ABSTRACTS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 59. Session 1888-89. December 6th, 1888. Mi-.W. Crookes, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. Lewis Edmunds, J. B. Readman and J. Cowper were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Charles Lightfoot Barnes, The Steps, Bromsgrove, Worcester ; Albert Cooper, Grimstone Lawn, Haven Green, Ealing ; William Hepworth Dixon, Heatherdale, Woodford Green, Essex ; B. S. Gott, B.A., Wesley College, Sheffield ; Frederick Charles Garrett, B.Sc., 4,Kempson Road, Walham Green, S.W. ; Robert J. Gow, Halebank Terrace, Ditton, Widnes ; Edward Gudeman, Ph.B., P.O. Box 3001, New Pork City ; Allan Twistloton Hall, Inglebank, Newlands, Hull ; John A.Hall, 126, Lloyd Street, Greenhays, Manchester; Cecil Leigh, c/o A. H. Allen, 67, Surrey Street, Sheffield; Arthur Lloyd Maclieroy, M.A., 12, George Street, Bathwick Hill, Bath ; Frank K. Peace, Monton Grange, Eccles, near Manchester ; Charles W. Priestley, B.Sc., Abbey House School, Tewkesbnry ; John Provis, Poldice House, North Adelaide, South Australia ; Edgar Richards, Office of Internal Revenue, Washington, D.C. ; Siegfried Ruhemann, Ph.D., M.A., University, Cambridge ; Walter Venis, Benares, India. The following were elected Fellows of the Society :-Meesrs. Charles M. Adams, John Hope Belcher, B.A., William Berry, William Dunsmore Bohm, Frank Bower, James Edward Brunker, George Alexander Byra ,John Morrow Campbell, Vaughan Cornish, B.Sc., William Douglas, Arthur George Everard, Henry Forth, Frederick Bickell Guthrie, John Xansfield, Urban Arthur Jackson, Alfred Battye Knapps, Oscar Lowman, B.A., Ph.D., William Marshall, George Edward Perry, Hubert N.B. Richardson, John S. Rigby, John Sanderson, Thomas Oliver Sandolt, William Jay Schieffelin, Arthur Landauer Stern, William Taylor, Charles Turner, John Laurence Van-Geyzel, I. T. Ainslie Walker, Edward Dalrymple 110 Walrond, B.A., Frederick W. Warrick, Edward J. Way, Ernest W, Whieldofi, R. W. Woosnam. The following papers were read :-86. ‘(A Method of determining Vapour-density, applicable at all Temperatures and Pressures.” By William Bott, Ph.D., Berkeley Fellow of Owens College. The apparatus consists of a large Victor Meyer’s bulb, carrying a detachable head-piece, which can be connected with the air-pump.The neck of the bulb communicates with a mercury pressure-gauge, which again is connected with a wide measuring tube attached to an adjustable mercury reservoir. The experiment is conducted as fol-lows. The substance having been placed in the head-piece of the vessel, the latter is heated until the volume has become constant. The apparatus is then exhausted as far as may be requisite, and the reservoir so adjusted that the graduated measuring tube is filled with mercury. The pressure indicated by the gauge having been carefully noted, the substance is allowed to drop into the hot part of the vessel, and the surplus pressure produced by its evaporation is removed by drawing off an equivalent volume of air into the measuring tube until the initial pressure in the gauge has been restored.From the volume oE ga,s measured in the graduated tube, the density referred to hydro- gen is obtained by the formula- S(l + 0.00367t)d = 8484893 VP S = weight of substance; V =volume of gas in measuring tube; P =pressure of gas in measuring tube ; t = temperature of gas. DISCUSSION. Prof. RAMSAY,remarking on a statement made by the author that he proposed to make use of the apparatus in studying the influence of pressure on dissociation, said that recent investigations had shown that the Victor Meyer form of apparatus was by no means a suitable one for the study of such problems; and he expressed the opinion that for this reason results, such as those recently published by Nilson and Pettersson could not be accepted as final.87. “Some derivatives and new colouring matters of a-Pyro-cresole.” By William Bott, Ph.D., and J. Bruce Miller. Tr.ichZor-a-pyrocresoZe, Cl5HllCl30,produced by direct chlorination of pyrocresole, forms fine, silky needles, soluble in boiling benzene 111 and chloroform, insoluble in alcohol and ether; it melts at about 225O. Di?zitro-a-~yrocresoZeozide, C15HlO(NOz)z02,is obtained from a-pyro- cresole oxide by careful nitration in the cold and subsequent treatment with alcohol. It forms yellowish-white crystals, sparingly soluble in acetic acid and freely in hot nitrobenzene ; it melts at 235".Tet~amido-a-pyrocresozeoxide, CI5H8(NH2),02,is obtained by reduc- tion in acid solutions from the corresponding tetranitro-derivative ; it is a greenish-yellow powder, soluble in acids, and melts above 300". Diami~o-or-pyl.ocresoZe oxide, C15Hlo(NHz) prepared from dinitro-202, oc-pyrocresole oxide, resembles the tetranitro-derivative in its proper- ties. Both amido-compounds can be diazotised, and the diazo-salts inter- act with phenols in alkaline solution. Two oxyazo-compounds have thus been obtained from P-naphthol, representing the first colouring matters prepared from pyrocresole. Both interact with concentrated sulphuric acid in a characteristic manner, their behaviour resembl- ing that of safranine.The colouring matters in the pure state are dark red powders, insoluble in water; they can be converted into soluble sulphonic acids by treatment with fuming sulphuric acid; the solutions dye silk and wool a fine maroon and salmon colour respec- tively. By the action of ammonium sulphide on tetranitro-a-pyrocresole oxide in alcoholic solution, a red and a yellow substance have been obtained, which are evidently azo-derivatives, but have not yet been examined more closely. The yellow substance is somewhat soluble in hot water, the solutions dyeing silk a he yellow shade. 88. ''Berberine." By W. H. Perkin, jun. Several analyses of the base and also of its chlorhydride showed that these substances were not adapted to the purpose on account of their containing water of crystallisation which can only partially be removed by dehydration : a fact which has been previously noticed by other chemists.Berberine appears to crystallise with 5 to 54 mol. props. of water, 2 of which remain when the substance is dried ai; 100"till constant. Berberine chlorhydride, dried over snlphuric acid in a vacuum at a temperature of about 40°, has the formula C20H17N04HC1+ 2Hz0. The chloroylatinate, iodhydride and nitrate, however, are well adapted for analytical examination, and the results which they afford agree closely with those required on the assumption that berberine is C20H17N04. When oxidised with an excess of potassium permanganate in slightly alkaline solution, berberine yields, as principal product, 112 hemipinic acid, CloHloOs, as Schmidt and Schilbach (Arch.Pharm. [3], 16k-170) have already shown. In view of the interesting results latsly obtained by Goldschmiedt in his examination of hemi- pinic and rnethemipinic acids, the author has carefully re-examined the hemipinic acid from berberine, acd is convinced that it, is identical with that obtained by the oxidation of narcotine. The acid from berberine contains two (OCH,) groups; on fusion with potash it yields protocatechuic acid, and on distilling it with ethylamine, hemipinethylimide, melting at 96", is formed. This latter substance possesses all the properties of the hemipinethylimide obtained by Liebermann by the action of ethyl iodide on the potassium salt of hemipinimide (from narcotine), and thus the identity of the two hemipinic acids from berberine and narcotine is proved.Besides hemipinic acid, small quantities of at least two other acids are formed by the oxidation of berberine; one of thesa melts at 238--242", and appears to be identical with berberonic acid (or carbo-cinchomeronic acid ?) . If berberine is carefully oxidised with a limited quantity of per-manganate, a number of new substances are formed, three of which have already been obtained in a state of purity: a new acid, C20H17N09,which melts at 143", and two neutral substances, C2,H17N0,and C2,H16N07, all of which yield protocatechuic acid (berberinic acid ?) on fusion with potash. The compound C2,H,7N0, melts at 236"; it is insoluble in cold solutions of alkaline carbonates, but dissolves in potash, ammonia, &c., forming well-defined salts.The silver salt appears to have the formula C20H,,N0,Ag, + 4Hz0. The compound CzoH,,N07(?) melts at 150", and is insoluble in alkalis. When heated with a fuming aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide, berberine yields methyl iodide and a phenolic substance which from the analysis of its sulphate appears to have the formula C,,H,,N04, being derived from berberine by the displacement of two methyl- groups. Several determinations of the number of (OCH,) groups by Zeisel's method have shown that there are two such groups present in the berberine molecule. The author has also examined berberinic acid-one of the acids obtained by Hlasiwet'z and Gilm (Jahresberickt, 1864, 407), by fusing berberine with potash.This acid is decomposed on distillation into carbon dioxide and homopyrocatechol-a decomposition which proves that the acid must be looked upon as a carboxylic acid of this phenol. The behaviour of berberine towards methyl and ethyl iodides, benzylchloride, &c., has also been studied ; it appears in opposition to the results of Henry (Arznalen, 115,133), that the alkalold does not form additive compounds with these substances. 113 $39. ‘& The action of Ammonia on some Tungsten compounds.’’ By Dr. S. Rideal, D.Se. Wohler in 1855 found that a compound containing nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen was obtained by the action of ammonia on heated tungstic oxide, and also a compound containing nitrogen and hydrogen from ammonia and tungsten chloride ; analyses of different specimens, however, gave varying results.According to the author’s experiments, ammonia effects the removal of a part only of the oxygen in tungstic oxide, and the black products vary greatly in composition, the average of many analyses agreeing best with the formula W,N,H,O,. When tungstic oxide is heated with ammonium chloride, a similar black product is obtained. The amount of tungsten in different specimens varies between 83.9 and 81.0 per cent., the amount of nitrogen being less than in the com- pounds formed by means of ammonia ; the mean composition of the products in this case may be represented by the formula WN,*WO,.Ammonia acts on the yellow tungsten oxydichloride in the cold, forming ammonium chloride and a dark-brown product which con- tains no nitrogen and appears to consist of the dioxide WO,; this interaction is similar to that of ammonia and chromyl dichloride. Ammonia also acts on the red tungsten oxytetracliloride, forming a black compound; this contained 88.9 per cent. of tungsten, but the amount of material was insuflicient for a determination of the nitrogen. It seems probable that the product is the same as that found when ammonia acts on the hexachloride ; ie., the nitride W,N,. The action of ammonia on tuugst’en hexactchloride was studied by Wohler, who was of opinion that two compounds were formed: viz., 2WN, + W(NH,), and 2WN + W(NH,),. This conclusion was based on determinations of tungsten and nitrogen in the samples pre- pared, but hydrogen was not estimated.The author has re-examined the black powder formed in the interaction in question, and has obtained numbers agreeing with those of Wohler for the tungsten and nitrogen percentages, but he considers that the final product is free from hydrogen and that it is the nitride W,N,. Dry ammonia has no action on finely divided tungsten even at R red hea,t, and seems also to be without action on the bluesoxide. DISCUSSIOX. The PRESIDENTdrew attention to the anomaly involved in the use of the name Tungsten and the symbol W. 114 90. " Condensations of a-Diketones with Ethylic Acetoacetate." By Francis R.Japp, F.R.S., and Felix Klingemann, Ph.D. In a paper entitled "Condensations of Glyoxal with Ethylic Malonate and Ethylic Acetoacetate," by Max Polonowsky (Annalen, 246, l),it is stated, as a reason for undertaking the investigation, that only the condensations of these ethereal salts with monaldehydes and monoketones have hitherto been studied. Polonowsky has evidently overlooked the fact that the condensation of a diketone-phenanthra- quinone-with ethylic acetoacetate has been described by Japp and Streatfeild (Trans., 1883, 27). The authors, therefore, wish to point out that they are engaged in investigating the condensation-product, C20H160a-ethylic phenanthroxylene-acetoacetate-obtained by Japp and Streatfeild. The following interactions have been studied :-By heating with formic acid (sp.gr. 1-22>at 130" the condensation compound is transformed into an isomeride crystallising in short needles melting at 177". (Melting point of the original condensation- product ISSO.) A study of the new compound leads the authors to represent the isomeric change thus :-CsH**C==C-COZC&f, -I C6Hd.C Z=C-C@,C,H, II 'GO -1 'co CJ&* CO CH3 c,H~-c(oH)*cH,/ The iso-compound would thus contain a closed chain of 5 carbon-atoms. It yields a hydrazone, C20H1603(N2HC,H,),melting with decomposition at 210-212" ; whereas phenylhydrazine and the con- densation-product do not interact under ordinary conditions. The iso-compound is converted by ace tic anhydride into an acetyl-deriva- tivc, C2,,HI5(C2H,0)0,, which crystallises from benzene in thick needles melting at 165-170'.The iso-compound is converted by hydrolysis with aqueous caustic soda into the corresponding monobasic acid, C1,H1,04; this crystallises from alcohol in satiny needles which melt at 267-269" with decomposition. The condensation compouud cannot be hydrolysed under these conditions (vide infra). With bromine the iso-compound gives a monobromo-derivative, CzoH15BrOd, which melts at 217" with decomposition, instead of the expected additive dibromide. By heating with glacial ucetic acid at 130-140", the condensation- product yields a mixture of three compounds : (1.) A compound of the formula C20H1403,which crys tallises in white silky needles, insoluble in boiling acetic acid, and which decomposes without pre- vious fusion at aboutl 285" ; this is formed with elimination of 1mol.of water. (2.) The acetyl-derivative, CBOHI5(C2H30)04(m. p. 165-170°), already mentioned as obtained from the iso-compound. This acetyl-derivative gives with phenylhydrasine the same hydrazone, and 115 with caustic soda the same monobasic acid as the iso-compound, the acetyl-group being in both cases eliminated. (3.) A compound of the formula C40H,,(C2H30)z07,which crystallises from acetic acid in rectangular plates melting at 227"; this is formed only in small quantity-apparently by elimination of 1 mol. of water from 2 mols. of the acetyl-derivative. Propionic acid converts the condensation-product into the before- mentioned compound, C20H1403,together with a propionyl-derivative, CzoH,,(C3H50)0,,melting at 134".By boiling the condensation-product with sulphuric acid diluted with twice its weight of water, it is converted quantitatively into the iso-cornpound Cz0H,,O,, already described as obtained with formic acid (vide supra). By boiling the condensation-product with alcohol, to which a few drops of sulphuric acid have been added, it is converted into the compound C20H15(CzH5)04,which crystallises from alcohol in rect-angular or prismatic crystals melting at 143-1441''. But if the con-densation-product is heated with a mixture of equal weights of alcohol and sulphuric acid at loo", it gives a compound, C17H1202, which crystallises from phenol in microscopic six-sided plates, melting with decomposition at 276-277" ; C20H1604+ HzO = C17H1202t C2H,*OH+ coz.By warming it with an alcoholic solution of hydrogen chloride, the condensation-product is converted into the compound C2,,H15C103, which crystallises from a mixture of benzene and light petroleum in lustrous flat needles melting at 140". The condensation-product is hydrolysed by alcoholic potash in the cold ; heating must be avoided. The resulting acid is unstable, and has not been obtained in a crystallised condition ; when freshly pre- cipitated it dissolves in alkaline carbonate, but loses this property on standing. It dissolves in coId alcohol; on heating, the solution deposits the compound C17H1202,which crystallises from phenol in star-shaped groups of needles, melting with decomposition at 259"; this is isomeric with the compound already described as obtained by heating the condensation-product with a mixture of equal weights of sulphuric acid and alcohol.The authors have also obtained a condensation compound from benzil and ethylic acetoacetate. It appears to belong to a different class from the phenanthraquinone compound. T bey also intend to study the condensation of ethylic benzoylacetate with benzil and phenanthraquinone. 91. " Thionyl Thiocyanate." By G. C. McMurtry. Thionyl thiocyanate, SO(SCN),, is prepared by the action of 116 ttiionyl chloride, disqolved in cold carbon bisulphide, on mercuric thiocyanate.It is an orange-coloured amorphous powder, insoluble in cold water, alcohol, ether, petroleum, phenol, chloroform, amyl alcohol and acetic acid, but readily soluble in carbon bisulphide, and to a less extent in hot benzene. 92. "Mercuric chlorothiocyanate." By G. C. M cllurtry. Mercuric chlorothiocyanate, ClHgSCN, or HgCl,*Hg( CSN),, may be obtained by crystallising mercuric t hiocyanate with mercuric chloride. It crystallises in monosymmetric prisms, sparingly soluble in cold water, but readily soluble in hot water and in alcohol. 93. " The Action of Chromium Oxychloride on Pinene." By G. G. Henderson, B.Sc., M.A., md R. W. Smith. The authors find that pinene and chromium oxychloride interact very readily, forming a solid compound of the formula C,,H~~*2Cr0,C12.This is decomposed by water, yielding an oil which may be purified by distillation with steam, and which has a composition expressed by the formula C2,H3,0C1. It is possible that this oil may be a mixture of the two compounds CloH,,O and CIOHl5Cl, but the authors were unable to separate it into two portions by steam-distillation ; it is not attacked by alcoholic potash, does not combine with bisulphites, is unaffected by acetic chloride, and does not interact with either hydr- oxylamine or pheny lhydrazine. When distilled under diminished pressure it loses the elements of a molecule of water, yielding an oil of the composition corresponding to the formula C,,H,,CI. 94. "Tectoquinone." By R. Romanis, D.Sc., Rangoon College.In a former communication (Trans., 1887) the author described a substance found in teak resin (Tectonia grandis), and also in the pro- ducts of the destructive distillation of the wood, having the com-position C1,Hls02,and the properties of a quinone. It may be separated from the tar by caustic soda, which dissolves the tar, leaving a curdy mass containing the quinone, mixed with a hydrocarbon of the com- position C,H,, melting at 194', and other substances. The quinone is separated by dissolution in boiling alcohol of 50 per cent., in which the other substances are insoluble ; it separates as the liquid cools in a felted mass of soft woolly crystals ; from strmg alcohol it is depo- sited in oblique rhombic prisms of an amber colour, resembling sulphur.It melts at 171", sublimes slowly at ordinary temperatures, sensibly at 100" C., and rapidly near its melting point. By careful heating between watch-glasses it can be sublimed without decomposition, 117 condensing in yellow rhombic plates. It is a very stable substance, dissolving in sulphuric and nitric acids, and being precipitated unchanged on dilution ;apparently it is not acted on by fused potash, On heating it with absolute alcohol and potash, a deep crimson solu- tion is formed, which deposit,s bronze-coloured crystals on cooling ;on exposure to moist air, or on niixing with water, the crimson solutioii turns green and yellow, and the quinone is reprecipitated. The quinone is reduced if heated with zinc and acetic or chlorhydric acid in a sealed tube at 150"C.The product is a resin, soluble in alcohol and ether, the dilute ethereal solution showing a splendid blue fluo-rescence. A 'similar resinous product is formed by the action of iodine, phosphorus and water, but in this case the principal products are volatile. These resinous products contain from 4.7 to 5 per cent. of oxygen, showing that 40 per cent. of the quinone is unreduced, and in fact it gradually separates from the resin in rhombic crystals. Analysis shows the composition of the reduction product to be C,,HZ2 (m. p. 72"?). If the quinone be heated with soda-limeand zinc, it yields a hydro-carbon melting at 194", which crystallises from alcohol in four-rayed stars composed of twinned rhombic plates.Dibromotectoquinone is obtained by the action of bromine at 100-140". It crystallises in orange-yellow, slender needles, which are generally arranged in spherical clusters, soluble in ether and alcohol. On fusion it melts at 165"; with potash it gives a blue or purple melt : this dissolves in water, forming a purple solution, from which acids throw down a yellow flocculent precipitate, no doubt a dihydroxy-quinone. Dinitrotectoquinone is a yellow powder obtained by the action of nitrosulphuric acid on the quinone. It is converted by sodium-amalgam, or zinc and caustic soda, into a crimson substance. If the quinone be heated for two hours with nitrosulphuric acid, and the solution be then diluted, a purple precipitate is produced, which dissolves in alkalis, forming a purple solution.Tectoquinone may possibly be retenequinone, which has not yet been discovered. Retene melts at 99" C. ;the product of the reductioii of tectoquinone softens at 70-'72", but it is evidently a mixture. 95. " The decomposition of Nitroethane by Alkalis." By Wyndham R. Dunstan and T. S. Dymond. The authors have been engaged during the present year in studying the action of alkalis and of certain reducing agents on nitroethane. They observed in October, 1887, that nitroethane is gradually decom- posed at ordinary temperature by contact with potamium carbonate 118 or its aqueous solution; at 80-90" the action is completed in a few hours. The chief products of the change are potassium nitrite and an oily liquid having the formula C,H,NO, which boils at about 170°, decomposing at a somewhat higher temperature, with the formation of what appears to be a pyridine derivative.The compound is not attacked when heated for 48 hours in a closed tube with concentrated chlorhydric acid, neither is it appreciably affected by reducing agents, It is readily oxidised by permanganate. It does not seem to be either a nitroso-or isonitroso-derivative. This compound is apparently identical with that described by Gotting (Annaten, 243, l04), who obtained it in Geuther's laboratory by heating together propyl iodide, sodium nitroethane arid sodium ethoxide. Its ready formation, together with potassium nitrate, from nitrocthane by contact with potassium carbonate, is likely to have an important bearing on the question as to the constitution of the paraffinoid nitro-compounds, and the authors therefore intend to continue the investigation.They are induced to publish the present preliminary notice by the appear- ance, in a recent number of the Berichte (November, 1888, p. 710), of an abstract of a paper by Sokolow in the Russian Chemicat Journal. It is there shown that by heating nitroethane to 100-130" in closed tubes with sodium hydroxide or carbonate, the compound C,H,NO, described by Gotting, is produced, and that if an alkyl iodide is present it takes no part in the change. Neither sodium hydroxide nor sodium carbonate attacks nitroethane at ordinary temperatures.ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. A Correlation Theory of Chemical Action and Affinity, by T. W. Hall. London. 1888. From the Publishers, Messrs. Remington and Go. A Text-Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, by Chapman Jones, Third edition. London. 1888. From the Publisher, Mr. J. Hughes. Report (Chemical and Bacteriological) on the Atmosphere of Twenty-six Buildings in Newcast'le-on-Tyne, by P. P. Bedson, T. W. Lovibond, and W. D. Severn. Newcas tle-on-Tyne. 1888. (Pamphlet.) From the Authors. Pharmaceutical Journal. Series I. Vols. 1-13. Series 11. Vols. 7-11. (For the Circulating Library.) From W. F. Lowe, Esq. 119 11. By Purchase. Grundriss der Elektrometallurgie, bearbeitet von C. A.M. Balling. Stuttgardt. 1888. Ammoniak and Ammoniak-Preparate, von R. Arnold. Berlin, 1889. Einleitung in die chemische Krystallographie, von A. Fock. Leipzig. 1888. Grundlinien zu einer Physiologie des Gerbstoffes, von G. Kraus. Leipzig. 1888. Chemie der organischen Farbstloffe, von R. Nietzki. Berlin. 1888. Grundriss der Arzneimittellehre, von 0. Schmiedeberg. Zweite Auflage. Leipzig. 1888. Praktische Uebungen in der Maasanalyse, von C. Winkler. Freiberg. 1888. Tabellen zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Zuckerarten, von E. E. Wein. Stuttgart. 1888. Chemische Abhandlungen, 1838-1888, von (1. I?. Rnmmelsberg. Berlin. 1888. Die Theerfarben mit besonderer Rucksicht auf Schadlichkeit und Gesetzgebung, hygienisch- und forensisch- chemisch untersucht, von T.Weyl. Erste Lieferung. Berlin. 1888. Ueber Branntwein, seine Darstellung und Beschaff enheit in Hinblick auf seinen Gehalt an Verunreinigungen, von E. Sell. Berlin. 1888. Renati Descartes Principia Philosophiae. 4to. Amstelodami 1664. Remarks on the New Philosophy of Descartes, by E. Howard. 4to. London 1701. History of Philosophy, by T. Stanley. Third edition. Folio, 1750. M. Martini Lipenii Bibliotheca Realis Philosophica. Folio. Francofurti ad Moenum 1682. Hermetis Aegyptorum et Chemicorum Sapientia ab Hermanni. Conringii animadversionibus vindicata per Olaum Borric hinm, 4th Hafniae 1674. Joh. Joachimi Beccheri Physica Subterranea. 4to. Lipsiae 1738. A Collection of Lec tures-Physical, Mechanical, Geographical, and Astronomical, by R.Hooke. &to. London 1679. Conspectus Chimiae, auctore D. Joanne Junckero 1744. MBmoire sur la liqu6faction de l’oxygene et de l’hydroghe, par R. Pictet. Genhe 1878. L’alchimie et les alchimistes, par L. Figuier. Paris 1860. La chimie enseignee par la biographie de ses fondateurs, par F. Hoefer. Paris 1865. 120 Chemistry, by A. Crum Brown, London 1875. Praktische Spectralanalyse irdischer Stoffe, von H. W, Vogel. Zweite Auflage. Erster Theil, Qualitative Speciralanalyse. Berlin 1888. Geschichte der Chemie von den altesten Zeitenbiszur Gegenwart, zugleich Einfnhrung in das Studium der Chemie, von E. v, Meyer. Leipzig 1888. Vierzehnter bis Siebzehnter Jahresbericht der k. chemischen Cen- tralstelle fur off entliche Gesundheitspflege in Dresden. Herausge-geben von H. Fleck. Dresden 1888. Arbeiten des pharmakologischen Institutes zu Dorpaf. Herausge- geben von R. Robert. Heft 11. Stuttgart 1888. ~XARBISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY, ST. NABTIX’S LANE.