This is the first of a number of articles on the use of small-group methods in medical education. The aim of this contribution is to introduce teachers to the underlying issues they must consider before embarking on a particular technique. The advantages of small-group learning are described and practical suggestions for facilitating effective small-group discussion are offered. Teachers are advised that the use of small groups for learning requires meticulous course planning. Specific examples of how small-group teaching methods can be used to advantage in preclinical and clinical courses will be published in future issues.