Pain is one of the most common and costly health problems in America. When pain becomes chronic, it becomes the disease, and the misapplication of therapies intended for acute pain may reinforce and perpetuate illness behaviors. Low back pain comprises greater than 50% of the presenting complaints in a busy, comprehensive pain clinic facility. In addition to standard medical treatment of patients with chronic low back pain, a review of many studies is presented indicating the benefit of early psychological intervention. Those groups utilizing concurrent psychological management experienced greater treatment success. The objectives are to have patients with chronic low back pain become aware of their emotional responses to painful stimuli, assume a more active role in controlling their pain, and become more productive members of society.