EVALUATING THE OPTIONS FOR WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT1
作者:
John Cairns,
期刊:
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
(WILEY Available online 1985)
卷期:
Volume 21,
issue 1
页码: 1-6
ISSN:1093-474X
年代: 1985
DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05344.x
出版商: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
关键词: water quality;hazard evaluation;water management;criteria;monitoring;legislation
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
ABSTRACT:The agricultural revolution occurred because the un‐managed environment was not providing food in either the quantity or quality that society desired. The “environmental revolution” is developing because the unmanaged environment is clearly not capable of assimilating societal wastes without being seriously degraded. Effective environmental management will require regional and site‐specific modification of general principles and practices that can be used at a national or international level. An environmental management system can be operated in the same manner as any industrial quality control system with three basic components: (a) sensors at appropriate locations, (b) rapid generation and feedback of information, and (c) a quality control group capable of taking immediate effective action when system performance is outside predetermined boundary conditions. This discussion focuses primarily on three areas: (a) management options available to regulate intrusion of societal wastes into natural systems, (b) types of methods available for predicting and validating effects on natural systems, and (c) modifications of present legislation that would permit the most flexibility in selecting from the various management options. Also considered are multispecies toxicity tests using species with cosmopolitan distribution in test systems with a high degree of environmental realism. Among the many values of such tests is the ability to exchange information from all parts of the world effectively because the test organisms are not restricted to a particular geographic
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