Luciano Armanni (1839-1903) worked as an assistant to Schrön in Naples after graduating in medicine. He was later appointed as Professor of Histopathology, and in 1887 became a full professor. During his life he was Dissector of the Anatomic Institute of the Ospedale degli Incurabili and later director of this hospital. He founded many institutions, including the Cotugno Hospital, but died poor and suffering from diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis, contracted during a post-mortem examination. Armanni is given credit for discovering the contagious nature and specificity of the lesions due to caseous material in tuberculosis, and also the renal lesion in diabetes mellitus that now bears his name (Armanni-Ebstein lesion)