Autologous hepatocellular transplantation using reflux into the spleen via the venous tributaries was compared in 65% hepatectomized dogs to direct injection into the splenic pulp. Transplantation into the spleen via the inferior terminal polar splenic vein led to a better survival rate (50 vs. 0%). Hepatocytes embolization to the intrahepatic portal vein system was observed. Although hepatocyte transplantation into the spleen can be accomplished either by direct punction of the spleen or by retrograde injection into a splenic vein, the second method decreases the frequency of cell embolization.