Why do some students perform in optometry school at a very different level than one would expect from their preoptometry achievement? Students entering with below average preoptometry grades, and who subsequently performed at high levels in optometry, were found to be distinguished from their peers on certain, measurable personality characteristics, including an unusual ability to interact effectively with others and a strong motivation to achieve. Reluctance to accept responsibility, unconventionality, and below average achievement motivation characterized students who entered with high grades and then performed at a low level in optometry. The findings point to the importance of understanding – and assessing – individuals' motivation and other personal qualities prior to admission.