AbstractAISI316 stainless steel has been plasma nitrided at 570°C over a range of processing conditions, and the resultant corrosion properties have been investigated by a potentiodynamic polarization technique. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies have been used to map the process parameters under which a duplex surface compound layer ofγ' phase and austenite is formed. This surface compound layer has better corrosion resistance than a plasma nitrided stainless steel surface, where the normal hardened layer consists of austenite' and chromium nitride precipitates. It has been found that the improvement in corrosion resistance is related to the presence of theγ' nitride. Furthermore; low temperature plasma nitriding at 400°C produces a nitrided layer which has a corrosion resistance equivalent to that of the original material.