Essential oils ofArtemisia afraJacq. were produced by hydrodistillation of either fresh or dried whole plants that were raised in Vienna from seed of Ethiopian origin. Oils were produced from plants that were harvested prior to bud formation, during budding and during full flowering. The six major components of the oil, which represented ca. 70% of the total oil composition, were determined by GC/MS. Yomogi alcohol (21.6 - 26.8%) and artemisyl acetate (24.4–32.1%) predominated in each of the oils, the compositions of which appeared to be independent of plant maturity.