THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND FOUNDED 1877 INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1885 Patron -H.M. THE KING JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS PART I: 1942 Issued under the supervision of the Publications Committee RICHARD B. PILCHER, Registrar and Secretary 30, RUSSELLSQUARE,LONDON,W.C.1 February, 1942 Publications Committee, 1941-42 F. P. Dunn (Chairman.),J. J. Fox (President),E. E. Ayling, H. Baines, M. Bogod, R. R. Butler, F. Challecger, J. W. Cook, A. Coulthard, A. E. Dunstan, L. Eynon, E. Gregory, T. P. Hilditch, W. Honneyman, R. H. Hopkins, H. Hunter, G. W. Monier-Williams, A. C. Monkhouse, H. W, Moss, J. R. Nicholls, T. J. Nolan, Sir Robert Pickard, F. M.Rowe, Garfield Thomas, S. W. A. Wikner and F. J. Wilson.Correspondence should normally be addressed to 30, Russell Square, London, W.C.1; but should Members, Registered Students or other correspondents find difficulty in communicating with the Institute, urgent enquiries may be addressed to the Registrar, at 9, Westbury Road, Woodside Park, Finchley, London, N.12. Telephone number : Hillside 1859. Institute of Chemistry Benevolent Fund Founded in 1920 as a memorial to Fellows, Associates and Students who died in the service of their country, 1914-18. Contributions may be forwarded to The Hon. Treasurer, FUND, OFBENEVOLENT INSTITUTECHEMISTRY, 30, RUSSELL SQUARE, LONDON,W.C.1. APPOINTMENTS REGISTER Fellows and Associates are reminded to notify the Institute of suitable vacancies for qualified chemists.All communications to be addressed to the Registrar. Report of the Council: 1941-1942 (To be submitted at the Sixty-fourth Annual General Meeting of the Institute, to be held on .Monday, ad Ma+ch, 1942.) I. THE WAR. The Institute has continued to render all possible assistance to Government Departments in connexion with the war, includ- ing-the Ministry of Labour, by co-operation with the Central Register; the War Office, by supplying the names of officers for technical Commissions ; the Ministry of Home Security, with reference to the services of Gas Identification Officers; and the Mines Department, in arranging conferences on Fuel Economy. The Institute has also been in communication with the Ministry of Supply, regarding the conditions of appointments in Government factories and the supply of Laboratory Chemicals and Reagents, and with the Board of Trade, with reference to coupons for protective clothing and other matters..Representa-tions have been made through the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee on the subject of compensation for war damage to scientific laboratories and equipment , and the importance of applied chemistry as well as pure chemistry in dealing with problems arising from the war. The Council has also been called upon jointly with the Council of the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists to submit to the Ministry of Health complaints regarding the interference of Emergency Public Health Laboratory Services with the practice of public analysts and other consulting and analytical chemists. The Officers of the Institute have continued to give informa- tion and advice to members and students on questions relating to national service, reservation and similar matters.2. THE ROLL OF THE INSTITUTE. During the twelve months ended 30th January, 1942,102new Fellows have been elected, of whom 82 were formerly Associates, and one Fellow has been re-elected. 352 new Associates have been elected, of whom I 87 were Registered Students of the Institute, and 12 Associates have been re-elected. 224 new Registered Students have been admitted, and 3 Students re-admitted. r31 The Council records with regret the deaths of 44 Fellows, 22 Associates and 2 Registered Students, namely:- Fellows Lionel Leigh Smith.John Pedrozo d’albuquerque. Philip Alfred Stiff. Thomas Jarnos Rowland Leonard Temple Thorne. Alexander. Oliver Trigger, M.R.E. Frederick Bascombe. Percy James Ward. Frank Royce. Sir William Henry Willcox, Andrew Campbell. K.C.I.E., C.B., C.M.G. John Arthur Carpenter. Harry Wilson. William Lewis Davies. Lotliian M’ilson. Stanley Ernest Dawson. Thomas Richard Duggan. Associates Thomas Gifford Elliot. Walter Sydney Clark. Robert Brooke Floris. Harold Matthew Cooper. Francis Ernost Francis. Joveph Campbell Elliott, M.C. Arthur Geake. George Holland Ellis. George Harrison Gemmell. Peter Bainbr igge Fletcher. Arthur George Green, F.R.S. Harry Harper. Herbert Lloyd Hind.Bert Harris. Philip Charles Holmes Hunt. Herbert Stone Heaven. Robert Philip Keith. Sarniiel Edwards Hodgkinson. Vincent Herbert Kirkham. James Ken tish. Arthur Lapworth, F.R.S. Maurice Noel Lacell Douglas Lay. Wermann Gunther Gottschaldt William Macnab, C.B.E. Mohrhenn. Frank Maudsley. Vincent Stanley Nicholson. Harold McGowan. Oscar Lennox Ochse. James Charles Philip, O.B.R., Ronald Arthur Punter. F.R.S. Edward Norman Redsell. James Picken. Howard Walter Richards. William John Price. James Frederick Fothergill John Gustav Adolf Rhodin. Rowland. William Thomas Rigby. Herbert Louis Watson. Oswald Digby Roberts. William Trevor Wilde. Andrew John Robertson. Harry Wildman. Robert Robison, F.R.S. Cedric Warren Woolgar.Harold Rogerson. Frederick Grevile Ruddoclr. Reqistered Studenta Herbert Sutoliffe Shrewsbury. Ronald Greenwood. John Richard Skelton. Leonard Manchip. The Council has accepted the resignations of 2 Fellows, 14 Associates, and 15 StGdents. The names of 39 Associates and 144 Students have been removed from the Register, m accqrdance with the By-laws. The Register, at 30th January, 1942,contains the names of 2326 Fellows, 5713 Associates (in all 8039 members), and 785 Registered Students. The number of members has increased by 264 (57 Fellows and 207 Associates) and the number of Kcgistered Students has decreased by 21. Largely owing to the engagement of Fellows and Associates on active service or in work of national importance, many “Addresses unknown” have been listed in the JOURNAL AND ThePROCEEDINGS.Council acknowledges the kind help of members who have assisted the Registrar in tracing the [*I whereabouts of such Fellows and Associates, and will be grateful for any further assistance in this connexion. (See JOURNAL AND PR~CEEDINGS,Part 1'1, 1941,p. 338.) 3. THE COUNCIL, COMMITTEES AND REPRESENTATIVES. The Council has held 12 meetings; the Committees, Sub-Committees and Board of Examiners have held 63 meetings. COMMITTEESAND THEIR CHAIRMEN. Emergency .. .. .. .. The President. Appoinbments . . .. H. A. Tempany, Vice-President. Benevolent Fund .. i' John C. U'hite, Hon. Treasurer. -*Finance and House .. Legal and Parliamentary . ... The President. Nominations, Examinations and The President, with H. V. A. Institutions CommitCee . . .. Briscoo, Vice-President, as Vice-Chairman. Yedler Research Scholarship .. The President. Publications and Library .. F. P. Dunn. Joint Committeo with the Board of Education (National Certificates in Chemistry) .. .. .. H. V. A. Briscoo, Vice-President. Joint Committee with the Scottish Education Department (Tu'ational Certificates) . . .. .. John Weir. Supplemental Charter . . .. The President,. Special Comm,ittees: Re Nomination and Election of the Council . . .. .. .. The President. Policy Committee .. .. .. The President. Publicity . . .. .. .. A. L. Bacharach. Technical Education and Industry H. V. A. Briscoe, Vice-President.Dr. J. B. Firth was elected to the Council on the retirement of Dr. G. D. Elsdon; Mr. Louis Fletcher was elected a District Member of Council in place of Dr. W. G. Hiscock, and Dr. John Arnold Lovern was elected Member oPCouncil in the place of Captain J. S. Allan. The Institute has been represented as follows:-STATCTORYAPPOINTMEKT. Dr. G. Roche Lynch, O.B.E., Vice-President,-on the Poisons Board, constituted under the Pharmacy and Poisons Act, 1933. Tho President,-on the Chemical Council, and on tho Sir GeorgeHeilby Memorial Fund Committee. Sir Christopher Clayton, C.B.E., Past President,-on the Parlia- mentary and Scientific Committee. Sir Robert Pickard, F.R.S., Vice-President, Post Presidwt,--on the National Committee for Chemistry of the Royal Society.Dr.H. A. Tempany, C.B.E., Vice-President,-on the Chemical Council. Professor H. V. A. Rriscoe, Vice-President, Mr. A. L. Racharach, Mr. H. W. Cremer, and Dr. E. Vanstone,-on the Joint Library Committee of tho Chemical Society. Dr. Harold G. Colman,-on the British National Committee of the World Power Conference, of which he is Hon. Treasurer. Dr. H. E. Cox,-on the parliamentary and Scientific Committee. Dr. A. E. Dunstan, Member of Council,-on the Chemical Council. Mr. William Herbert Simmons,-on the Oils, Fats and Waxes Advisory Committee of the City and Guilds of London Institute. Dr. J. F. Tocher,-on the Advisory Committee appointed under the Therapeutic Substances Act. [-I The Registrar,-on the Headmasters of Secondary Hchools Employment Committee, Ministry of Labour, and on the Parlia- mentary and Scientific Committee, of which he is Hon.Txeasurer. The Assistant Secretary,-on the Chemical Trades’ Advisor)- Committee, and tlie Chemical Trades’ Examination Board of the Union of Lancashire and Cheshire Institutes. The Institute and Fellows and Associates have continued to co-operate with the British Standards Institution in the drafting of Specifications for Standards and by giving their opinions on Draft Specifications. Mr. Leslie Aitchison,-Chemicals and Chemical Plant for Electro- plating; Plated Finishes for Fittings and Equipment. Mr. S. A. Brazier,-Tests for Rubber and Rubber Products. (Specifications for testing Vulcanived Rubber and for testing Latex, Raw Rubber, and Unvulcanised Compounded Rubber have been issued.) Professor H.V. A. Briscoe, I’ice-Pre.side,Lt,-on the Chemical Divisional Council. Professor €3. V. A. Briscoe, Vice-PTeuicletit, Dr. E. H. Farmer, Meiiibcr of Couizcil, Dr. A. G. Francis, Mr. W. G. Messenger, arid the Assistant Secretary,--on Technical Committee C,’8011 Standardisation of Scientific Glasswaro . Mr. W. .J. A. Rut,terfield,--on tl Committee to co-ordinate tlit work of the Building, Chemical and Engineering Divisional Councils in its Relation to Industrial Units and Data. Dr. Harold G. (‘olmai1,- Benzole for Xotor E’uel; Sampling of Tar Products. . Dr. J. J. Fox, C.B., O.B.E., President,-Analysis of Chemicals and Materials used in Electro-plating.Mr. Walter C. Hancock and Mr. F.mi. Harbord, C.B.E.,-Cements. Mr William Herbert Simmons,- on a Technical Committee to examine the draft methods for the analysis of soaps and fats, prepared by the International Cominission for the Study of Fats. Dr. dailies Watson,--Sand Lime Bricks ;Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement,; Containers for Heavy Acids and Solvents. The President and Council had the pleasure of sending greetings and congratulations, on behalf of the Institute, to the Chemical Society and also to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, on the occasion of tlie celebrations of the ccn- tenaries of their foundations. 4. THE FINANCE AND HOUSE COMMITTEE. The Accounts for 1941 are attached (page 18).The income from subscriptions showed an increase o€ f482 19s. The fees for Examinations of the Institute showed a decrease of f32 0s. 6d. ; receipts for the Appointments Register, a decrease of L50 3s.; sale of publications, an increase of fl104 15s. 7d., reducing the additional expense on that account. Further expenditure was incurred on repairs and maintenance of the premises. Changes inevitably occurred in the staff, but the account for salaries and wages was approximately the same as for 1940. HaITing acquired good stocks of fuel and stationery, and with careful regard to the need for economy, the House and Office expenses showed a decrease of ~JIIZ 7s. The expenses of Members of Council were put on a more satisfactory basis in CGl view of the difficulties of travel at the present time.Publica-tions cost E292 10s. Id. more than in 1940, partly owing to rising cost of paper and labour, but mainly due to the inclusion in the account of a lecture, the cost of which was incurred in 1940. A sum of EI,OOO has been placed to reserve against War Contingencies, and Lr,ooo to Intermittent Publications Reserve. In addition to normal grants to Local Sections, sums amounting to L262 are held by them for possible emergencies. Life Compositions and Entrance Fees reserved for investment amounted to a sum of fT1,071 IIS.,and, taking into account the reserves for War Contingencies, Intermittent Publications and Staff Superannuation Contingences, and deducting the amount previorisly invested in excess-&479 4s.~d.-the total due for investment at the end of 1941 was L3,821 13s. 3d. The balance at the Bank in London was &,232 7s. Bd., and the balances at Banks in Australia and New Zealand amounted to the equi- valent of E1,276 6s. zd. in sterling. The pay of members of the staff who are serving with the Forces has been supplemented. The premises have been maintained in as good a state of repair as possible. The basement of the premises of the Institute has been available as a public air-raid shelter. Several tons of paper were removed for salvage. 5. BENEVOLENT FUND COMMITTEE. The Acounts for 1941 are attached (page 27). The Benevolent Fund Committee desires to express grateful7 thanks to all who have supported the fund during the past year and especially to collectors of “group ” contributions.The Committee reports that the subscriptions and annual subscriptions for Income Account showed an increase of E228 ~gs., but the donations to Capital Account, a decrease of E93 10s. gd.-excluding a special anonymous donation of E5oo received in 1940. The Committee was called upon to meet fewer appeals than usual, and certain of the recipients of regular allowances volun- tarily relinquished them on obtaining work or on changed cir- cumstances. As the result of the year’s working, the Committee was able to place E5oo to Reserve in the Post Office Savings Bank, and the balance at the end of the year was E73 4s. 8d. higher than at the end of 1940.A sum of over EIOOhas been claimed in respect of recovery of Income Tax on subscriptions received under Deeds of Covenant. The Committee feels, however-as the President has indicated in his letter, issued early in the year-that it is very necessary to endeavour to build up the fund before the end of the war. [71 As indicated in the Report for 1940-1g41, the Committee has asked Local Sections to appoint members to take special interest in the fund and in cases arising within their districts. Several Sections have already appointed such representatives, and the Committee has expressed its indebtedness to those who have been called upon to assist them in this connexion. 6. THE CHEMICAL COUNCIL. Fellows and Associates are reminded that the Scheme of co-oyeration between the Chemical Society, the Institute and the Society of Chemical Industry, advocated by the Chemical Council, came into force on 1st January, 1941.Under this scheme, Fellows and Associates may become members of the three Bodies on payment of an annual joint subscription of E5 ss., in the case of Fellows, and &j,in the case of Associates. Those who co-operate in this way are entitled to receive the publications and services of the Institute, publications not exceeding 70 units selected from the Journals, Abstracts and Reports of the two Societies, and to purchase other publications according to the scheduled prices, which are much lower than those charged to the public. The Institute undertook to collect the joint subscriptions for the year 1941 and is continuing to do so for the year 1942,but it is the intention of the Chemical Council to establish a new office for the collection of such joint subscriptions for 1943 and thereafter.In the meantime, Fellows and Associates who have not already decided to participate in the Scheme can obtain full information and appropriate forms on application to the Registrar. So far, about 1,500 Fellows and Associates are participating, and the Council hopes that as the advantages become better known the number will steadily increase. The Chemical Council contributed l250 to the maintenance of the Library of the Chemical Society, thereby reducing the contributions of the three constituent bodies, and EIOOtowards the expenses incurred by the Institute on behalf of the Council during the year.7. LEGAL AND PARLIAMENTARY. The Legal and Parliamentary Committee has been concerned during the year with questions relating to the position of public analysts under the Local Government Superannuation Act, 1937, and other questions affecting the terms and conditions of their appointments. Questions raised in the Houses of Parliament relating to matters of interest to chemists, and the replies given thereto, have been reported from time to time in the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. [SJ 8. LOCAL sEcrIoNs. In addition to Annual General Meetings and other meetings at which discussions have been held, the following records of meetings held and papers submitted have been received from the Honorary Secretaries :-BELFASTAND DISTRICT.Mr. Oliver Davies . . .. “Ancient Metallurgical Technique.“ Mr. R. A. Hamilton . . .. “Soil Fertility.” Dr. A. J. Kidney .. .. “Preserving of Foodstuffs by Canning.” ABERDEENAND NORTHOF SCOTLAND. Professor J. W. Cook, F.R.S., “Polycyclic Hydrocarbons related to Member of Council. Fluorene.” BIRMINGHAMAND MIDLANDS. Discussions on “A Post-War Policy” and on “A United Body of Chemists.” Professor K. N. Moss, O.B.E. “Energy Output and Food Requirements of Miners.” Dr. J. M. Davidson .. ‘ .. “Modern Industrial Toxicology.”Dr. A. H. Cook .. .. “Chromatographic Analysis.” Dr. A. L. G. Rees . . . . “The Electron Microscope.” Dr. E.G. Cox .. . . “Physical Methods in the Investigation of Molecular Structure.” Dr. L. H. Lampitt, Member of “The Food Industry in War Time.” Council. BRISTOLAND SOUTH-WESTERNCOUXTIES. *Mr. A. L. Bacharach .. “Biochemistry and Vitamins.” *Dr. C. G. Addingley .. “Some Aspects of the use of Asbestos in Plastics.” *Professor G. M. Bennett . . “Liquid Crystals.” *Dr. A. E. Dunstan, Member of “Oil, in Peace and War.” Council. *Professor H. T. S. Britton .. “Potentiometric Redox Titrations and the use of Redox Indicators.” *Jointly with the Local Section of the Society of Chemical Industry and Fellows of the Chemical Society. CUE. Visit to the Cape Explosives Factory, jointly with the Cape Chemical and Technological Society-Nozember, 1940. Dr.-. Mally .. .. . . Some Chemical Aspects of Entomology.” Dr. A. H. Spong .. .. “Splitting the Atom.” Professor F. Walker . . “Chemical Methods in Modern Geological Investigations.”Dr. I. Donen .. .. .. “Pectins and their Industrial Applica- tions. ’’ Professor W. Pugh .. .. “Metals and Inter-metallic Compounds.” *Miss H. M. Schwartz .. “The Production of Vitamin Oils in Sout,h Africa. ’’ *Mr. P. E. Kriel .. . . “Recent Local Investigations on the Importance of the Minor Elements in the Nutrition of Fruit Trees.”*By invitation of the Cape Uhemical and Technological Society. CARDIFF AND DISTRICT. *Mr. H. Berry *. .. “Disinfectants.” *Professor C. S. Gibson, O.B.E., “More Recent Investigations of the F.R.S. ‘ Organic Compounds of Gold.” *Dr.Janet W. Matthews . . “Some Recent Developments in Micro- chemistry. ¶’ A Display of “Talking-Films” of Technical Interest. *Dr. Magnus Pike . . .. “The Chemical Determination of Vita-mins.’’ *Jointly with the Local Section of the Society of ChemicalIndustry and Fellows of the Chemical Society. r91 DUBLIN. Films on Microscope, Liquid Air, Vitamins-Xr. Flusk. Visits to the Seed Testing Station of the Department of Agriculture and to the Albert Farm, Glasnevin. Mr. H. O’Reilly .. .. “Cider.” EAST ANGLIA. Discussions on the Gas Identification Service and Orpanisation for theL.Examination of Contaminated Foodstuffs. Mr. R. C. Terry .. . . “Field and Laboratory Tests for Chemi- cals in Warfare; Quantitative Estima- tion of War Gases in Food, particularly those containing Arsenic.” EASTMIDLANDS. Mr.G. F. Hall .. . . “Flavints.” *Dr. M. Crawford .. .. “Molecular Com~ounds.” Professor J. B. Speakinan .. “The Reactivitfof Protein Fibres.” fMr. E. M. Bavin . . .. “The Coagulation of Blood.” *-Jointly with the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society. fJointly with the h’ottingharn Section of the Society of Chemical Industry. EDINBURGHAND EASTOF SCOTLAND. Professor J. M. Gulland . . “Nucleic Acids.” Professor H. W. Melville . . “Some Problems of Macromolecular Chemistry.’’ Professor J. C. Drummond, ‘‘Feeding a Nation in Wartime.” Member of Council. Dr. S. Pakowski . . . . “A Xew Azeotropic Method of Dehydrationof Alcohol.” Professor H.L. Riley. . .. “The Crystallisation of Graphite.” Dr. E. B. Hughes .. . . “Modern Concepts of Analysis, with particular reference to Food.” Allmeetings of the Section were held jointly with the Local-Section of the Society of Chemical Industry and Fellows of the Chemical Society. GLASGOWAND WEST OF SCOTLAND. ‘fMr. W. G. Bailey . . .. “The Organisation of an Industrial Laboratory.”“Professor J. W. Cook, F.R.S., ‘‘Correlations among Cancer-producingMember of Council. Compounds.”TDr. D. T. Gibson .. . . “An Introduction to Micro-analysis.” *Professor T. S. Patterson . . “Forty Years of Optical Activity.” ‘*At the invitation of the Chemical Society. f At the invitation of the Local Section of the Society of Chcmica! Industry.HUDDERSFIELD. *Professor J. B. Speakman .. “Alginate Fibres.” Dr. A. J. Holland .. . . “Modern Safety Glass.” *Dr. H. H. Goldthorpe . . “The Treatment of Sewage and Trade Effluent.”*Jointly with the Society of Dyers and Colourists. LEEDSAREA. Professor N. M. Comber . . “The Chemistry of Soil Fertility.” Mr. R. H. Morley . . .. “Chemicals from Petroleum”; with a display of “Sound-Films” dealing with Petroleum Production. Dr. Dorothy Jordan-Lloyd .. “The Application of X-rays to Research in Leather Manufacture.” Mr. S. Ellingworth .. . . “Chemotherapy.”All meetings were held jointly with the Local Section of the Society of Chemical Industry and Fellows of the Chemical Society. LIVERPOOLAND NORTH WESTERN. Mr. E. Finklestone .... “The Chemist, the Engineer and Viscose Rayon.”Mr. J. R. Stubbs .. . . “The Profession-Some Observations, sub rosa.” Mr. H. Humphreys Jones .. “The Growth of a Pharmacopoeia.” r 101 AND SOUTHEASTERNLONDON COUNTIES. *Dr. V. G. W. Harrison . . iiColour Printing.“ *Dr. J. J. Fox, C.B., O.B.E., ”Infra-Red Absorption and Molecular President. Structure.” Dr. A. H. Cook .. . . “Chromatographic Analysis.” (Pub-lished by the Institute.) *Dr. D. A. Spencer . . . . “Photography in Industry.” Mr. A. L. Bacharach . . ’.Nutritional Science and Dietary Prac- tice.” ?$ Jointly with the London and Eome Counties Branch of the Institute of Physics. MANCHESTERAND DISTRICT. Visit to the Shirley Institute, Didsbury. Dr. 35. W. Goldblath .. “Some Hazards in the Chemical Indus- try.” *Mr. F. Howlett and Dr. H. Hunter, Member of Cozmcil ”Long Molecules.’’ ?Professor M. G. Evans . . “Some Aspects of the Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules.” TProfcssor A. R. Todd . . ‘’The Chemistry of Hashish.” Jointly with the Local Section of the Society of Chemical Industry and Fellow of the Chemical Society.t At the invitation of the Chemical Society. NEWC4STLE UPON TYKEAND NORTH EAST COAST. *Dr. A. Crawford . . . . ’iProducer Gas for Road Vehicles.” tProfessor C. H. Browning, ‘‘Landmarks in Chemical Therapy.” F.R.S. *Professor F. a. Donnan, “Reflections on the Philosophy of C.B.E., F.R.S. Science.” *Dr. M7. T. Astbury, F.R.S. . . “Applied X-R,ays.” Under the auspices of the Society of Chemical Industry.t Under the auspices of the Bedzon Club, King’s College. NEWZEALAND. *Dr. F,.0. Page . . . . ”Tho Training of the Industrial Chemist.” *Dr. R. Gardner . . . . ”New Industries in New Zealand.“ “Visits to the Laboratories of the Wool Research Association, Messrs. Cadbury, Fry and Hudson, the Millburn Cement Co., and t,he Duiiediii Engineering and Steel Co. $x Jointly with the Kew Zealand Insxitute of Chemistry. SOUTHWALES. SDr. J. A. Sugden . . . . “The Development of Ceramic Electrical Insulating Materials.” *Mr.F. Hudswell . . . . ‘’Microchemistry with special refurcnce to Spot Tests.” -f.Professoi-C. S. Gibson, O.H.E., “The Life and Work of Sir William F.R.S. Jackson Pope, K.B.E., F3.S. §Dr. E. B.Hnghes . . . . “Modern Concept,s of Analysis with particular reference to Food.” *Dr. Wilson R. Harrison . . “The Scientific Examination of DOCLI-ments.’’ (IL Jointly with the University College of Swansea Chemical Society. f At the invitation of the Chemical Society. 3 At the invitation of the Society of Chemical Industry. SOUTHYORKSHIRE. “Professor R. D. Haworth . . “Resins.” SMr. E. J. Vaughan . . . . “Modern Methods of MetallurgicalAnalysis.” (Published by the Insti- tute.) TUr. A. W.Chapman . . “Some Aspects of Boiler Water Treat- ment.” -:.Tointly with Fellows of the Chemical Society. ‘i Jointly with the Local Section of the Society of Chemical LidustiT. 5 Joint,ly with the Yhe5eld Metallurgical hociaticn. Members of t,he Section were invited to two Local Meetings of the C’hemical Society. r 111 Short papers:-Mr.C. E. Spooner-“A New Rapid Method for the Ulti- mate Analysis of Coals”; Mr. J. L. West-“The Determination of Silver in Steels of the 18 per cent. Chromium, 8 per cent. Nickel Type”; Mr. A. H. Dodd-“Coal Tar Spirits as possible Motor Fuels”; Mr. B. W. Methley-“Sheffield and the Chemist.” Discussion on “The Training of the Chemist.” Opened by Professor R. D. Haworth, Lieut. J. Convey, and Mr. P. Lord. Dr. R. A. Mott .. .. “Modern Methods of Coal Analysis.” Sir Robert Picltard represented the President at a Luncheon of the Birmingham Section, held jointly with Local Sections of other Chemical Societies in the Midlands, in April. The President visited the Birmingham Section in September.The Conference of the Honwary Secretaries of Local Sections was held at the Institute on the 21st June, 1941,and was attended by the President, the Honorary Treasurer and Professor H. V. A. Briscoe, Vice-president. Local Sections are reminded of the precautions to be taken to prevent the disclosure of confidential matters which might be the subjects of discussion at their meetings. 9. HONORARY CORRESPONDING SECRETARIES. The Council gratefully acknowledges the continued help in the affairs of the Institute given by the Honorary Corresponding Secretaries in the Overseas Dominions, in India and in the Colonies. 10. NOMINATIONS, EXAMINATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS COMMITTEE. The Nominations, Examinations and Institutions Committee (the Council in Comrnittce) has held 10 meetings and the exam- inations Sub-committee 11 meetings.The Committee has reported on 833 applications for Student- ship, Examination and Membership, and on numerous enquiries in connexion with the training for admission to the Associate- ship and Fellowship. Sub-committees and Local Interviewing Committees have interviewed candidates for the Studentship, Associateship and Fellowship, and the Council again records its indebtedness to the Advisory Committee in India, and especially to its Honorary Secretary, Dr. Gilbert J. Fowler, for reports and advice in connexion with applications and enquiries from that Empire. Special thanks are also accorded to the Sub-committee for conducting oral Exaniinat ions.Applications for Studentship, Examination and Membership are summarised below :-Applications foy Adnzission to Shudentship, includinq re-admission AcceptedDeclined .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 324 7 -231 [ 121 231Broui$il forward Applications for Admission to Exarninntioji /or thc AssociateshipAccepted .. .. .. .. .. .. 99 Applicntions for Election (and re-election ) lo the AssociateshipAccepted .. .. .. .. .. 364 Referred for Examination . . .. .. 5 Declined .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 -377 Applications for Admission to Exanbination for the Fellowship 18Accepted .. .. .. .. .. .. Applications from Associates for election to the FellowshipAccepted .. .. .. .. .. .. 82 Declined .. ' .. .. .. .. .. 3 -86 Applications from Non-Associates for election to the FellowshipAccepted . . .. .. .. .. .. 28 Declined . . .. .. .. .. .. 2 -22 Applications for re-election to theFellowshipAccepted .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 -883 EXAMINATIONS.-BYthe courtesy of the Universities of Lon-don and Manchester and the Royal Technical College, Glasgow, practical examinations were held in April and September, 1941, and in January, 1942. Theoretical examinations were held at the Institute and, by the courtesy of several Fellows, in a number of local centres. The Council records its indebtedness to the authorities of the above Institutions and to the Fellows whose help is much appreciated. The entries and results are here summarised:- S~ARYOF RESULTS.Associateship EXAMINED.PASSED. General Chemistry .. .. .. 116 53 Fellowship Branch A. Inorganic Chemistry . . 2 1 Branch C. Organic Chemistry .. 2 2 Branch E. Chemistry (including Micro- scopy) of Food and Drugs and of Water .. .. 8 3 Branch G. Industrial Chemistry . . 2 2 Branch H. General Analytical Chemis- try . . .. .. 1 0 131 61 __ -In the corresponding summary for 1940-41,the number of candidates examined for the Associateship was 145,of whom 85 passed; 17 candidates were examined for the Fellowship, of whom 8 passed. The total number of candidates examined for r 131 the Associateship and Fellowship was 162, of whom 93 passed. A number of candidates who had entered for the examinations were obliged to withdraw owing either to pressure of war work, Home Guard or Civil Defence duties.The thanks of the Council are accorded to the Board of Examiners, and to the Assessors who have reported on records of research, specifications for patents, etc., submitted by candidates for admission to the Fellowship. Professor W. Wardlaw was re-appointed Examiner for the Associat eship. Branch H: General Analytical Chemistry has been added to the Branches of the Examination for the Fellowship, and Mr. €3. N. Wilson appointed Examiner in that Branch. STUDENTs.-Many students have been able to continue their courses of study, but others have postponed the completion of their training owing to military service or war work.The Committee has agreed to retain on the Register all Students who have expressed a desire to remain associated with the Institute and to qualify for the Associateship as soon as possible. Only the names of those who have definitely aban- doned their courses or who have failed to reply to requests for the submission of progress reports have been removed from the Register. INSTITUTIONS.-The Municipal Technical College, Bolton, and the South-West Essex Technical College, Walthamstow, have been added to the list of institutions recognised for the training of candidates for admission to the Associateship of the Institute. The Denbighshire Technical Institute, Wrexham, has also been added to the list of institutions recognised for training candidates for admission to the Associateship of the Institute, subject to the appointment of an additional member of the staff, on the termination of the war or as soon as a suitable person is available.AwARDS.-with the concurrence of the Society of Macca-baeans, the donors, the Council has awarded the Meldola Medal for 1941to Clement Henry Bamford, Ph.D. (Cantab.). The Sir Edward Frankland Medal and Prize (LIO 10s.) are awarded to Gordon Alfred Baxandall, a Registered Student at University College, Leicester. 11. APPOINTMENTS COMMITTEE. At the date of this Report, the number of Gellows and Asso- ciates known to be disengaged is 30, and of these 19 have been c 141 unemployed for less than 6 months. The number unemployed at the same date in 1941was 66. A Report on the Appoin,tments Register was published in the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS,Part V, 1941,page 282.12. PUBLICATIONS AND LIBRARY. The JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGSof the Institute has been published in six Parts during the year 1941,and the following lectures have been published as separate monographs :-Mr. E. J. Vaughan’s “The Use of the Spekker Photo-Electric Absorptio- meter in Metallurgical Analysis ”;Dr. A. H. Cook’s “Chromato-graphic Analysis” and Mr. H. Gordon Dale’s “The Precious Metals.’’ In view of the need for economy in the use of paper, the Committee gave instructions for closing up matter, and the addition of a line or two to each page in the JOURNAL AND PRO-CEEDINGS, as well as the cutting down of General Notices and the omission of other items, such as the record of attendances of Members of Council. The Publications Committee hopes to publish in the near future Dr. A.E. Dunstan’s lecture on “The Petroleum Industry.” The Council authorised the free distribution of thousands of copies of lectures, published by the Institute, since 1920, to Universities, Colleges and Public and Secondary Schools. The production of the third edition of What Industry Owes to Chemical Science, for the benefit of the Benevolent Fund, has been unavoidably delayed, due to the circumstance that, owing to being engaged on war work, several authors who had promised to deal with important subjects were unable to complete their articles until recently.Some indeed who hoped to participate in the production could not fulfil their promises, so that other writers had to be approached to deal with their subjects. The book, consisting of articles dealing with various industries, gener- ously contributed by over 50 selected authors, is nearly ready; but the time limit for handing over the manuscript to the pub- lishers has been long exceeded, and restrictions on paper, binding, cloth, etc., may make it difficult for the publishers to take it in hand at present. Every effort will be made, however, to produce the book as soon as possible. The thanks of the Benevolent Fund Committee and the Publications Committee have been accorded to all who have participated in the work.LIBRARY.-The thanks of the Council are accorded to authors, publishers and others who have kindly presented books and journals to the Library of the Institute. Fellows, Associates and Registered Students have continued [ 151 to enjoy the use of the Library of the Chemical Society and of the Science Library, South Kensington. LANTERNSLrDEs.-Selections from the Institute’s collection of lantern slides have been loaned to Fellows and Associates for the illustration of lectures. 13. SPECIAL COMMITTEES. The Emergency Committee-consisting of the Officers-has dealt with several matters of urgency as they arose, and the action taken thereon has been subsequently confirmed by the Council. PubZicity.-It will be recalled that, in 1940,the Committee of the London and South-Eastern Counties Section had asked the Council to review the general question of publicity for chemistry, and to give consideration to the formation of a Public Relations Committee and the engagement of the services of an officer to co-ordinate all chemical publicity.A Sub-committee of the Section had expressed the view that increased efforts should be made to educate public opinion to a better appreciation of the value of the profession, and that publicity should be directed to the general public, the industrialists and the chemist himself. The Special Committee appointed by the Council to consider the matter was of opinion, however, that the time was not oppprtune for promoting further publicity in the press or by bulletins to industrialists, but suggested that the Council should remind members and students of the services rendered by the Institute, and should emphasise the value of professional organ- isation.In normal times, the expenditure of the Institute on publicity has amounted to L400 or L5oo a year, including advertisements of the Examinations and the Appointments Register, and the free issue of publications of the Institute to Government departments, Local Government Authorities, Public Libraries, Universities, Colleges and other Institutions. The whole subject will receive further attention in due course. Nominatiovt and Election of the Council.-The Committee has recorded its agreement on the following points:- That the Council of the Institute is too large; that its Members should be elected for three years, subject to satisfactory attend- ance, and that a third of its members should retire annually and be ineligible for re-election for twelve months; that some form of regional‘ representation (irrespective of the inclusion of Local Sections) should be retained, and that “regional ” members should be elected by the Fellows and Associates within their respective regions; also that the Council should retain the right to nominate a certain number of General Members, bearing in [ 161 mind the importance of the representation on the Council of various branches of the science and of the profession.The Committee has drafted revised By-laws for bringing into effect the foregoing proposals, and will submit them for con-sideration in due course.Technical Education and Idtstry.-The Committee appointe! to consider the letter received from Dr. E. A. Rudge on the liaison between technical education in industry and the recruitment for the chemical profession has met under the Chairmanship of Professor H. V. A. Briscoe. The Council has referred to this Committee the report of a Sub-committee of the Edinburgh and East of Scotland Section appointed “to review the method of recruitment and explore the possibility of improved education facilities for the training of chemical assistants.” Policy Committee.-The Special Committee to consider and make recommendations on the future policy of the Institute, with particular reference to the post-war period and to the possible union of chemical bodies, has held a preliminary meeting, and the Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections have been asked to forward any views which their Committees or Sections may desire to express, so that they may be received at the Institute before 16th February.14. NATIONAL CERTIFICATES IN CHEMISTRY. Examinations have been continued for National Certificates in Chemistry conducted by the Institute jointly with the Board of Education (England and Wales), the Scottish Education De- partment and the Ministry ‘of Education (Northern Ireland), respectively. 15. PEDLER RESEARCH SCHOLARSHIP. Dr. Charles Simons (Pedler Scholar, 1938-1940)has published in The Biochemical Journal, Vol. XXXV, pp.749-54, 1941 a paper on “The Behaviour of Scopulariopsis Brevicaulis towards Choline.” The Council has decided not to appoint a Pedler Scholar before the end of the war. 30, Russell Square, London, W.C.I. 30th Januayy, 1942. THE lNSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEARENDED 31s~ DECEMBER, IN INCOME ACCOUNT 1941. 1940. INCOME. 1941. € s. d. To Premises-€ 8. d. € s. d. € s. d. E s. c ly Subscriptiom- S s. d. € s. d. € s. d. 300 0 0 Rent .. .. .. .. 300 0 0 3,830 10 1 Fellows .. .. .. 3,797 11 6 632 6 8 Rates and Schedule ATax .. ' 643 12 10 Insurance (Including War 8,121 3 Associates .. .. .. 8,595 6 5 107 12 10 Risks) .. .. .. 242 13 1 390 0 Students .... .. 431 15 0 187 5 2 RepairsandMaintenance .. 275 2 3 99 5,274 12 6 1,227 4 8 442 9 2I 6,717 1 8 77 3 6 340 2 7 34 4 2 458 15 2 574 9 11 6 17 2 203 12 5 42 0 0 117 14 10 93 1,461 8 Staff-SaIaries,Wages and Gratuities 5,323 11 7 Superannuation .. .. 394 2 0 5,717 13 House and Office Expenses- RenewalsofEquipment .. Fuel, WatersndLight . . 302 7 1 Telephone .. .. .. 30 0 8 PrinthgandStationery .. 414 13 3 Postage .. .. .. 584 8 8 Travelling Expenses .. 8 14 2 Advertisements .. .. 273 19 6 Auditors' Honorarium .. 52 10 0 Miscellaneous .. .. 75 19 5 2 7 12,341 13.1 1,270 10 75 0 1,206 9 201 13 28 14 1 yj Examinations and Assessment Fees- 1) National Certiiicates : England and Wales ,, National Certificates .. .. .. .. 465 Institute .. .. .... . . 1,238 (1940 A/c.) . . . . .. .. .. 99 Dividends and Interest (Gross) . . .. 7) Appointments Register .. .. .. 9, Sale of Publications .. .. .. .. 79 Fees Forfeited . . .. .. .. .. 96 76 12,824 12 11 1,703 17 0 1,218 2 3 151 10 0 133 10 6 47 5 0 1,854 19 9 1,742 12 9 183 14 7 3, 19 Sundry Receipts .. .. .. Australian and New Zealand Account .. .. 15 10 127 0 3 4 359 1S 3 '9 99 Members of Council Travelling Expenses Publications- .. 440 14 3 9,362 8 9 100 0 77 33 The Chemical Council for Expenses incurred Refund on Repairs and Maintenance (1940Ajc.) 100 122 0 4 0 1 957 1.000 -192 1 0 6 3 0 71 Journal,$658 7s. 10d., Postage, $405 5s. 5d.1.063 13 Intermittent Publications Reserve Lectures and Lantern Slides .. .. 1;ooo 0 ..378 4 3 0 8 2,149 7 101 35 Examin&ion Expenses- Institute .. .. . .. .. .. 753 16 8 2,441 17 11 National Certificates .. .. ., 320 9 2 870 16 8 1,074 5 10 368 19 7 7) Local Sections- Grants .. .. .. .. .. 436 18 7 48 0 0 Section Secretaries Conference .. *. 54 11 11 416 19 71 491 10 6 25 17 10 682 11 41 39 39 Library .. .. Chemical Society Library .. . . .. .. .. .. 35 11 674 7 6 6 708 9 21 709 19 0 59 13 0 33 Donations .. .. .. .. .. 51 5 0 141 19 4 249 4 10 ---1,000 0 0 652 11 6 93 39 9) 9, 39 Income Tax . . .. .. Legal Expenses .. .. A.R.P. Expenditure .. .. RGerve fGr War Contingencies Excess of Income over Expenditure .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. a. .. 81 10 3 317 11 6 30 0.6 1,000 0 0 883 3 0 215,408 3 3 $16,443 12 3 €15,408 3 S16,443 12 3 r 19 1 1940.LIABILITIES. 1941. 1940. ASSETS. 1941. S s. d. € s. d. S s. d. e s. d. 2 s. d. S s. d. 123 17 4 Sundry Creditors . . .. .. .. 168 18 7 2,280 2 3 Balance at bankers in London .. ..5,232 78 434 1 6 Income Te,x Reserve .. .. .. 513 12 11 (Including Reserve Accounts 94 13 11 Subscriptions Paid in advance .. .. 91 11 9 S4,300 17 8)132 6 0 Examination Fees paid in advance .. .. 200 11 0 Balance at bankers in Australia and New Application Fees- 1,147 3 10 Zealand (Sterling Value) . . . . 1,276 62 63 0 0 Retained pending further appli- cation .. .. .. .. 21 0 0 3,427 6 1 --6,508 13 10 329 14 0 In abeyance awaiting decision .. 353 17 0 275 4 0 Sundry Debtors, rates, etc., paid in advance 205 14 1 392 14 0 374 17 0 Balances with Local Sections for emergencies 262 0 0 36,954 '4 5 Investment Account .... .. 38,034 5 3 Investments at Cost (including accumulated Reserve Accounts- 37,356 15 4 redemption fund premiums) .. *. 38,513 9 8 1,105 2 II Intermittent Publications Re- serve .. .. .. 2,100 17 8 100 0 0 StaffSuperannuationReserve 200 0 0 1,000 0 0 War Contingencies Reserve 2,000 0 0 2,205 2 11 -~ 4,300 17 8 Income and Expenditure Account- Balance at Credit, 1st January, 1941 .. 722 5 4 545,489 17 7 i- Investment Account for the year ended 31st December, 1941 $ s. d. € s. d. Balance of AccumuIated Fund, 1st January, 1941 . . .. .. 36,954 4 5 Funds received for investment during year :-Entrance Fees .... .. .. 1,009 12 0 Entrance Fees, Australia and New Zealand .. .. .. .. 220 Life Composition Fees .. .. .. 59 17 0 --_____ 1,071 11 0 Profit on Investments Sold or Requisi-tioned .. .. .. .. 8 910 -$38,034 6 3 Investments, at cost, held at 1st January,1941 .. .. ..... .. 37,356 15 4 Deduct: Investments sold or requisitioned by H.M. Treasury during year (at cost)-€1,000 3$ yo Canadian 1950155 .. .. $973 17 0 €1,000 4 yo Canadian 1953158 .. 1,090 3 0 %1,0005 % South Africa 1945175 .. .. 1,136 8 0 3,200 8 0 $34,156 7 4 Add: Investments made during Year- % s. d. %2,0002* yo War Bonds 2,000 0 0 €1,000 3 yo Savings Bonds 1,000 0 0 €1,000 London CountyCouncil Consols 34 yo1954159 .... 1,046 8 0 €100 London County Council Consols 3 yo1856!61 .. . . 100 0 6 $100 Wolverhampton 3 yo1924154 . . .. 100 5 6 Redemption Fund Policy 110 8 4 4,357 2 4 €38,513 9 8 Deduct: Amount in Excess of Life Com- positions and Entrance Fees .. 479 4 5 €38,034 6 3 Balance, 31st December, 1941 2,100 17 8 January, 1941 Transferred from Income and ..1,105 2 11 ExpenditureA/c 1,000 0 0 €2,105 2 11 €2,105 2 11 Subscriptions and FeesPaid in and Retained (in Currency) in Australia and New Zealand Receipts. Expendit we. S s. d. E s. d. e s. d. To Balance, 1st January, 1941-On Deposit . . .. .. 1,350 2 4 OnCurrentAccounts .. 82 9 0 -_ _-1,432 11 4 77 Subscriptions-Fellows . ... .. 65 2 0 Associates .. .. .. 88 4 0 ___-153 6 0 y> EntranceFees .. .. .. 220 99 Deposit Interest, less Tax . . 18 12 3 By Bank Charges .. .. .. 1 3 11 9) Local Section Grant .. .. 10 0 0 35 Balance at Bankers, 31st December, 1941-7) On Deposit .. .. .. 1,565 18 4 Current Accounts . . .. 29 9 4 di1,606 11 7 1,606 11 7 ~ *Equivalent in Sterling S1,276 ' 6 2 STATEMENT AND FEESRECEIVEDOF SUBSCRIPTIONS LESS OUTGOINGS s. a. s s.. a. Subscriptions-Fellows .. .. .. .. .. 65 2 0 Associates .. .. .. .. .. 88 4 0 153 6 0 Entrance Fees .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 0 Deposit Interest, less Taxes .. .. .. 18 12 3 174 0 3 Less: Bank Charges . . Local Section Grant .. .. .. .. .... 1 10 3 11 0 0 11 3 11 Loss on Exchange into Sterling .. .. .. 162 16 4 33 14 0 129 2 4 Less: Entrance Fees taken to Investment Account 2 2 0 Balance (inSterling) taken to Income & Expenditure Account El27 0 4 STATEMENT OF INVESTMENTS HELD AND DIVIDENDS RECEIVED : 31st December, 1941 Holding. cost. Value.t Gross. Tax. Net. $ $ s. d. ;E s. d. 2 s. d. $ s. d. ;E s. ti. Great Western Railway 24% Debenture Stock 500 384 16 3 340 0 0 12 10 0 6 1 11 681 L.M.S. Railway 5% Redeemable Preference Stock .. .. .. .. .. 500 503 0 0 470 0 0 25 0 0 12 3 9 12 16 3 L.M.S. Railway 4y0 Preference Stock .. 2,000 1,843 15 1 1,340 0 0 80 0 0 37 0 0 43 0 0 Southern Railway Company 5% Redeemable Guaranteed Preference Stock, 1957 ..1,000 1,174 6 2 1,130 0 0 50 0 0 23 2 6 26 17 6 Government of Commonwealth of Australia 3+y0 Stock, 1964-74 .. .. .. 4,000 3,985 5 7 3,560 0 0 130 0 0 63 7 6 66 12 6 Union of South Africa 5% Loan, 1945-75 (Requisitioned by H.M. Treasury) .. 1,000 mf Ilb) 50 0 0 24 7 6 25 12 6 Union of South Africa 34% Loan, 1953-73 .. 700 670 7 0 728 0 0 24 10 0 , 12 5 0 12 5 0 New Zealand 5% Loan, 1949 .. .. 1,000 1,141 8 0 1,020 0 0 50 0 0 25 0 0 25 0 0 Dominion of Canada 3f% Loan, 1950-55 (Sold) 1,000 §(b) ll(b) 16 5 0 826 826 Dominion of Canada 4% Loan, 1953-58 (Requisitioned by H.M. Treasury) .. 1,000 40 0 0 18 10 0 21 10 0 Port of London Authority 34y0 RegisteredStock, 1964-75 .. .. .. .. 1,000 1,033 4 9 990-0 0 35 0 0 17 1 3 17 18 9 n t.3 Wolverhampton Corporation 3% Stock,+ 1924-54 .... .. .. .. 100 100 0 6 99 00 ---------U London County Council 3i0h Stock, 1954-59 1,000 1,046 8 0 1,050 00 -_-------London County Council 3% Stock, 1956-61 .. I00 100 5 6 99 10 0 -_------_ 3% Local Loans .. .. .. .. 4,800 4,329 15 0 4,596 00 144 0 0 66 11 11 77 8 1 34% War Loan .. .. .. .. 13,000 13,554 I6 8 13,650 00 455 0 0 227 10 0 227 10 0 36% Conversion Loan.. .. .. .. 750 738 19 6 802 10 0 26 5 0 12 2 10 14 2 2 3% Defence Bonds .. .. .. .. 1,000 1,000 0 0 1,007 10 0 30 0 0 15 0 0 15 0 0 3% War Loan .. .. .. .. 500 500 0 0 507 10 0 15 0 0 6 18 9 813 24% National War Bonds .. .. .. 2,000 2,000 0 0 2,020 00 10 12 3 561 562 23% National War Bonds (Interest waived) .. 1,000 1,000 0 0 1,010 00 ---------3% Savings Bonds, 1965-65 .... 1,000 1,000 0 0 1,005 00 2 19 2 197 197 Bank Deposit Interest .. .. .. ------21 0 10 10 10 5 10 10 5 36,106 8 0€35,425 0 0 $1,218 2 3 $592 11 6 €625 10 9 “Redemption Fund Policy (AccumulatedPremiums) .. .. .. .. .. 2,407 1 8 2 s. d. S s. d. ‘(a,)Cost 1,136 8 0 I[(a)Realised 1,072 11 8 $38,513 9 8 i(b) ,, 973 17 0 li(b) ,, 1,029 17 0 I(C) ,, 1,090 3 0 I~(c) ,, 1,106 9 2 At 31st December, 1941. *To realise $50,000 in year 2( 0. BENEVOLENT FUND ACCOUNT, for the year ended 31st December, 1941 Income Account 1940. Rcceipts. 1941. 1940. Payments. 1941. f: s. cl. € s. d. S s. d. € s. d. ---Balance at credit, 1stJanuary, 1941 . . 127 17 10 34 0 11 Debit Balance 1st January, 1940 .. ---S!ll14 0 Siihscriptions .... .. .. 1,043 11 1 151 19 0 Grants .. .. .. .. .. 111 9 9 523 7 7 Annual Subscriptions .. .. ., 601 9 6 1,316 13 4 Reigiilar Payments .. .. .. 1,174 16 5 1.558 I?’10 Dividends and Interests .. .. .. 152 7 11 51 7 9 Printing and Postage .. .. .. 19 7 11 82 16 5 Income Tax recovered* .. .. .. ---550 Audit Fee . . .. .. .. .. 550 170 8 0 Loans repaid . . .. .. .. 111 15 6 116 0 -0 Loans granted dnring 1941 . . .. ---25 0 0 Donations to London Orphan School .. 25 0 0*Claim submitted for €108 4s. 7d. ---Post Office Savings Bank: Reserve . . 500 0 0 127 17 10 Balance at Credit, 31st December, 1941 201 2 6 n€1,828 3 10 €2,037 1 10 €1,828 3 10 €2,037 1 10 01 U Capital Account Receil:ts. E s. d. Payments. € 8. d. € ‘Y.d. Balance Uninvested Capital, 1st $ s. d. Investments-339 10 6 January, 1941 .. .. 102 18 3 ---f2.502+yoNational War Bonds .. 250 0 0I. 765 7 3 Donations .. .. .. .. 171 16 6 S240 Corporation of London 3% Investments Sold $500 34% Canada Debenture, 1957 .. .. .. 238 1 0 1950-55 (Requisitioned by H.M. $275 Lon, Elec. Trans. Finance ---Treasury) .. .. .. .. 520 12 1 ---Corp. 2fry0Debs. .. . . 267 1 10 1,001 19 6 Investments (1940 A/c) .. .. __-Balance Uninvested Capital at 31st 102 18 3 December, 1941 .. .. .. 40 4 0 €795 6 10 €1,104 17 9 €795 6 10 Balance Sheet at 31st December, 1941 2 R. tl. ;E s. d. 2 s. d. Investmentsatcost- f. s. d. € s. d. 7,425 1 4 CapitalAccount .. *. . . 7,630 11 5 7,322 3 1 Capital Account 7,590 7 5 ---Income Account Reserve .... 600 0 0 ---Income Account 500 0 0 Income Account-Surplus at 31st -_____ 8,090 7 5 127 17 10 December, 1941 . . .. .. 201 2 -6 230 16 1 Cashat Bank ., .. .. 241 6 6.I -f7,552 19 2 $8,331 13 11 i $7,552 19 2 $8,331 13 I1 ---_I_ ---, -_______ r-l a2f.3 Statement of Loans U f. s. d. f. s. d. f. s. d. f. s. d. 2,6,57 6 0 Loans to 31st December, 1940 .. . 2,773 6 0 1,515 I 4 Loans repaid tto31st December, 1941 . . 1,626 16 10 116 0 0 Loans granted during, 1941 .. Loans written off prior to 31st Decem- 751 I4 0 ber, 1940 .. .. .. .. 751 14 0 ' Loans outstanding at 31st December, ,506 10 8 1941 .. .. .. .. .. 39-1 15 2 g2,773 6 0 €2,773 6 0 €2,773 6 0 S2;773 G 0 __I_-- BENEVOLENT FUND : INVESTMEN-TS HELD AND DIVIDENDS RECEIVED : 31st December, 1941 cost. Value.t Gross.Tax. Nett. ;tl s. d. L s. d. s. d. ;tl s. d. s. d. i1,000 4% Consols . . .. .. .. .. 1,077 13 0 1,115 0 0 40 0 0 19 10 0 20 10 0 ~I,SOOWar Loan 34% . . .. .. .. .. 1,296 3 0 1,260 0 0 42 0 0 -_-42 0 0 62,250 Local Loans 3% .. .. .. .. 1,973 6 1 2,154 7 6 67 10 0 31 4 5 36 5 7 ~500Port of London Authority 34% Registered Stock, 1965-75 .. .. .. .. .. .. 516 17 11 495 0 0 17 10 0 8 10 8 819 4 A5GO Canadian 3&%, 1950-55 (Requisitioned by H.M. Treasury) .. .. .. .. .. 0 826 413 413Z L400 Commonwealthof Australia 3$%, 1964-74 .. .. 398 10 7 356 0 II 0 13 0 0 669 6 13 3-1500 New Zealand 5% Loan, 1949 .. .. .. 570 14 6 510 0 0 25 0 0 12 10 0 12 10 0 2750 2&% National War Bonds .... .. 750 0 0 757 10 0 14 6 11 6 13 9 7 13 2 i500 3&y0Conversion Stock .. .. .. .. 501 19 6 535 0 0 17 10. 0 8 1 10 982 2240 Corporation of London 3% Debentures, 1957 . . 238 1 0 237 12 0 ---------i276 London Electric Transport Finance Corporation 2$yvDebenture Stock .. .. .. .. 267 1 10 261 5 0 Post Office Savings Bank (Current Expenses Reserve) 500 0 0 500 0 0 Bank Deposit Interest . . .. .. .. .. -----_ 472 __._____ -_ ;tl8,090 7 5 ,$S,lSl 14 6 +340 6 7 L96 18 8 Q62 7 11 , --_____ 7 Value at 31st December, 1941. 5 Cost f486 18s. 6d. .IIRealisod 2520 13s. Id. SIR ALEXANDER PEDLER SCHOLARSHIP ACCOUNT: 31st December, 1941 Receipts. Payments.L s. d. f; s. d. Balance, 1st January, 1941 .. .. .. .. .... 272 18 6 Interest on Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 146 15 0 Bank Deposit Interest . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 121 Investment Sold (Requisitioned by H.M. Treasury) .. .. .. 520 12 1 Purchase of L525 London Electric Transport 2&y0Stock , . .. .. 508 16 6 Balance at Bankers, 31st December, 1941 .. .. .. .. Deposit Account . . .. .. .. 220 0 0 Current Account . . .. .. .. .. *. .. .. 212 11 2 L941 7 8 L941 7 8 i Securities held at 31st December, 1941:-n cost. Value. Gross. Tax. Nett. t4m & s. d. f: s. d. f: s. d. s. d. f: s. d. u LlOO Great Western Railway 5% Consolidated Prefer- ence Stock .. .. .. .. .. .. 94 0 0 108 0 0 500 289 2 11 3 k900 Royal Mail Steam Packet Ordinary .. .. 787 10 0 ---------L2.600 3&y0War Loan .... .. .. .. 2,808 6 0 2,730 0 0 91 0 0 ---91 0 0 i500 Port of London Authority, 3&y0Registered Stock, 1965-75 .. .. .. .. .. 516 17 11 495 0 0 17 10 0 8 10 7 8 19 5 L500 Southern Railway Company, 5% Redeemable Guaranteed Preference Stock, 1957 .. .. 687 4 10 565 0 0 25 0 0 11 11 3 13 8 9 L600 New Zealand 5%, 1949 .. .. .. .. 570 14 6 510 0 0 25 0 0 12 10 0 12 10 0 L300 4% Consols .. .. .. .. .. .. 323 1 0 334 10 0 12 0 0 6 1.7 0 630 I.L500 Local Loans 3% . . .. .. .. 433 13 3 478 15 0 15 0 0 6 18 8 814 L500 Dominion of Canada 3iy0Loan, 1950-55 (Requi-sitioned by H.M. Treasury) .. .. .. -§ II 826 413 413 L525 London Electric Transport Finance Corporation, Ltd., 2&./, Debentures, 1950-55. .. .. .. 508 16 6 499 0 0 L6,630 4 0 L5,720 5 0 b $Cost €486 18s.6d. IIRealised €520 12s. Id. Streatfeild Memorial Lecture Fund 31st December, 1941. €200 34y0 War'Loan. Value €210. € s. d. , e 8. d. Balance 1st January, LectureExpenses .. 2 10 0 1941 .. .. .. 65 7 9 Balance on Deposit 31st Dividends .. .. 700 December, 1941 .. 69 17 8 E72 7 9 €72 7 9 Meldola Fund 31st December, 1941. €75 Government of Commonwealth of Australia 34% Stock, 1964-75. Value €66 15s. E s. d. E 8. a. Balance 1st January, Meldola Award. . .. 1 16 0 1941 .. .. .. 484 Balance 3 1st December, Dividends and Interest 1 5 1 1941 .. .. .. 3 17 5 25 13 5 $5 13 5 S. M. Gluckstein Memorial Lecture Fund 31st December, 1941. €240 34% Conversion Loan. Value €256 16s. E s. d. E 8. d. Balance 1st January, BaIrtnce on Deposit ..1941 .. .. .. 16 12 4 31stDecember, 1941 21 2 8 Dividends and Interest 4 10 4 $21 2 8 €21 2 8-c 2Q 3 REPORT OF THE AUDITORS We have examined the Balance Sheet at 31st December, 1941, of the Institute of Chemistry, also the Statements of Accounts for the year ended 31st December, 1941 ,with the books and vouchers. The values of the Lease and Premises of the Institute, Furni- ture, Library, Apparatus, etc., are not included in the Balance Sheet. Subject to that remark, we have obtained all the in- formation and explanations we have required and in our opinion the Balance Sheet and Statements of Accounts are properly drawn up and are in accordance with the entries in the books. We certify that we have received from the Bank of England and the Westminster Bank, Ltd., certificates that they hold on behalf of the Institute the Investments shown on the Statements of Investments.J. Y. FINLAY, & Co., Chartered Accowtants.PEARSON C. L. CLAREMONT ,}Hon. Auditors, J. G. A. GRIFFITHS 1941-42. 26th Jamary, 1942 Proceedings of the Council Council Meeting, 19th December, 1941.-Dr. Firth was welcomed back to the Council, having been elected to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Dr. G. D. Elsdon. The Joint Committee of the Institute and the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists reported that a letter to the Minister of Health had been drafted and a statement on the Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service had been prepared to be sent to the Minister, with the request that he would receive a deputation from the Institute and the Society.It was also reported that arrangements were well in hand for the organisation of meetings by Engineering and Scientific Institutions, at the request of the Mines Department, to consider Fuel Economy. Reports were received from the Standing Committees. On the Report of the Nominations, Examinations and Institutions Committee, the South-West Essex Technical College, Walthamstow, was added to the list of Institutions recognised for the training of candidates for the Associateship of the Institute. The Council proceeded to make preliminary arrangements for the election of the new Council to take office on 2nd March, 194.2.The following were nominated as new District Members of Council:- L. V. Cocks (Liverpool and North-Western), D. M. Freeland (London and South-Eastern Counties), H. Stevenson (Manchester and District), G. J. Denbigh (Yorkshire), D. A. Derrett-Smith (Northern Ireland), John Andrews (Dublin). On learning that in accordance with the By-laws five Vice-presidents were due to retire, the Council felt that, in the present circumstances, it was undesirable that the Institute should lose the services of so many Officers at once, and resolved to make application to the Lord President of the Privy Council for permission to suspend the operation of the By-law--23 (b)--governing such retirement and to provide that at least two of the Vice-presidents should remain in office for a further year.It was furtfier reported that the following Members of Council would retire at the Annual General Meeting in accordance with the By-laws:- W. M. Cumming, E. H. Farmer, A. Findlay, T. R. Hodgson, R. H. Hopkins, H. Hunter, L. H. Lampitt, A. J. Prince* and F. M. Rowe. The Council discussed the changes recently announced with regard to the Schedule of Reserved Occupations on which a statement appeared in JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS,Part VI, 1941. *Erratum.-In JOURNAL Part VI, 1941, page 333, theAND PROCEEDINGS, name of Mr. A. J. Prince was inadvertently omitted from the list of General Members of Council ineligible for re-election on 2nd March, 1942. [ 31 3 Professor Wilson having mentioned the need for helping the Russian Forces with supplies of medicinal chemicals, was informed that the matter was receiving the attention of the Ministry of Supply.Council Meeting,23rd January, 1942.-The Council was informed that the Joint Committee of the Institute and the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists had asked the Minister of Health to receive a deputation regarding the activities of the Emergency Public Health Laboratories; also that the Lord President of the Privy Council had been pleased to direct that the operation of By-law 23 (b)-referring to the nomination of Vice-presidents of the Institute-be suspended until the Annual General Meeting in 1943. Mr. John S. Allan, District Member of Council for Aberdeen and North of Scotland, having expressed his regret that he was unable to attend meetings, it was reported that the Local Section had suggested the name of Dr.John Arnold Lovern as a suitable Fellow to fill the vacancy on the Council. Dr. Lovern was declared duly elected. On a Report from the Board of Examiners and with the concurrence of the Society of Maccabaeans, the Council resolved that no candidate be considered for the award of the Meldola Medal if over 30 years of age on 31st December in the year for which the award is made. Among others, a letter was received from an Associate pressing the question as to the surrender of coupons by industrial chemists for obtaining overalls and protective clothing. It was understood that in some branches of the engineering industry supplementary coupons had been sanctioned, and it was contended that they should be available for certain classes of chemists, on the recommendation of the Factory Inspec tors.The Council felt that the Board of Trade had made reasonable conces- sions. In the course of the discussion, Dr. Jordan suggested the useful- ness of tarpaulin aprons, which are obtainable at 30s. a dozen without coupons. The attention of the Council was directed to an announcement regard- ing a scheme for providing tests for milk under the Ministry of Food, to come into operation on 1st April. The matter was referred to the Joint Committee of the Institute and the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists.On the suggestion of Sir Robert Pickard, it was resolved to send hearty congratulations and the cordial good wishes of the Institute to Professor George Gerald Henderson, F.R.S., Past President, on his attaining the age of 80 years. The Council proceeded with the nomination of the new Council :-Dr. J. J. Fox was unanimously nominated for re-election as President. Mr. John C. White was unanimously nominated for re-election as Honorary Treasurer. The following nominations for the election of General Member of r 32 1 Council delivered to the Secretary in accordance with By-law 26 were submitted:-G. Dring, J. R. Fraser, H. H. Hodgson. Having regard to the permission of the Privy Council to suspend the operation of By-law 23 (b),the following six candidates were nominated for election as Vice-presidents :-H.V. A. Briscoe, Alexander Findlay, Leslie H. Lampitt, G. Roche Lynch, Sir Robert H. Pickard and H. A. Tempany. The following Fellows were nominated for election as General Members of Council:-E. B. Anderson, E. F. Armstrong, A. L. Bacharach, H. Baines, S. R. Carter, F. Challenger, A. Coulthard, W. Cullen, J. C. Drummond, F. P. Dunn, A. E. Dunstan, Norman Evers, Lewis Eynon, J. B. Firth, I. M. Heilbron, E. L. Hirst, E. B. Hughes, S. J. Johnstone, L. A. Jordan, Dorothy Jordan-Lloyd, J. G. King, F. G. Mann, G. W. Monier-Williams, J. R. Nicholls, T. F. E. Rhead, W. H. Roberts and F. J. Wilson. The Council nominated five Fellows, from whom four shall be elected as Censors at the Annual General Meeting:-F.H. Carr, Alexander Findlay, G. Roche Lynch, Sir Robert Pickard and Sir Robert Robinson. Mr. C. A. Bassett and Mr. B. A. Ellis were appointed to act as Scruti- neers to report on the ballot for the election of Officers, Members of Council and Censors. Reports were received from the Standing Committees, and the President mentioned that the Censors had received no complaints during the year 1941. Mr. E. E. Ayling commented on the omission from JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS,Part VI, 1941,of the record of the attendance of the Council, and on the absence of any reference to- the omission. The President suggested that in fairness to those members who were much occupied with Government work, it was preferable not to publish the record during the war.Council Meeting, 30th January, 1942.-The Council received replies from Fellows accepting nomination as candidates for election to the Council at the Annual General Meeting to be held on and March. The Report of the Council for the year 1941-42, prepared by the Publications Committee, together with Reports and Statements prepared by the Finance and House Committee and the Benevolent Fund Committee and approved by the Auditors, was amended and passed for publication. The Report of the Nominations, Examinations and Institutions Com-mittee, embodying the Report of the Board of Examiners on the January Examinations and on the award of the Meldola Medal, and the Report of the Assessor on the award of the Sir Edward Frankland Medal and Prize, were received and adopted.The awards are recorded in the Report of the Council. Local Sections (The Institute is not responsible for the views expressed in papers read or in speeches delivered during discussions .> Bristol and South-Western Counties.-At the request of the Mines Department, a meeting was arranged by Engineering and Scientific Societies, including the Institute, to inaugurate a discussion on means of improving the efficient use of fuel in industrial plants. The meeting at Bristol took place in the Physics Lecture Theatre of the University, Bristol, on 3rd January,-Sir Richard Redmayne in the Chair. There was a good attendance, including a large number of members of the Institute.Mr. J. G. Bennett, of the Fuel Economy Committee of the Mines Department, opened the discussion, in which representatives of the leading local firms participated. Mr. Bennett stated that he had received many useful suggestions to take back to headquarters. The meeting concluded with votes of thanks to Sir Richard Redmayne, for presiding, to Mr. Bennett, and to Mr. Arthur Marsden, Fellow, who had made the local arrangements. Cape-A meeting of the Section was held in the Physical Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University of Cape Town, on 11th July, 1941. Proposals for improved co-operation with the Cape Chemical and Technological Society were discussed and it is hoped that some mutual benefit will result. Dr. A. H. Spong, Hon.Secretary of the Section, addressed the meeting on “Splitting the Atom.” A meeting of the Section was held in the Physical Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University of Cape Town, on 8th August. The South African Chemical Institute asked for the Section’s co-operation in collecting information about chemists serving with the South African Army, whether in a technical or a non-technical capacity. (Fellows and Associates who are usually resident in South Africa and are now with the Forces are asked to inform the Registrar or the Hon. Secretary of the Section.) Professor F. Walker gave an interesting lecture on “Chemical Methods in Modern Geological Investigations.” On 12th September, in the Physical Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University of Cape Town, Dr.I. Donen gave a very interesting address on “Pectins and their Industrial Application.” By invitation of the Cape Chemical and Technological Society, members of the Section have attended two meetings held by that Society, both in the Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town. On zznd August, Dr. R. G. Shuttleworth read a paper on “The Benzene [ 34 1 Problem and the Benzcyclooctatetraenes ” in large part descriptive of his attempts to synthesise compounds of this type. On 28th November, Professor W. F. Barker read a paper on “The Conductimetric Analysis of Acid Mixtures ” describing research on this problem now being carried on at Rhodes University College, Grahams- town. Edinburgh and East of Scotland.-Members of the Section had the privilege of joining with the Local Section of the Society of Chemical Industry in being present at a Jubilee Memorial Lecture by Dr.E. B. Hughes, F.I.C., who gave an interesting and instructive account of “Modern Concepts of Analysis with particular reference to Food.” This meeting, which was held in Edinburgh on 12th December, 1941, was very well attended and promoted a lively discussion. Leeds Area.-A meeting of the Section was held on 12th January, 1942,in the University of Leeds. Professor F. Challenger, Chairman of the Section, presided, and Mr. S. Ellingworth gave a lecture on “Chemo- therapy.” The meeting was well attended and a good discussion followed. Liverpool and North-Western.-A well-at tended informal social meeting of the Section (to which friends of members were invited) was held at 1.0p.m.on 17th January, at Reece’s Restaurant, Parker Street, Liverpool. In the unavoidable absence of the Chairman (Mr. H. Humphreys Jones), through illness, the chair was occupied by Mr. J. R. Stubbs, vice- chairman of the Section. Following lunch, a short musical programme (arranged by Mr. H. Weatherall, FeZZow) was given. This was greatly appreciated and the meeting concluded with a show of films of scientific interest. London and South-Eastern Counties.-It is regretted that the name of Mr. R. L. Kenny, Fetlow, was omitted from the list of committee members in the last number of the Journal. Members of the Section are asked to preserve the list of meetings issued to them, as no further notices will be given. South Wales.-On 24th January members of the Section participated in a meeting arranged by the South Wales Section of the Society of Chemical Industry, held in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University College, Swansea,-Sir Robert Robertson, K.B.E., F.R.S., presiding.Mr. J. Idris Jones delivered a lecture on “Plastics from Acetylene.” [: 35 1 SUMMARIES OF LECTURES Cider By H. L. O'REILLY,MSc., A.I.C. [Dublin Section, on 10th December, 1941.1 Modern cider making is a highly organised industry using specialised machinery and demanding constant scientific control in order to obtain a satisfactory product which will hold its place in the market with such drinks as lager and other light beers.It requires supplies of cider apples of which a few thousand varieties are known. Of these a few outstanding varieties are Kingston Black, Old Foxwhelp and Knotted Kernel. Apple juice of suitable characteristics is fermented in oak vats, after which it is racked, fined and filtered. Then it is suitably blended and prepared for bottling. The sterilising filter and suitable resistant metals are important factors in the industry. Cider is most susceptible to traces of metals, such as iron and copper, small quantities of which may completely spoil the flavour. Coagulation of the Blood By E. M. BAVIN,B.Sc., F.I.C. [East Midlands Section, on 4th December, 1941.1 The present-day theory of blood coagulation was discussed and the complexity of the problem was emphasised.No theory yet presented explains fully all the known facts. The main components of the coagula- tion reaction are agreed upon by most workers, but their exact r61e is still a matter of controversy. There is considerable evidence that the production of thrombin and fibrin is in the nature of an enzymic reaction. The properties, chemistry and uses of heparin were described. The use of the toluidine blue reaction by Jorpes and other workers to study the secretion of heparin by the mast cells was discussed, and also the use of the same reaction by MacIntosh for the assay of heparin. The possible r6le of heparin in the preservation of the fluidity of the blood in vivo was also mentioned. Quick's recent classification of haemorrhagic diseases , due to deficiency of one or other of tlie essential constituents of the blood clotting mechanism, was then dealt with.Prothrombin deficiency can be brought about by lack of vitamin K, and the same prothrombin deficiency occurs in haemorrhagic disease of the new-born and in sweet-clover disease of cattle. In haemophilia the blood platelets show increased I;esistance to disintegration with a consequent lack of thromboplastiii and a prolonged clotting: time. C361 Chemotherapy By S. ELLINGWORTH,M.Sc. [Leeds Area Section, on 12th January, 1942.1 Little knowledge concerning the mode of action of drugs is available to guide the organic chemist in his endeavours to synthesise compounds for the treatment of parasitic infections and he can seldom forecast with certainty the effects of his products.Nevertheless successful remedies have resulted from following up biological observation. The chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis began with Ehrlich’s observa- tion of the selective tissue-staining capacity of certain dyestuffs; this suggested that substances might be found which would attach them- selves to the parasite and destroy it without harming the host. With the aid of the dyestuffs chemist, “Bayer 205 I’ (Suramin) was ultimately produced, and remains the most satisfactory remedy for human tropical sleeping sickness in its early stages. Study of the photo-sensitising action of the cyanine dyes led to the trial of the styrylquinolines as antiseptics, and to the unexpected observa- tion that some of them were trypanocidal. These drugs, however, have not so far found practical application.The discovery of the powerfully trypanocidal diamidines was the outcome of the conception that the Synthalins, originally proposed as insulin substitutes, might favourably influence trypanosome infections by producing hypoglycaemia in the host, thus depriving the parasites of their necessary sugar supply. Although these compounds apparently do not act in this way, drugs of great clinical promise have resulted from this line of work. Ehrlich also experimented with organic arsenic compounds, postulating from biological observations that reduction of the arsenic in the body to the tervalent form was a prelude to activity.The synthesis of “606” (Salvarsan) followed, and this drug, in solubilised form, is still the standard treatment for syphilis, thus affording an example of a remedy arising frm an investigation in relation to another disease. The most successful arsenical trypanocide, Tryparsamide, contains quinquevalent arsenic, but there is evidence that the active form of this drug, and probably of all the arsenicals, is the arsenoxide. The anti-malarials, Plasmoquin (Pamaquin) and Atebrin (Mepacrine) are examples of synthetic remedies structurally related to a natural drug, for although methylene blue is said to have been the starting point from which Atebrin was developed, both drugs incorporate the 6-methoxy quinoline structure which appears in quinine.Until five or six years ago no clinical success had attended the attempted chemotherapy of internal bacterial infections. The discovery, however, of the anti-streptococcal action of Prontosil opened the way to what has been described as the greatest medical discovery of the century. Examination of variants of Prontosil afforded the clue to C 371 the fact that reduction in the body occurred and that sulphanilamide was the active agent, Variations on the latter have in turn led to sulpha- pyridine, sulphathiazole, and sulphadiazine, which have a wider range of anti-bacterial action. Study of their behaviour in the body indicated that slowly absorbed compounds might be useful as intestinal antiseptics, and sulphanilylguanidine has proved effective against bacillary dysentery.The most active compound of this group, 4 :4’-diaminodiphenyl sulphone, is too toxic for man, but is well tolerated by cattle, and may prove valuable for the treatment of bovine mastitis and other infections of domestic animals. The mode of action of the sulphanilamide drugs has been the subject of much speculation. Particular interest has been aroused by the sulphanilamide-antagonism of 9-aminobenzoic acid, and by Fildes’ suggestion that new anti-bacterial compounds may possibly be obtained by synthesising variants of other substances which, like 9-aminobenzoic acid, play an essential part in bacterial growth. Many important problems remain to be solved.Staphylococcal infections are often intractable, and there is so far little indication of success against the tubercle bacillus; and of the chemotherapy of virus diseases practically nothing is known. January Examinations, 1942 Report of the Board cf Examiners Examinations were held as under: Entered. Pussed. For the Associateship in General Chemistry, at the Institute, in the Laboratories of the University of London, South Kensington, and at a number of local centres. Monday to Friday, 12th- 17th January inclusive .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 11* * One candidate failed to satisfy the Examiners in the theoretical paper only. The following papers and exercises were given. Examination for the Associateship in General Chemistry MONDAY, 12tl~ JANUARY, 1942: 9.30 a.m.to 12 noon. (Answey FIVE questions only. Answer concisely and to the point. Give formulae and equations where possible.) 1. Give an account of the phenomenon of thermal dissociation, illustrating 3. Compare the chemical bohaviour of the more important compounds of your answer by suitable examples. sulphur, selenium and tellurium. 3. Explain, as fully as you can, the meanings of the following terms which are used in relation to the subject of reaction velocity:-(a) order, (6) velocity constant, (c) energy of activation, (d)heterogeneous reaction. 4. Give a method of preparation, properties and characteristic reactions of any TIIEEE of the following:-(a) phosphonium iodide, (b) sodium metaphosphate, (c)potassium mercuri-iodide K,HgI,, (d) sodium hyponitrite, (e) tungsten trioxide.5. Explain the meaning of the term “parachor,” and show how measurements 6. When solutions of copper sulphate and sodium carbonate are mixed of the parachor can give information about the structure of molecules. ~381 together, a precipitate is formed. Explain, with full experimental details, how you would propose to investigate this reaction and to determino the nature of the products. 7. Discuss TWO of the following:- (a)Inhibitors or negative catalysts; (b)Fractional distillation; (c) Eutectic temperatures and eutectic mixtures. 1to 3.30 p.m. (Answer FIVE questions only. Answer concisely and to the point. Give formulae and equations where possible.) 1.Show how the simple gas laws fail to represent adequately the behaviour of real gases and discuss the attempts which have been made to modify the laws. 2. Give some account of the present state of our knowledge concerning the complexity of elements in the gaseous state. 3. Select ONE of the less common metals and describe its natural occurrence and extraction. By a consideration of the properties of the metal and its compounds justify its position in the periodic classification. 4. Write an account of the part played by diffusion in chemical processes. 5. Discuss ONE of the following:- (a)The Debye-Huckel theory of electrolytes in solution; (b) Conceptionsof resonance in molecules. 6. Write short accounts of any TWO of the following:- (a) isomorphism; (b) deuterium; (c) the corrosion of metallic surfaces; (d) the structure of gels.7. Write an essay on “New methods and reagents in quantitative inorganic analysis.” TUESDAY, 13th JANUARY, 1942: 9.30 a.m. to 12 noon. (Answer FIVE questions only. Answer concisely and to the point. Give formulae and equations where possible.) 1. Describe FOUR general methods of preparing a-amino acids; give an account of the characteristic properties and reactions of these compounds and indicate their relationship to proteins. 2. Outline methods by which lactic acid may be prepared; by means of equations and short notes indicate the various compounds derivable by the dehydra- tion-direct or indirect-of lactic acid. 3.Show how acetone may be used as a starting material in the preparation of SIX of the following compounds :-(a) pinacone (or pinacol), (b) mesityl oxide, (c) iso-propylamine, (d) mesitylene, (e) iodoform, (f) tertiary butyl alcohol, (9) P-methyl- /3-hydroxy-n-butyric acid, (h)acetylacetone. 4. Give concise definitions of the following terms, with two illustrative ex8mples of each :--(i) halogenation, (ii) esterification, (iii) enolisation, (iv) dehydrogenation, (v) ozonolysis. 5. Give an account of the various types of molecular structuro which are 6. Indicate how the following compounds are usually prepared from naphtha- capable of giving rise to optical activity. lene :-(a) a-naphthol, (b) /3-naphthylamine, (c) 4-amino-l-naphthol, (d) l-amino-2-naphthol, (e) phthalic anhydride, (f) tetralin.7. Write an essay on EITHER the stereoisomerism of oximes; OR the use of 8. By means of equations and short notes indicate the reactions involved in catalysts in organic chemistry. any FOUR of the following examples:-the conversion of-(i) phenol to cydopentanone ; (ii) phthalic anhydride to anthranilic acid; (iii)ethyl alcohol to n-butyl alcohol; (iv) toluene to bonzil; (v) nitro- benzene to phenylhydrazine. 2 to 3.30 p.m. Translations from French and German Technical Literature. [ 39 1 WEDNESDAY, 14th JANUARY, 1942: 9.30 am. to 3.30 p.m. Identify compounds (A) and (B). (A) = benzyl salicylate or n-butyl salicylate; (B) = phthalimide or phthalamide.THURSDAY, 15th JANUARY, 1942: 0.30 a.m. to 3.30 p.m. Characterise, as completely as time allows, compounds (C) and (D). (C) = sulphanilic acid or diphenylamine ;(D) =p-chloronitrobenzene or p-dichloro benzene. FRIDAY, 16th JANUARY, 1942: 9.30 a.m. to 3.30 p.m. 1. The solution (E) contains barium bromide and barium nitrate. Determine the total barium gmvimetrically and the bromide volumetricall y. Express your results as grams of barium and grams of bromine per litre of solution (E). You are provided with a decinormal solution of silver nitrate and an approxi- mately decinormal solution of ammonium thiocyanate. 25 C.C. of solution (E)yieldabout half a gram of barium sulphate. 2. Identify the two substances present in the Mixture (F).(F) = BaSiF, and NaCl. SATURDAY, 17th JANUARY, 1042: 9.30 a.m. to 3.30 p.m. 1. You are given a sample of commercial ortho-phosphoric acid (G). Det&rmine the percsntage of H,PO, in the sample. Standard carbonate-free sodium hydroxide is provided. 2. By a gravimetric method determine the percentage of lead in the sample of commercial red lead (H)provided. 3. Identify the substances (I) and (J). (I)= Potassium cobalticyanide.(J)= Potassium titanium oxyoxalate. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY,AND PHYSICAL Although most candidates were able to attempt the required five questions in each paper, many of the answers were slight in content, and there was a tendency to avoid coming to grips with the subject matter. This was especially noticeable in the answers to the questions dealing with the phenomenon of thermal dissociation and the “parachor.” The problem question 6 in paper I was selected by a number of candidates, but the answers were often poor.Some very good answers were returned to the question on the gas laws in paper 2. The examiners gave avery liberal interpretation to what constituted “New methods and reagents in quantitative inorganic analysis.” The practical work was very well done. A few candidates had difficulty in getting the red lead into solution because they overlooked the simple method of dissolving it in dilute nitric acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Theory.-With some notable exceptions the theory papers did not receive good answers.No question seemed to cause particular difficulty, but many of the answers were below the standard normally reached, and there can be little doubt that a number of candidates were ill-prepared. This view is supported by the fo_llowing comments:- Question I was attempted by very few candidates and few appeared 40 1 to have more than a vague idea of the relationship of a-amino acids to proteins. Question 2 was attempted by only a few candidates, who gave quite inadequate answers. Questioh 3 and question 6, which are straightforward bookwork, were the most popular and, on the whole, received the best answers. Only a few candidates, however, suggested that iso-propylamine can be prepared by the reduction of acetoxime-many seemed to be quite unaware that sec-halides when heated with ammonia are largely converted into olefines, or that numerous aminophenols can conveniently be prepared by the reduction of hydroxy-azo-compounds. Question 4.This straightforward question received surprisingly few answers. Several candidates considered that halogenation was any process which resulted in the production of a halogen-containing compound, e.g. the action of hydrogen chloride on an alcohol or of phosphorus penta- chloride on a ketone. Question 5. Of the candidates who attempted this question few seemed to appreciate its content-the others wrote at length, and often vaguely, about the asymmetric carbon atom. Question 7. The essays on stereo-isomerism of oximes were generally quite good; those on the use of catalysts were sometimes discursive and too restricted in scope.Question 8 was fairly well done, although some answers to part (iii) would suggest that n-butyl alcohol is a very costly substance to prepare. Practical.-A number of candidates did well, but the standard of proficiency reached by the remainder was not so high as usual. Several candidates had clearly received inadequate training and were not suffici- ently familiar with routine operations. TRANSLATIONS. The French passage was generally done quite well, but the German passage was frequently done in a very unsatisfactory manner. PASS LIST Examination in General Chemistry for the Associateship. Claret, Paul Arthur, Merchant Venturers’ Technical College, Bristol.Crowder, Norman Frederic, College of Technology, Manchester. Fowler; Frank, Ph.C., Harris Institute, Preston ; Manchevter University. Large, Frank Elton, Central Technical College, Birmingham. O’Xeill, Thomas Gerard, City Technical College, Liverpool. Ottway, Denis Silvester, Sir John Cass Technical Institute, London. Seyfang, Amyot Paul, Battersea Polytechnic, London. Shaw, William Harold Cullen, University College, Nottingham. Tomlinson, Itussell Frederick, College of Technology, Manchester. Willmott, Wilfrid Eric, The Polytechnic, Regent Street, London. Wood, James Herbert, Wigan and District Mining and Technical College. Notes Honours, January, 1942.-Percy Henry Carpenter, Fellow,-O.B.E. ; Hubert Ernest Page, B.Sc.(Lond.), Associate,-O.B.E. Dr. Edwin Gregory, Member of Council, has been elected President of the Sheffield Metallurgical Association. Science in Parliament Vitawins.-On 20th January, in the House of Commons, Captain Elliston asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food whether, considering the importance of vitamins in medical treatment, he would remove restrictions on the use of those products for pharmaceutical purposes ? In reply, Major Lloyd George said that there was no restriction on the use of vitamins BI and D for pharmaceutical purposes. Vitamin A was still available in reduced quantities: it was not possible to increase the supply owing to the large demands for this vitamin for the fortification of margarine.With regard to vitamin C,-there was no restriction on the use of ascorbic acid for tablets and other “straight” preparations. There was, however, a, voluntary restriction whereby supplies of ascorbic acid were allowed to manufacturers on the basis of their average usage in the first five months of 1941. This restriction had been imppsed by agreement with the Minister of Health on the recommenda- tion of the special Diets Advisory Committee of the Medical Research Council. Synthetic Rubber.-On 2Ist January, Rear-Admiral Beamish asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministg of Supply what steps were being taken, and in prospect, for the manufacture of synthetic rubber? Mr. Harold Macmillan, in reply, said that the manufacture of synthetic rubber in Great Britain was being considered in relation to the general question of Inter-Ally supply.It would not be in the public interest to give particulars of our supplies of rubber. Every possible step was being taken to economise in the consumption of rubber in tyres and other manufactures and to make use of the available supplies of waste. Prodziction.-On 27th January, Mr. Graham White asked the Prime Minister whether he would consider the advisability of establishing a production general staff, consisting of production engineers and other technologists, charged with the duty of continuous experiment and research in methods of production, and enjoying sufficient authority to see that the best known methods and improvements might be adopted? Mr.Attlee, replying for the Prime Minister, said that he was always ready to consider questions for making better use of research and technical c 42 1 experience, but production for war purposes required so many different procases that it would not be practical to set up a single body with the suggested functions. Experiments and research were constantly being carried out in the most important establishments, and means existed for the interchange of information so obtained. The production Ministries also had ready access to the best independent engineering and scientific experience, which was most willingly and generously given. Flow.-Also, on 27th January, Sir E. Graham-Little asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food what chemicals were added to Canadian or other imported flour before export; what were the proportions of each such added ingredient; and whether the flour was chemically bleached either before or after arrival ? Major Lloyd George replied that the only substance added to Canadian flour before export, under instructions from the Ministry of Food, was aneurin (synthetic vitamin BI) which was added to bring the BI content to a figure similar to that of fortified flour produced in this country.It was understood that the position in regard to chemical improvers and bleachers in Canadian and other imported flour was similar to that of flour milled in the United Kingdom, but no information was available as to the proportion of any added ingredient in individual consignments.Imported flour was not chemically bleached after arrival in this country. Mr. Boothby asked what was the cause of the delay in fortifying white bread with synthetic vitamin BI; and when all the supplies of white flour would be so fortified? Major Lloyd George said that the scheme for fortifying white bread with synthetic 'vitamin BI was being extended as rapidly as possible having regard to the supplies of aneurin. There had been recent improve- ments in the rate of home-production, but it was not possible to say when all white flour would be fortified. Deferment of Calling Up.-The Institute has been notified by the Ministry of Labour and National Service that in the cases of men under 25 years who have been previously considered by the Joint Recruiting Boards and have been informed that the work upon which they are engaged is of vital national importance, no further action need be taken either by them or their employers, in order to secure deferment of calling up, provided that they remain in the same posts.It would also be more convenient if men under 25 years possessing the necessary technical qualifications who have hitherto been reserved but will shortly be de-reserved, but have not been considered by the Joint Recruiting Boards, would apply to the local offices of the Ministry and complete Form Misc. 20. The local offices will then furnish them with the addresses of the nearest Joint Recruiting Board to which the completed application forms should be submitted. This procedure in the case of men under 25 years, at the date of registration, is in substitution of application for deferment using Form N.S.300. r 43 1 The Central Register.-At a Conference of the Association of Scientific Workers recently held in London, Professor W.Wardlaw, of the Central Register Branch, Ministry of Labour and National Service, said that he had been asked to explain the part played by the Central Register in promoting the use of technical personnel in the war. The Central Register was established, at the time of the Munich crisis, as part of the campaign for voluntary national service. The Government knew that it would be essential to find specialists of all kinds and hence to have a comprehensive record of the qualifications and other particulars of such persons; that it was desirable to establish means of recruitment of professional, technical and administrative staff in order to prevent wasteful competition between departments, and generally to maintain central machinery for conserving and mobilising the country’s resources in technical personnel.At first, the Register came in for a good deal of criticism: and the staff was overwhelmed with the mass of routine material despite the help given by professional institutions and expert advisers who had played a major part in compiling the Register and could not at once reach a stable conception of its functions and procedure. The public found it difficult to distinguish between the Central Register and other agencies which were responsible for finding employment for technical personnel, whereas the Central Register was intended to be a Gomprehensive record of the higher administrative, professional and technical personnel of the country whether already employed or not.Practically all such persons were already in useful work from which they could only be asked to move for a more urgent and vital service; but there was a limited number of persons with various forms of administrative experience who had been encouraged to offer their services to the Government and could not understand why the Government did not make use of them. Some critics then were contemptuous of the Register as being a mere card index; others resented the esercise of its proper functions, while others again abused it for not fulfilling functions with which it had never been en-trusted.For example, it had never been its function to determine how scientific and technical knowledge should best be used in the prosecution of the war; its purpose was and is to meet demands for technical personnel for war purposes, and to allocate the available supply. As the mobilisation of the country’s resources got under way and the implications of niechanised and total warfare were realised, so the pressure of the demands on technical and scientific personnel increased, not only for the production of more and more complicated weapons but for their operation, maintenance and repair in and behind the front line.The organisation of the Central Register had to be developed. In June and July, 1940,the Ministry issued “Specified Classes of Persons Orders’’ Nos. I and 2, requiring all physicists, chemists, engineers and quantity surveyors with certain specified qualifications to register, if they had not already done so voluntarily. The numbers 011 the Central Register rose from 65,000 in May, 1940,to 167,000 in December, 1941. [ 44 1 This necessitated the appointment of technical officers of full professional standing at the head of each section of the Register. In May, 1941,the Minister of Labour asked Lord Hankey to preside over an Inter-Depart- mental Committee to supervise the supply of technical personnel.The Central Register became concerned not only with filling vacancies but also with planning the organisation for the supply of technical personnel over the whole field of the war effort. For example, the plans for the State Bursary Scheme for expanding the intake by the universities of young scientists and engineers and for accelerating the professional training of engineers in industry both originated in the Central Register. The experience and resources of the Central Register became linked to the Technical Personnel Committee for which it acts as the main executive machine. The organisation of the supply of technical personnel is not one of the least important achievements in this technical and scientific war. In this work, the Central Register has played an indispensable part.Under the new procedure of progressive de-reservation which is being conducted by the District Man-Power Boards of the Ministry of Labour, steps are being taken to ensure that any man with technical qualifications of Central Register standard, who is not "deferred " in his existing work, or urgently required for work of national importance, will be dealt with by the Central Register and placed in work where his technical capacity will be fully utilised, such as a technical commission with the Forces or a suitable post in a Government department or with a firm concerned with vital war pro- duction. It is hoped that men with qualifications of Central Register standard will inform the Central Register when they cease to be reserved if no deferment application is being made on their behalf.The Ministry of Labour has recently announced an Appointments Department, a new organisation with a number of provincial branches. Its function will be to ensure that men and women possessing professional and higher industrial qualifications or experience are fully used to the national advantage. The major problem of the war has been, not so much to secure a supply of material or machines, but the man-power, in hands and skill and know- ledge, for the production and use of machines of war. Never before have such tasks been laid upon scientists and engineers, whether in the field, the factory or the laboratory. A thorough and persistent effort is needed to marshal our resources in technical personnel to ensure their most economical and effective use and to intensify the upgrading and training.The Central Register has only one aim,-to ensure that the war effort is not hampered or delayed or robbed of efficiency by lack of technical man-power. Fuel Economy-At the request of the Mines Department, meetings have been arranged by Engineering and Scientific Societies, including the Institute, to discuss means of improving the efficient use of fuel in [ 45 1 industrial plants. Fellows and Associates of the Institute have attended meetings at Manchester on 16th December, at Glasgow on rgth December, at Bristol on 3rd January, in London on 8th January, at Leeds on 20th January, at Nottingham on 23rd January, and at Belfast on 6th February, and a meeting will be held at Sheffield in the near future.At the meeting in London held at the Institution of Electrical Engineers Dr. E. S. Grumell, Chairman of the Fuel Efficiency Committee of the Mines Department, suggested that between nine and ten million tons of fuel might be saved annually: four-and-a-half million tons, equal to two-and-a-half per cent. of the coal used in the generation of steam, gas, heat, etc., four-and-a-half million tons, equal to two-and-a-half per cent. of the coal saved in the better utilisation of steam, gas, heat, etc., after genera- tion, and a half to one million tons used in the getting and transport of the nine million tons. It was not generally appreciated that five and a half tons of coal were used to raise IOO tons at the pit, and then there was the coal used in transport.If ten million tons were saved, something of the order of five hundred million train-miles would be saved, 30,000 (ten-ton) waggons would be released and upwards of 30,000 men. Economy could be effected by increasing the number of fuel engineers attached to the District Coal Officers or by making people "fuel conscious," so that they would bring about, by their own efforts, an improvement in the use of fuel, which, with goodwill, co-operation and education, would ensure advantages of permanent benefit. The Secretary of Mines had addressed a letter to the heads of industry asking them to use their personal influence to encourage a greater interest in the use of fuel.Inefficiency, in many instances, was due to lack of interest on the part of the management, because, in some cases, the cost of fuel was a relatively low proportion of the total cost of production. In other cases, the larger users of fuel were reluctant to employ a fuel engineer. Trade and Research organisations had been asked to set up their own Fuel Economy Commit tees. If Research Associations would take an interest in fuel problems, it would be perhaps the best and the quickest method of securing immediate economies and of assuring a more rational development for the use of fuel for steam raising, heating, power, etc. Dr. Grumell endorsed the opinions of Dr. E. W. Smith that greater co-ordination of all research bodies would be of assistance, that develop- ment should not be left to chance but should be planned, and that the day had passed when technical developments and research work should be kept secret.Arrangements were being made in collaboration with the Board of Education to provide lecture Courses for managerial staffs, information about which could be obtained from the Divisional Coal Officers. Dr. Grumell suggested that the scientific societies should collaborate in publishing articles and discussions, and generally in the dissemination of [ 46 1 knowledge of the whole subject of fuel economy. There was a lack of statistics on the utility of fuel, but the Mines Department was preparing a census of appliances and of coal used, in order to give a general survey of the matter.There was a lack of information with regard to the per- formance of various types of mechanical stokers, the sizes of coal and the draught required for combustion. A Joint Committee had been appointed to deal with such matters and the Mines Department had under considera- tion the setting up of testing stations for independent investigations. There were other questions, such as the treatment of fine slack, the sampling and analysis and the suitable distribution of coal according to its properties, the possibility of pooling steam and heat supplies, and so forth. The immediate object, however, was to save fuel now. In view of the rapidly changing conditions in the dyeing industry, the Society of Dyers and Colourists has appointed a Technical Advisory Committee as a means of bringing the accumulated knowledge and experience of the members to bear on matters within the purview of the Society, in order to enable it to play an effective part in the war.The services of this Committee, in a consultative capacity, are at the disposal of the Institute. The Committee consists of 55 members, representatives of the dye-making, dye-using and allied industries, and of allied and re- search organisations. The Technical Advisory Committee will function by means of comparatively small panels selected from its membership by an Executive Committee according to the nature of the problem on which the panel is required to report.Income Tax: Rebate to Chemists in Respect of Damaged Clothing.- “We think that some of our members may not be aware of the fact that following representations made by the British Association of Chemists and the Institute of Chemistry, the Commissioners of Inland Revenue in December, 1920, decided that Chemists should be allowed a rebate on a sum not exceeding Lz5 in any year expended on the replacement of clothing damaged during employment on professional duties. This decision would appear to apply in the case of clothing damaged by enemy action, since such damage would come within the definition ‘wholly necessarily and exclusively incurred for the purpose of employment ’.” -From State Service, December, 1941. The Miscellaneous Chemical Control has moved from Iron Trades House to Terminal House, 5th Floor, 52, Grosvenor Gardens, London, S.W.1 (Tel: Sloane 2271).Scrap Metal.-The Ministry of Works, at the request of the Ministry of Supply, urgently calls for the recovery of scrap metal. The Director of Demolition and Recovery (Mr. G. M. Carter of G. M. Carter Erectors, Ltd., Newcastle upon Tyne), is in charge of this work. c 47 I Obituary JOHNPEDROZO died at Ilfracombe on 20th December, 1941, D’ALBUQUERQUE in his 76th year. Born in London and educated at the City of London School, he studied chemistry at the University of Cambridge from 1885-1890, and in 1887 was elected Scholar, Exhibitioner and Wright Prizeman of St. John’s College. In 1889, he obtained a .first class in Part I1 of the Natural Sciences Tripos and was appointed demonstrator to Professor Liveing in the University Laboratory.In due course he proceeded to M.A., and in 1890 he was appointed Government Professor of Chemistry and Public Analyst for Barbados, West Indies, where also he was largely engaged on experiments at the Island Agricultural Experimental Station. In 1926 he was appointed first Director of Agriculture for Barbados and two years later he retired from the service. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1892. WALTER SYDNEY CLARKdied at Luton on 15th October, 1941, in his 60th year. Trained at the City and Guilds of London Central Technical College, he obtained the Diploma A.C.G.I. in 1906, and in the same year qualified as a Pharmaceutical Chemist.From 1907-1915, he worked at the Anglo-Continental Guano Co., Ltd. with H. H. B. Shepherd, Fellow, and during the same period continued his studies at West Ham Municipal Technical Institute. In 1915 he enlisted as a Corporal in the Royal Engineers, but later obtained a commission as Lieutenant in the Yorks and Lanes Regiment, before he was transferred to an ordnance factory under the Ministry of Munitions, where he continued until the end of the war. From 1919 he was engaged as a manufacturing chemist at Luton. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1915. I JOSEPHCAMPBELLELLIOTT died suddenly while on a visit to Sandown, Isle of Wight, on 3rd March, 1941, in his 53rd year. He was educated at Wesley College, Dublin, and studied at the Royal College of Science for Ireland (Dublin) from 1907- 1910, gaining the Associateship of the College.Ho subsequently worked with Professor--later Sir -Gilbert Morgan on behalf of the Gratwich Cancer Research Institute of Huffklo, U.S.A., on organic compounds of arsenic, mercury and selenium suitable for therapeutic application. In October, 1914, he joined the Colours asa despatch rider and became attached as EL Corporal to the Royal Engineers. He was transferred to the Special Brigade, R. E., in June, 1915, commissioned in 1916, and awarded the M.C. in the same year. At the end of the war he was attached to No. I G.H.Q. Chemistry School at Roubaix. On demobilisation in 1919, he obtained an appointment with Messrs.Levinstein, but in the following year joinedWilliam Mortimer & Co., Ltd., later The Orford Tanning Co., Ltd., at Warrington, of which Company he was a director at the time of his death. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1917. UEORGBHOLLANDELLIS died at Beeston, Notts., on 27th May, 1941, in his 48th year. Born at Stoneclough, Lanes., he was educated at the Municipal Secondary School and studied science at the Municipal College of Technology, Manchester, where he gained the Diploma of the Associateship of the College. In 1912, he became an assistant chemist with the Ship Canal Portland Cement Manufacturers, Ltd., at Elleamere Port. In 1914 he became assistant research chemist with the Calico Printers’ Association, Ltd., in the Central Laboratory, Rhodes, near Man-Chester, and thereafter was a research and general administrative chemist at the Bradshaw-Hammond & Co., Ltd., Branch, Reddish Vale, Stockport, except for a period of service with the Forces during the War of 1914-1918, when he was invalided owing to phosgene poisoning.He was specially interested in problems connected with fire-proofing and dyeing of balloon fabrics. Prom 1923 he was engaged with British Celanesc, Ltd., at the Spondon factory, where he held the appointment of chief colourist until his death. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1920. [ 48 1 ARTHURGEAKE died at Wilmslow, Cheshire, on 19th December, in his 5lst year. Educated at the Christian Brothers’ College, Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Technical College, and the University of Bristol, he graduated B.Sc.with first class honours in 1910, and in the following year proceeded to M.Sc. and subsequently to Ph.D. He became engaged on research work for the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, as assistant to Dr. M. Nierenstein, with whom, as well as independently, he was the author of a number of papers published in the Biochemical Journal and elsewhere. In September, 1914, he joined the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, and later served with the Special Brigade, R.E., before he was transferred to munitions work as a shift chemist, and later as a research chemist, at H.M. Factory, Gretna. From 1919 to 1920, he was a research chemist with the British Dyestuffs Corporation, Ltd., Blackley ; from 1920-1922, research chemist with British Cyanides Co., Ltd., at Oldbury; and in the latter year was appointed a senior assistant on the staff of British Cotton Industry Research Association, Didsbury.Ho was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1916, and a Fellow, in 1940. HARRY died at Keighley on 20th July, 1941, in his 62nd year. Educated HARPER at the Central Higher Grade School, Manchester, he studied at the Royal College of Science, London, from 1896-1899, was awarded the Associateship of the College, graduated B.Sc. (Lond.) and, having taken special courses at Bradford Technical College, obtained the full technological certificates of the City and Guilds of London Institute in Wool, Cotton, and Silk Dyeing and in Iron and Steel manufacture.From 1900-1902, he was assistant lecturer in chemistry, and from 1902-1908, assistant in the chemistry and physics department, of the Huddersfield Technical College. From 1908 until his retirement in 1940 he was head of the Chemistry Department of the Trade and Grammar School, Keighley. He was joint author with Dr. James Bruce of a textbook on Practical Chemistry, and author of An Introduction to Textile Chemistry. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1919. BERT HARRIS died at. Cambridge on 20th November, in his 41st year. He was educated at Northampton School, and from 1920 to 1924 studied at Cambridge, obtaining a first class in Part I1 of the Natural Sciences Tripos in 1923.He sub- sequently proceeded to M.A. and also graduated B.Sc. (Lond.), with honours in chemistry. During 1924-1925 he continued at Cambridge as a demonstrator and supervisor, and in the latter year obtained an appointment as works and research chemist with the Calico Printers’ Association, Manchester, where he was also a demonstrator in the Manchester College of Technology. In 1931 he joined the staff of the British Aluminium Co., Ltd., at Warrington, and, from 1934-1939 was engaged in the Research Department of the Morgan Crucible Co., Ltd., at Battersea. Thereafter, he was a member of the staff of the Chemical Inspec~on Department of the Ministry of Supply.He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1932. The death of SsnluEL EDWARDS in his 62nd year, has recently HODGRINSON, been reported by the Manchester Local Section.He was trained at the Manchester School of Technology, where he attended many classes between 1903 and 1916, while employed with the Co-operative Wholesale Society, Ltd. In 1895 he entered the textile laboratory of William Graham & Co., Ltd., and after three years became a clerk at the Co-operative Wholesale Society’s Tobacco Factory, where, in the course of time, he became engaged in the testing of tobacco for excise purposes, and also acted as private secretary to the Manager. Until then, he had paid special attention to commercial subjects and qualified as an Associate of the Chartered Institute of Secretaries. About 1905 the Company fitted up a laboratory, of which he had charge from 1908 onwards. He continued his classes, however, and in due course took the degree of B.Com. in 1925 and M.A.in 1925, both at the University of Xanchester. He was the author of works on the Chemistry of Tobacco, contributed to Martin’s Induslrial and Manufacturing Chemistry (Organic),fourth edition, and Atack’s Ghemi.sts’ Year Book, and he carried out extensive researches on the utilisation of tobacco offal. He was elected an Associate in 1919. VINCENT HERBERT KIREHAM died at Eldoret European Hospital, Kenya Colony, on 12th September, 1941, in his 61st year. Educated at Portsmouth Grammar School, he matriculated at London University, and from 1897-1904 was a [ 49 1 pupil-later assistant-of Mr.J. Moore Murray, Public Analyst and Lecturer in Chemistry at the Municipal Technical Institute, Port<smouth. In 1904, Mr. Edward Russell, Fellow, succeeded Mi-. Murray as Public Analyst and Kirkham continued as assistant. In the meantime (1903) he graduated B.Sc. (Lond.). In 1905, he was appointed Agricultural Chemist in the County Laboratories, Chelmsford, and in 191 1 he became Government Analyst at Nairobi, where he developed his Department for the benefit of the Colony. In 1923 he was appointed Director of Agriculture and Government Chemist to the Zanzibar Protectorate, from which post he retired in 1934, when he returned to Kenya Colony. Ho was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1905 and a Fellow in 1908, aiid was for many years Honorary Corresponding Secretary for British East Africa.The Institute has only recently been notified that MAURICE NOEL LACELL died in June, 1939, in his 54th year. Born at Heme1 Hempstead, Herts., he was educated at Exeter Grammar School. He matriculated at London University and studied at East London College-now Queen Mary College-from 1904 to 1907, when he graduated B.Sc. (Lond.), and joined the Standard Ammonia Co., Ltd., as a chemist. In 1912 he became chief chemist, later assistant manager and works manager at East Greenwich. He was also works manager to the London Phosphate Syndicate at Old Ford. About 1918 he became works manager to the Magnesium Metal Co., Ltd., and the Magnesium Chloride Co., Ltd.-later the Magnesium Production Co., Ltd.Much of his research resulted in improved manufacturing processes. His brother, Harold George Lacell, FeZZou., died in 1929. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1918. LIONEL LEIGH-SMITH died at Hindhead, Surrey, on 19th January, ill his. 70th gear. He was educated at St. Leonards School, and with W. C. T. Heasley, M.A., at St.. Leonards-on-Sea, and proceeded to Cambridge, where he studied from 1891 to 1895, taking honours in Parts I and IT of the Natural Sciences Tripos, and subse- quently proceeding to the degree of M.A. He then worked for about two years in the laboratory of the late William Macnab, Pellow, and thereafter was chemist to the Eritish Aluminium Co. at Milton in Staffordshire until 1903, when he underwent a course of instruction at Waltham Abbey, before he was appointed chemist in the Cordite Factory at Aruvankaclu, where he remained until his retirement in 1931. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1908.HAROLDMCGOWANdied in his 32nd year, as the result of an accident. near Thorner, Leeds. Born at Stow-on-the-Wold, he was educated at the Friends’ School, Saffron TValden, and Bootham school, York. We was for about eight months a junior assistant analyst with Messrs. Rowntree SS Co., before he studied at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, where he gained the Associateship of the Royal College of Science, and graduated B.Xc. (Lond.) with hoizours in chemistry, subsequently proceeding to M.Sc. in 1931. He then joined the staff of Messrs. Burroughs, Wellcome & Co.at Dartford, and at the time of his death he held an appointment under the Ministry of Supply. He was elected an Associate of the lnstitute in 1919, and in 1931 he passed the Examination for Fellowship in Branch E, the Chemistry (and Microscopy) of Food, Drugs and Water. Sergeant Observer (Navigator and Bombor) LEONARD MAXCHIP, R.R.F., a Registered Student of the Institute, was reported “missing” in May, 1941, and is now presumed to be dead. Born on 2nd Kovember, 1919, at Gillinghani, Kent, he was educated at Sir Walter St. John’s School, Battersea, and on winning a scholarshipbecame registered as a Student of the Institute at Keble College, Oxford, in 1939. He had been serving with the R.A.F.since the outbreak of war. GEOFFREYMILNE died suddenly at Nairobi, Kenya, on 16th January, in his 44th year. Born at Hull, where he was educated at Hyiners College, he trained at Leeds University and graduated B.Sc. with first class honours in chemistry, later proceeding to M.Sc. On leaving the University in 1921 he was appointed junior assistant in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry of the Xorth of Scotland College of Agriculture, Aherdeen, but in 1923 he returned to Leeds as assistant lecturer in the Agricultural Chemistry Department. His published work dealt with the effect of graduated extractions with acid upon the composition and d~soi~ptior: c 50 1 properties of a iiiineral soil, on exchangeable bases in soils, on the estimation of potassium in soil extracts, and the composition of various types of roots.In 1928 he was appointed soil chemist at the Xast African Research Institute, Amani, Tanganyika Territory, which appointment he held at the time of his death. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1923 and a Fellow in 1928. ERNESTBROOKSXAYr>oR died at Gathurst, near Wigan, on 31st January, in his 65th year. Educated at the School of Science, Bolton, and at Owens College-now the University-Manchester, he graduated B.Sc. with honours and later proceeded to XSc. He was for 33 years lecturer in chemistry at the Technical Institute, Burnley, and 1$ years lecturer at the Technical Schools, Widnes, before he ioined the staff of the Mlning and Technical College, Wigan, as lecturer in metallurgy. In 1905, he became head of the chemistry department, from which position he retired in 1938.A successful teacher and a loyal and keen worker for the interests of the Institute, he was elected an Associate in 1907 and a Fellow in 1510. WILLISM JOHN died at Birmingham, on 23rd December, 1941, in his 40th PRICE pear. Educated at King Edward’s Grammar School, Aston, and King Edward’s School, Birmingham, he studied at Birmingham University, graduated B.Sc. in 1921 and, after spending two years in research under Professor A. R. Ling, was awarded the degree of M.Sc. From 1919 he was also engaged part-time as assistant chemist with Mitchells & Butlers, Ltd., with whom he remained as a research chemist and, eventually, deputy chief chemist until his death.He made a special study of the antiseptic properties of hops, worts, beers and other brewing materials, and was a member of the Advisory sub-Committee on Hops, of the Research Association of the Institute of Brewing. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1923, and a Fellow in 1941. JOHN died in Edinburgh on 22nd January in his 46th year. WILLIAM SWAXNEY Born at Leith, he was educated at Trinity Academy in that town, and at Heriot- Watt College and the University, Edinburgh. He graduated B.Sc. in 1922 rand was awarded the Associateship of Heriot-Watt College in 1927. From 1922 to 1924 he was principal science master at Loanhead Science School, Midlothian; in the latter year he became assistant science master at the Bomughmuir Secondary School under the Edinburgh Education Authority and, since 1938, principal science master at the James Clark School, Edinburgh.He wm elected an Associate of the Institute in 1928. OLIVERTRIGGERdied at Worthing on 22nd January, in his 82nd year. The son of William Trigger, of Newbolds Farm, near M701verhampton, he was educated at Brewood Grammar School and Denstone College, Staffordshire, and studied at the Royal College of Chemistry, South Kensington, from 1878-1880. In 1883 he joined the staff of the Department of the War Office Chemist, Woolwich Arsenal, where he continued until the war of 1914-1918. He was Deputy Head Chemist in the Depart- ment of Chemical Inspection in the Ministry of Munitions, and later Technical Adviser to the Directorate. In 1918 he was appointed a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, and in 1919 he retired.He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1887, served on the Council for three periods, and was for many years a very helpful Member of the Benevolent Fund Committee. HARRYWILSON died at Blackpool on 18th October, 1941, in his 80th year. Born and educated at Southport, he was trained for pharmacy under Dr. J. C. Thresh at Buxton, and continued his studies at Owens College, Manchester, and at Hudders- field Technical College. He was for some years engaged in the laboratory of Messrs. James Woolley, Sons & Co., Manufacturing Chemists at Manchester, and passed the Major Examination of the Pharmaceutical Society in 1885.In 1894 he became partner with W. B. Randall, in the firm of Randall & Wilson, Ltd., Southampton, of which he became Governing Director in 1902, retiring in 1927. He served on the Formulary Committee of the British Pharmaceutical Conference, and from 1915 to 1919 as an Examiner to the Pharmaceutical Society. He was the author of several papers contributed to the British Pharmaceutical Conference and The Pharmaceutical Journal. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1888 and a Fellow in 1892. r 51 1 Books and their Contents The following new book has been kindly presented by the publishers- “Elementary General Science.” Edited by J. M. Harrison. Book 111. Pp. viii + 248.(London, New York and Toronto: Lon,gnans, Green & CO.) 5s. Intended to meet the requirements of the more modern School Certificate General Science Examination Syllabuses. Carbon monoxide, methane, coal-gas ; carbon compounds; carbon assimilation and the carbon cycle ; heat measurements ; man and his food ; nitric acid and some of its derivatives ; parasites ; force; gravity ; energy ; waves ; optics ; pressure in fluids; sulphur; sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid; salt ; hydrochloric acid; chlorine ; caustic soda; metals; insects ; flowers, fruits and seeds ; heredity and evolution. The following books have been presented to the Library of the Institute by the Registrar :-“Essays in Historical Chemistry.” Sir Edward Thorpe, C.B., F.R.S.London, 1923. I‘ Chemical and Physical Researches.’’ Thomas Graham, F.R.S. Edin-burgh, 1876. “Introduction to the Study of Chemical Philosophy.” William A. Tilden, F.R.S. London and New York, 1891. “Laboratory Teaching or Progressive Exercises in Practical Chemistry. ” C. L. Bloxam. Edited by A. G. Bloxam. London, 1893. “Consolations in ‘Travel or the Last Days of a Philosopher.’’ Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. London, 1830. A Collection of Twenty Lectures given before the British Science Guild. “Endeavour.”-The Institute has recently received the first number of a new British Scientific Quarterly, the object of which is to keep before the world the continuing vitality and progress of the sciences in the service of mankind.The Editor, Dr. E. J. Holmyard, is assisted by Professor Allan Ferguson, Sir Robert Robinson, Dr. R. E. Slade and Dr. C. H. Waddington. The first issue contains articles by the Astronomer Royal, Dr. H. Spencer Jones, Sir William Bragg, Sir William Yonge, Mr. J. G. Crowther, Mr. A. L. Bacharach, Professor John Read, Dr. C. H. Waddington and others, and correspondence from many well-known scientists. “Endeavour” is being distributed largely to colleges, scientific institu- tions, clubs, and prominent industrialists and other individuals and is published by Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., with the co-operation of the British Council. The latter body was established in 1934,at the instance of the Foreign Office supported by other Government Depart- ments, to make the life and thought of the British peoples more widely known abroad, to promote a mutual interchange of knowledge and ideas with other peoples, and, inter alia, to make available to other peoples the benefits of current British contributions to the sciences and technology.C621 The British Standards Institution has recently issued-British Standard: No. 997-1941. Crude Sperm Oil. The Institute has received from the Mines Department the Nineteenth Annual Report of the Safety in Mines Research Board including a Report of matters dealt with by the Health Advisory Committee, 1940. H.M. Stationery Office, IS. net. The Report deals with coal dust and firedamp explosions, electrical researches, mining explosives, safety lamps, mine lighting, falls of ground, haulage, etc.; protection against dust, silicosis; lectures, films, lantern slides and exhibits. The Imperial Institute, Mineral Resources Department, has recently issued a leaflet containing Supplementary Statistics for addition to the Imperial Institute monograph on Manganese by A. W. Groves, giving particulars of the World’s Production of Manganese Ore 1938-1939, Exports of Ferro-Manganese, Spiegeleisen, etc. The British Compressed Air Society has published the 1941 edition of “Compressed Air Terms and Standards,” as. 6d. post free. Compressed air definitions ; types of compressors; method of construction: systems of compression; systems of cooling; methods of drive; types of installa-tion; accessories and details, etc.A brochure entitled “Chemistry in the Development of New Zealand Industry”: A Review of the Influence of the Chemist in the First Hundred Years of New Zealand’s History-has been published jointly by the New Zealand Section of the Institute and the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry. It contains an introduction by Sir Thomas Easterfield and articles by members of both Institutes dealing with goldmining, agriculture, meat freezing, dairy chemistry, cold storage, wheat, wool, leather, flax, tobacco, fertilisers, food and drugs, coal and gas, ceramics, Portland cement, brewing, petroleum, highway materials and pharmaceuticals. The Register At the meetings of Council held on 19th December, 1941, and a3rd and 30th January, 1942,4 new Fellows were elected, I Fellow was re-elected, 16 Associates were elected to the Fellowship, 71 new Associates were elected, I Associate was re-elected, and 36 Students were admitted.The Council regrets to record the deaths of 10 Fellows, 8 Associates, and I Student. New Fellows Ballantyne, William Henry, B.Sc. (Glas.), 112, Hatton Garden, London, E.C.l. Hurley, John, B.Sc. (Birm.), Blakeley Green, Tettenhall, Staffs. Ridsdale, Noel Douglas, Providence House, Bishop Monkton, Harrogate. Williams, Howell, 31, Sudbury Court Drive, Harrow, Middx. 53 1 Re-elected Fellow Theomin, Mrs. Ethel Grace, B.Sc. (Lond.), c/o Messrs. Graviner Co., Ltd., Gosport Road, Fareham, Hants. Associates elected to the Fellowship Alexander, James Ranald, M.A., B.Sc.(St. Andrews), Yh.D. (Cantab.), Strathearn, 7, Oakleigh Road, Stourbridge. Critchley, George Norton, M.Sc. (Sheff.), A.M.I.Chem.E., 39, Holland Street, London, W.8. Darley, John Harold, 54, Beaufort Road, London, W.5. Holt, Paul Frederic, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Lond.), D.I.C., 26, The Avenue, Sunbury-on- Thames. Lafferty, Cyril Denis, B.Sc. (Liv.), 6, Caldecott Road, Kirkee, India. Lovern, John Arnold, Ph.D., D.Sc. (Liv.), 19, Woodhill Road, Aberdeen. Lovett, Martin, B.Sc. (Lond.), West Riding Rivers Board, 71, Northgate, Wakefield. Macwalter, Roy James, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Lond.), A.M.I.Chem.E., 17, The Grove, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset. Myer, Edward, 10, Porto Hey Road, Irby, Wirral. Overin, Richard Leslie, B.Sc. (Lond.), 89, Cankerbury Road, Kennington, Ashford, Kent. Poxon, Denis Will, B.Sc.(Lond.), Melton Lane, Sutton Bonington, nr. Loughborough, Loics. Rothwell, Bernard Paul, M.Sc. (Vict.), 6, Woodend Road, Davenport, Stockport. Scarf, Frank, M.Sc. (Birm.), Metchley, Twatling Road, Rednal, Birmingham. Threadgold, Hubert, B.Sc. (Lond.), 11, Riddlesdale Avenue, Tunbridge Wells. Weatherall, Harry, 83, Queen’s Avenue, Meols, Cheshire. Wright, Clifford Rex, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., D.I.C., 8, Highfield Drive, Ewell, Surrey. New Associates Bailey, Arthur John Marson, B.Sc. (Lond.), 3, East Road, Maidenhead. Barkley, Harry, B.Sc. (Liv.), Messrs. Glaxo Laboratories, Ltd., Greenford, Middx. Bayley, William John, B.Sc. (Lond.), 140, Ferrars Road, Tinsley, Sheffield.Bloor, Ernest Charles, B.Sc. (Lond.), 23, Upper Belgrave Road, Longton, Stoke-on- Trent. Bowman, Ralph Edward, B.Sc. (Lond.), Pine View, Burtons Way, Chalfont St, Giles, Bucks. Breaden, Thomas William, M.Sc. (N.U.I.), 340, Clontarf Road, Dollymount, Dublin. Brundell, James Evans, M.Sc. (N.Z.), 646, Mt. Albert Road, Royal Oak, Auckland, S.E.3, New Zealand. Chapman, Norman Bellamy, B.A., Ph.D. (Cantab.), Magdalene College, Cambridge. Chatterjee, Durga Pada, M.Sc. (Calcutta), 127, Downagazy Road, P.O. Bally Howrah, Bengal, India. Christie, Hamish, B.Sc. (Glas.), 12, Ruskin Terrace, Glasgow, W.2. Claret, Paul Arthur, 18, Grove Road, Bridgend, Glam. Clarke, Arthur Henry, B.Sc. (Lond.), 108, Elthorne Park Road, London, W.7. Collins, Ronald Bernard, B.Sc.(Lond.), Ilford Research Laboratories, Messrs. Ilford, Ltd., Ilford. Cronne, David Henry, B.Sc. (Q.U.B.), 60, Wellington Park, Belfast. Crossley, Harold, 16, Broad Green Road, Liverpool, 14. Crowder, Norman Frederic, 50, Higher Lane, Lymm, nr. Warrington. Dickinson, Miss Lois, B.Sc. (Mane.), 6, Billington Road, Agecroft, Pendlebury, Lancs, Dowdeswell, Dennis Alan, B.Sc. (Lond.), 36, Beacon Road, Loughborough, Leics. Edwards, Lawrence John, B.Sc. (Lond.), 30, Linden Gardens, London, W.2. Fowler, Frank, Ph.C., 12, Ashfield Road, Chorley, Lancs. Gentry, Charles Harold Raymond, B.Sc. (Lond.), 40, Severn Road, Clacton-on-Sea. Glover, John, M.Sc. (Q.U.B.), 53, St. Thomas’s Road, Chorley, Lancs. Godfrey, Alan Crofton, B.Sc.(Lond.), c/o I.C.I. (Plastics), Ltd., Research Depart- ment, Black Fan Road, Welwyn Garden City, Herts. Harries, Cledwyn Ronald Stephen, B.Sc. (Wales), Janefield Cottage, George Place, Stevenst on, Ayrshire. Hayes, Frank Wypn, Hulett’s South African Refineries, Ltd., Laboratory, Rossburgh, Natal, S. Africa. I: 54 1 Hilton, Frederick, B.Sc., Yh.D. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., 22, Brighton Road, Addle+one,13 Surrey.Hodgson, William, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Liv.), 50, Maiden Lane, Liverpool, 13. Jones, Norman Ralph, B.Sc. (Lond.), 6, Fernside Road, Winton, Bournemouth. Kraniers, Willem Julianus, B.A., B.Sc. (Oxon.), 41, Legh Road, Sale Moor, Man-Chester. Landells, George, B.Sc. (Dunelm), 26, Tweed Street, Hebburn, Co. Durham. Large, Frank Elton, 15, Granville Terrace, Stone, Staffs.Lawson, John Charles, B.A. (Cantab.), Broadheath, Hall Park, Lancaster. Lodwick, John Rhys, B.Sc. (Lond.), c/o Anglo-Iranian Oil Co., Abadan, Iran. Manahan, William Xugustine, M.Sc. (N.U.I.), 25. Nottingham Place, London, W.l. Martin, Graham Robert, R.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., University Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham City. McDowell, Charles Alexander, B.Sc. (Q.C.B.), 8, Thiepval Arehue, Belfast. McKoberts, Thomas Stanley, B.Sc. (Q.U.B.),Ballykelly House, Blackscull, Dromore, Co. Down, N. Ireland. Michael, Stephen Ernest, Ph.D. (Freiburg), c/o British Rubber Producers’ Research Association, 48, Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Herts. Morgan, Jack Donald, B.Sc. (Lond.), 1, Priory Road, Tonbridge, Kent.MurfXt, Harry Charles, B.Sc. (Lond.), 5, Lydeard Road, London, E. 0. Norris, Alfred, B.A., B.Sc. (Oxon.), 332, Kensington Street, Girlington, Bradford. O’NeilI, Thomas Gerard, 23, Carisbrooke Road, Walton, Liverpool, 4. Owen, John Thomas, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Wales), at “Trosmarian,” Llangoed, Beaumaris, Anglesey. Parkins, Ronald, B.Sc. (Lond.), Burnt Oak, East Bergholt, nr. Colchester. Phillips, Reginald Francis, MA., R.Sc. (Oxon.), 88, Woodfield Way, London, N.ll. Pinder, Albert Reginald, B.Sc. (Sheff.), 194, Springfield Road, Millhouses, Shefield, 7. Pitts, Frank, B.A. (Cantab.), 9, Highfield Road, Lymm, Cheshire. Pye, Charles Rossall, B.Sc. (Lond.), 27, St. George’s Road, Wallington, Surrey. Read, Malcolm George, B.Sc. (Lond.), 73, Laburnum Road, Hayes, Middx. ltees, Albert Lloyd George, M.Sc.(Melbourne), Ph.D. (Lond.), Chcrnistry Depart- ment, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, S.W.7. Reid, James Hamilton, B.Sc. (Glas.), A.R.T.C., 11, Barns Crescent, Ayr, Scotland. Iteilly, Desmond Myles Connor, B.Sc. (X.U.I.), 3 Carrigfern, College Road, Cork, Eire. Seyfang, Amyot Paul, 15a, Wells Drive, London, N.W.9. Shaw, William Harold Cullen, 27, Noel Street, Nottingham. Sheppard, Harry Joseph, B.Sc. (Lond.), 11, Vernon Avenue, Raynes Park, London, S.W.20. Shingleston, Alfred George, B.Sc. (Lond.), 18, St. Ladoc Road, Keynsham, IW. Bristol. Sillars, David Rose, B.Sc. (Glas.), A.R.T.C., 67, Frazer Street, \T70rkington, Cumber- land. Swan, George Albert, B.Sc. (Dunelm), 3, Kavensworth Crescent, Low Fell, Gateshead 9, Co.Durham. Taylor, James, 62, Southway, London, N.W.11. Thomas, Leslie Roderick, BSc. (Lond.), 26, Arthur Street, Williamstown, Ithondda, S. Wales. Thomson, Ronald Hunter, B.Sc. (Leeds), 20, Kensiugtoii Terrace, Leeds, 6. Tomlinson, Russell Frederick, 10a, Bold Street, Warrington. Walker, Wilfred Arthur, R.Sc. (Lond.), 11, Field Street, Shepshed, Loughborough, Leics. Westmoreland-White, Miss Beryl, B.Sc. (Lond.), 68, Glendower Avenue, Coventry. Whitehouse, Arthur Arnold Keer, M.A. (Cantab.), 83, Westley Road, 3cocks Green, Birmingham, 27. Wignall, John Samuel, RSc., Ph.D. (Lond.), 30, Kingsley Avenue, Rugby. Willmot, Wilfred Eric, c/o Mrs. English, 19, Palatine Avenue, Bowerham, Lancs.Wilson, Ian Stuart, M.Sc., PhD. (Leeds), 21, Westminster Drive, Wrexham, Denbighshire.IVinter, Ernest Roy Sealey, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., Willowdene, 3, Xewton Road, Bletchley, Bucks. Wood, James Herbert, 1, Walkden Avenue, Mesnes Road, Wigan. Yearsley, Cecil Wentworth, M.Sc. (Lond.),5, Pereira Road, Harborne, Birmingham, 17. Re-elected Associate Stopford, Thomas Rinck, M.Sc. (Manc.), 28, Westbourne Road, Marsh, Huddersfield. [ 56 J New Students Alexander, Edward Peter James, Bank House, 5, High Road, Willesden Green, London, N.W. 10. Allen, Robert, 15, Pearl Grove, Acocks Green, Birmingham, 27. Ashton, David John Antony, 80, Park Avenue, Wrexhsm. Benny, Henry Thomas, St. Piran, High Road, Stovenston, Ayrshire. Broadbent, Neville Halford, 30, Penlcett Road, Wallasoy. Campbell, Archibald, 3, Leainington Road, Edinburgh, 3.Chapman, William Bernard, 47, Otter Street, Derby. Clements, John Godfrey, 89, Penarth Road, Grangetown, Cardiff. Colinese, Dennis Charles, 8, Hazel Avenue, Maidstone, Davis, John Burton, 33, Harelock Hoad, Croydon. Dutton, Kenneth Richard, 40. Sutton Lane, I-lounslou-. Fryer, Miss Thelma Doreen, 28, Vernon Road, Bushey, Herts. Gollin, Albaii William James, 14, Shepherds Gardens, London, W. 12. Inman, Eric Richard, Church House, Knaresborough, Yorks. Jones, Robert, 188, High Park Street, Liverpool, 8. Keene, Richard Michael, 52, Victoria Road, London, N.W.7. Kyle, Thom Ian, 2, Yosford Plaee, Edinburgh, 6. Large, Gordon, 101, Queen Street, Swinton, hlexborough, Yorke.Libman, Dennis David, 135, Adalaide Road, London, N.W.3. Lynch, Miss Sybil Bridget Roche, 81, Sussex Place, Slough, BUC~S. Mayoh, Ronald, 126, Ainsworth Lane, Bolton. Morgan, Edward Korman, Myrtle Villa, Brynithel Crescent, Llanhilleth, Mon. Noble, Peter James, The White House, Sutton, Macclesfield. Ogden, Cyril Pcrcival, 13, Kildare Road, Swinton, Lancs. Pare, Richard, 6, Stratford Avenue, Atherstone, Warwickshire. Ritchie, Gilbert Benjamin, Aucheiihabrig, Kilrnacolm, Renfrewshiro. Robinson, Joseph Court, Town End, Nether Kellet, nr. Camforth, Lancs. Scanlon, Kenneth Evans, 19, Ililrose Avenue, Urinston, nr. Manchedtcr. Schofield, Arthur William, 50, Ronald Street, Qldham. Senior, Robert Rirst, 29, Red Doles Road, Fartown, Huddersfield.Snook, Horace Henry, 95, Dover Road, London, E.12. Spence, Miss Joan Betty, 11, Heathfield Road, Bebington. Wirral, Cheshire. Sudworth, Geoffrey Booth, 59, Righercroft Road, Lower Darwen, Darmen. Tawn, Alec Richard Hornscy, 15, hlarlborough Avenue, Hornsea, Yorks. Williams, James Frederick, 12, Dobell Road, London, S.E.9. Winning, Herbert, Jr., The Croft, Kilinacolm, Ronfrewshire. DEATHS Fellows John Pedrozo d’Albuquerque, M.A. (Cantab.).Arthur Geake, B.Sc. (Lond.), Ph.D.(Bris.). Vincent Herbert Kirkham, B.Sc. (Lond.). Harold McGowan, M.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. Geoffrey Milne, hI.Sc. (Leeds). Ernest Brooks Naylor, M.Sc. (Manc.). William John Price. M.Sc. (Birm.). Lionel Leigh Smith, M.A. (Cantab.).Oliver Trigger, M.R.E.Harry Wilson. Associates Walter Sydney Clark, A.C.G.I., Ph.C. Joseph Campbell Elliott, M.C., BSc. (Lond.), A.R.C.Sc.1. George Holland Ellis, A.M.C.T. Harry Harper, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. Bert Harris, M.A. (Cantab.), B.Sc. (Lond.).Samuel Edwards Hodgkinson, M.A. (Manc.), A.C.I.S., B.Corn. Maurice Noel Lacell, B.Sc. (Lond.). John William Swanney, B.Sc. (Edin.) A.H.-W.C. [561 Registered Student Leonard Manchip. (Reported missing ;presumed dead.) CHANGE OF NAME (Miss) Alice Patterson Weatherhead, Ph.D. (Edin.), A.H.-W.C., Associate, to Mrs. Hickie,-on her marriage. Coming Events Feb. 27 CHEMICAL SOCIETY (South Yorkshire). “The Chemistry of Starch.” Professor E. L. Hirst, F.R.S., at the University, Western Bank, Sheffield, 10, at 5.30 p.m.(Fellows and Associates of the Institute are invited to attend.) OF CHEMICALINDUSTRYSOCIETY (Birmingham and Midlands Section). Joint Meeting with the Plastics Group :“Chemical Factors involved in the glueing of wood with cold-setting urea-formaldehyde resins.” Mr. W. G. Campbell, at the Chamber of Commerce, at 6.30 p.m. SOCIETY (Edinburgh Section) :Jointly with the Food OF CHEMICALINDUSTRY Group: Four papers, by the staff of the Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, on Scientific Research and the Fish Industry, at the North British Station Hotel, Edinburgh, at 7.30 p.m. March 2 Institute of Chemistry: Annual General Meeting, at the Institute, at 3 p.m. SOCIETY INDUSTRYOF CHEMICAL (London Section).“Gold and its Scope in Industry.” Mr. E. Downs, at the Chemical Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W.l, at 2.15 p.m. 6 SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS AND OTHER ,ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS: Lhnual General Meeting. At the Chemical Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W.l, at 4 p.m. “Entomology of Commerce.” Professor J. W. Munro, at 4.45 p.m. 10 CHEMICAL SOCIETY.Joint Meeting with the Leeds University Chemical Society. Discussion on the “Enzymatic Breakdown of Tryptophan to Indole.” Opened by Dr. €1. A. Krebs, DF. F. C. Happold and Dr. J. U’. Baker. 18 THE I~sTITuTE (London and S.E. Counties Section): (Jointly with the OFLondon and Home Counties Branch of the INSTITUTEPHYSIC$): “The Applications of Nuclear Physics in Chemistry and Biology.” Pro-fessor M.L. E. Oliphant, F.R.S., at tho Royal Institution, Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, W.l, at 2.30 p.m. 20 SOCIETYOF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY(Birmingham and Midland Section).Annual General Meeting, at 6.15 p.m., Jubilee Memorial Lecture : “Science and the Land.” Professor F. L. Engledow, at the Chamber of Commerce, at 6.30 p.m. 21-28 Chemical and Allied Industries : London Warships Week. Com-munications to the Secretary, Room 85a, Nobel House, 2, Bucking-ham Gate, London, S.W.l. r. 57 1 28 THE INSTITLTE(South Yorkshiro Section). “Tlio Coliiery Chiiiist at 8 Group of Collieries,” Mr. J. T. Storrow; --The Colliery Chemist and Safety Requirements,” Dr. F. V. Tideswell: “The Training of the Colliery Chemist,” Dr.T. G. Woolhouso. Short yaperg to bo followed by discussion, at thc College of Technology and .4rt, Rotherham, at 3.0 p.m. April 6 SOCIETY OH CHEMICAL INDUSTRY(London Section). Discussion on “Laboratory Design,” opened by Mr. J. McKillop, Mr. W. E. Prytherch and Ilk. P. L. Rilham, at the Chemical Societ’y, Burlingtoil House, Piccadilly, London, W.l, at 2.15 p.m. 10-1 1 INSTITUTEOF PHYSICS: Conference on “X-ray Analysis in Industry” ;4t Cambridge. “Tho Historical Development of X-ray Analysis,” by Sir. Lawrence Bragg, O.R.E., M.C., F.R.S., President. 13 SOCIETY (Yorkshire Section) : Annual General Meet- OF CHEMICAL INDCSTRY ing. Joint Meeting of the Section with tho Food Group. ‘-Colour in Foods.” THE INSTITUTE(London and S.E.Counties Section): “What tho Plant does with its Materials.” Dr. Hugh Nicol. at the Institute, 30, Russell Square, London, W.C.1, at 6 p.m. 21 THEINSTITUTE(Leeds Area Section): Joint Meeting with ths Leede TJniversity Chemical Society . 25 MIDLANDCHEMISTS: Luncheon-Dance. May 12 THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY (Leeds Area): Eighth Pedler Lecture. “Recent Progress in Stereochemistry.” Dr. W, H. Mills, F.R.S. General Notices The Annual General Meeting of the Institute will be held at the Institute on Monday, 2nd March, 1942, at 3 p.m. Election of Officers and Council.-The Balloting List for the election of Officers, Censors and Members of Council was issued at the end of January. Votes should be received at the office of the Institute not later than 3 o’clock on 28th February.In accordance with By-Law 29 (2)the vote of any member who is in arrear with his annual subscription must be disallowed. L 68 I Examinations.--Arrangements have been made to hold examinations for the Fellowship and Associateship in April. It is hoped that examinations will also be held in September. Full information will be given at a later date. ,Active Service.--Fellows, Associates, and Registered Students who are on active service with the Navy, Army and Air Force are requested to notify the Registrar of the Institute, giving such particulars as may be permissible, as to their rank, unit, etc. Notices to Associates.-The Council desires to encourage all Asso-ciates to qualify for the Fellowship. Gopies of the regulations and forms of application can be obtained from the Registrar.Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates who are available for appointments, or are desirous of extending their opportunities, is kept at the offices of the Institute. For full information, inquiries should be addressed to the Registrar. For Library Notices of the Institute, The Chemical Society, The Science Library, Boots' and Lewis's, see JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS,Part 117, August, 1941, pp. 250-251. Covers for Journal.-Members who desire covers (IS. 7d. each) for binding the JOURNAL in annual volumes, are requested to notify the Registrar of their requirements, indicating the years for which the covers are required. Lantern Slides for Lecturers.-Enquiries should be addressed to the Registrar.As the slides are frequently in demand, members are requested to notify their requirements at least 14 days before the date on which the slides are to be used. Changes of Address.-Fellows, Associates and Registered Students who wish to notify changes of address are requested to give, so far as possible, their peiwzanent addresses for registration. All requests for changes in the Register should be addressed to the Registrar, and not to the Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections. 4WAR SAVINGS CAMPAIGN 444 151-becomes 2016 4 How so ? AIS/-National Savings Certificate grows in vahe until at the end of 10years it is worth 20/6.i 4 Do I pay any Income Tax on thi; increase? No. It is entirely free of Income Tax.1 Where do I buy Savings Certi$cates?4 From any Post Office, Bank, or TrusteeSavings Bank;through a Savings Group orfrom shops acting as Honorary Oificial Agents.1 How do I buy Savings Certz.cates?4 You can buy them outright at IS/-each. Youcan also purchase them byinstalments bybuying 6d.or 2/6National Savings Stamps. 4 Is there any limit to the number I may hold?4 No individual may hold more than 500 Certificates. Can I get my money back if I need it ? 4 Yes. You can cash Savings Certificates at any time by giving a few days’ notice. You will 4 get your money back with the increase which your Certificates have earned up to that date. 44 4i NATIONAL 4 1 WNGS444 TIFICATES4a