSc. (Lond.) and eventually A.I.C. Members who are able to assist in placing such youths in suitable vacancies are invited to communicate with the Registrar.