Three hundred eighty‐three alcoholics, who had at least once been ordered supervision or compulsory treatment at an institution for alcoholics by the Temperance Board, were compared with 383 other alcoholics matched for age and sex. All the alcoholics were first admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Lund, during the years 1949 to 1969 and followed up until January 1, 1981. They were systematically rated concerning symptoms and etiological factors at first admission. According to a stepwise logistic regression analysis, the following initial symptoms were positively associated with later compulsory treatment: slight cerebral dysfunction/personality change, antisociality/criminality, and impaired social and work performance. Social pressure/responsibility/conflict, slight depression, and continuous drinking were positively associated with the controls. There were 168 deaths in the compulsory treatment group and 124 in the control group (p<0.01). The excess deaths in the compulsory treatment group were mainly caused by accidents, poisoning, and violence (21 cases) and sudden cardiac death (10 cases), while there were no differences concerning alcohol‐related neoplasms and liver cirrhosis. The compulsory treatment group had a worse long‐term social adjustment. The findings indicate that compulsory treatment was related to behavioral patterns showing a stability over time, supporting the validity of subclassification of alcoholics using social