THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND FOUNDED 1877. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1885. Patron -H.M. THE KING. JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. PART VI: 1940. Issued under the supervision of the Publications Committee. RICHARD B. PILCHER, Registrar and Secretary. 30, RUSSELLSQUARE, W.C.1.LONDON, December, 1940. Publications Committee, 1940-41. A. L. BACHARACH (Chairman), J. J. FOX (President), W. M. AMES, M. BOGOD, R. R. BUTLER, A. COULTHARD, F. P. DUNN, A. E.DUNSTAN, L. EYNON, W. GODDEN, E. GREGORY, A. A. HALL, J. W. HAWLEY, T. P. HILDITCH, H. H. HODGSON, W. HONNEYMAN, R. H. HOPKINS, H. HUNTER, G. KING, P. LEWIS-DALE, G. W. MONIER-WILLIAMS, A. C.MONKHOUSE, H. W.MOSS, J. R.NICHOLLS, T. J. NOLAN, D. W. PARKES, SIR ROBERT PICKARD, F.M. ROWE, S. B. WATKINS. 363 Editorial. Co-operation.-The new Scheme of Co-operation between the three Chartered Chemical Bodies,-the Chemical Society, the Institute and the Society of Chemical Industry-comes into force on 1st January, 1941,and communications are being addressed to their members to inform them of the arrangements made for the payment of Annual Subscriptions. Fellows of the Institute (except Life Fellows) who participate in the Scheme will pay to the Institute E5 5s. and Associates E5, respectively, as a joint subscription to the three Bodies. If they are not already members of either of the Societies, they must complete applications for membership, on forms to be obtained from the Registrar of the Institute.All those participating will be entitled in 1941to receive publications of the Societies not exceeding 70 units in the scheduled values notified below, in addition to the publications of the Institute. They will also be entitled to obtain further publications at the scheduled prices which are much less than the prices charged to members or other persons who do not participate in the Scheme. The annual subscriptions of Fellows and Associates to the Institute will be credited to the Institute, and all payments for publications will be transmitted to the Chemical Council for allot- ment to the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry, having due regard to the proportions of their publica- tions which are selected by the participating members.The Chemical Council will supplement the financial requirements of the publishing Societies during the initiation of the Scheme. A Life Fellow of the Institute who participates in the Scheme will be allowed abatement to the amount of 42 units. If he is not also a Life Fellow of the Chemical Society or of the Society of Chemical Industry, he will be entitled for a subscription of 63 units to acquire membership of the other two Societies, to receive publications to the extent of 70 units and to purchase such other publications as he may require at the scheduled prices. If he is a Life Fellow of the Institute and of the Chemical Society but not of the Society of Chemical Industry, he will be entitled on paying the subscription of 3 units to acquire membership of the Society of Chemical Industry, to receive publications to which 364 he is entitled as a Life Fellow of the Chemical Society and to purchase other publications at scheduled prices.If he is a Life Fellow of the Institute and a Life Member of the Society of Chemical Industry but not of the Chemical Society, he will be entitled for a subscription of 13 units to acquire Fellowship of the Chemical Society, to receive publications to which he is entitled as a Life Member of the Society of Chemical Industry and to purchase other publications at scheduled prices. If he is a Life Member of all three Societies, he will be entitled to all the privileges to which he has hitherto been entitled and to purchase additional publications at the scheduled prices.The Scheme is entirely voluntary. Fellows and Associates who do not desire to participate in the Scheme are asked to pay their Annual Subscriptions, due on 1st January, direct to the Institute, by filling up the forms supplied, without any reference to the schedule of publications. OF PRICES FORSCHEDULE OF PUBLICATIONSFELLOWS AND ASSOCIATESOF THE INSTITUTEWHO AGREE TO PARTICIPATE IN THE SCHEME Publication Units Schedule E s. d. Journal of the Chemical Society .. 26.0 160 Trans. of SOC. Chem. Ind. (J.S.C.1.) 15.0 15 0 "Chemistry and Industry " .. 222'5 I26 Abstracts : A I (General Physical and Inorganic) 19.5 19 6 A I1 (Organic) .... 19'5 I9 6 A I11 (Physiological and Bio-chemical, including . Anatomy) 21.5 116 A Index.. .. .. .. 3'0 30 B I (General and Inorganic) 9'5 96 B I1 (Organic) .. .. 9'5 96 B I11 (Agriculture, Foods, Sanitation, etc.) 9'5 96 B Index .. ,. .. .. 2.5 26 Annual Reports of the Chemical Society (Pure) 5'5 56 Annual Reports of the Society of Chemical Industry (Applied) 10.5 10 6 Chemical Society Lecture Reprints 5'5 56 365 Forms of application for election to the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry are obtainable from the Registrar of the Institute, and the Societies will be notified of the members’ requirements. All cheques, Post Office Orders, etc., should be made payable to “The Institute of Chemistry’’ and crossed ‘I Westminster Bank, Ltd.” 366 Proceedings of the Council. Council Meeting, 15th November, 1940.-With regard to the question raised by the Association of Public Analysts for Scotland, as to whether analysts and consultants would be required to pay Purchase Tax on chemicals and apparatus, it was reported that a letter had been addressed to H.M.Com-missioners of Customs and Excise, and a reply had been received directing attention to Notice 78 embodying a list of goods which are exempt from Purchase Tax, provided that they are not put up vctith any implication as to medicinal (or toilet) use, e.g. with a statement of their therapeutic uses or dosages. The mere chemical name of the substance (or its synonym) on a label would not render the article liable to tax.Scientific apparatus of a kind unsuitable for domestic use is not liable to tax. Referring to enquiries regarding the terms under which public analysts are appointed in Northern Ireland, the Minister of Home Affairs informed the Institute that there was no Act in force there containing provisions similar to the Food and Drugs (Adulteration) Act, 1938. The remuneration of a public analyst in Northern Ireland was a question to be settled by mutual agreement between the local authority and the analyst. The thanks of the Council were accorded to Mr. S. A. Brazier on receiving a report that the British Standards Institution had issued a Specification for Testing Latex, Raw Rubber and Unvulcanised Compounded Rubber,-thus completing the work of the Committee on which Mr.Brazier had represented the Institute. Correspondence was submitted from a Fellow of the Institute regarding the possibility that the Government might make more use than had been made of the services of laboratories of private consultants and analysts. The Council decided to address the Ministry of Supply on the question, although it was understood that the demand for national service was mainly for chemists who had experience in industry and were willing to take appoint- ments in factories, and for junior laboratory assistants who were required for work which did not call for the services of 367 qualified chemists and for the most part had to be done at the factory.Further complaints were received regarding the action of directors of Emergency Public Health Laboratories, in seeking analytical work and interfering with the practices of consulting chemists] pathologists and bacteriologists. The Council decided to make further representations to the Ministry of Health. A letter was received from the Cardiff and District Section supporting the proposal that the number of District Members of Council should be increased] so that one might be elected to represent each Section in the British Isles and one to represent overseas members. The Section also deplored the expenditure on the Register in the form in which it had been published this year, to which reference was made in JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, Part V (pages 300-301).It was reported that the Section had decided to make a drive to obtain annual contributions for the Benevolent Fund. The Council recorded with regret the deaths of two former Members of Council,-Messrs. Arthur G. Bloxam and J. R. Johnson, and also of Mr. E. L. Rhead, the father of Mr. T. F. E. Rhead, Member of Council. Communications were submitted from Gas Identification Officers on various matters which had been the subject of corre- spondence between the Institute and the Home Office authorities. Reports were received from the Standing Committees. The Finance and House Committee had discussed the form of sub-scription notice to be issued to the Fellows and Associates in respect of the year 1941, in view of the introduction of the Scheme of Co-operation with the other Chartered Societies] and had suggested that the Secretaries should meet and formulate notices giving concise instructions to the members, including life members and those whose subscriptions were paid by “permanent cheques.” The Council proceeded to consider the question whether Council and General Meetings should be held at some more central place, such as Leeds, Manchester or York, and after discussion, came to the conclusion that London was the most accessible place for meeting during the war, but that the question might be considered in time of peace.368 Local Sections. Belfast and District.-A meeting of the Section was held in the Royal Academical Institution on 6th November, when Dr.M. H. Hall read a paper on “Tobacco and its Manufacture.” Before the meeting several members voiced their regret at the death of Mr. J. C. A. Brierley and their appreciation of his work for the Institute. Birmingham and Midlands.-The Section has suffered a severe blow by the death of its Chairman, Mr. J. R. Johnson, who succumbed to a seizure on 3rd November. Mr. Johnson was elected Chairman following three years of service as a District Member of Council, and had almost completed three years in office. He was also Chairman of the Midland Chemists’ Committee, and stood high in the regard of his colleagues for his courtesy and devoted service. On 23rd October, Mr. A. L. Bacharach lectured before a joint meeting of the Institute and the Local Section and the Food Group of the Society of Chemical Industry, on the subject of “Links in Nutrition.” (See p.376.)In proposing a vote of thanks to the lecturer, Professor R. H. Hopkins drew attention to the skill with which Mr. Bacharach had drawn the picture of the present field of research. Professor Hopkins also commented on the strong local interest in the study of biochemistry. The Section Committee has now completed its task of revising the Local Rules, which will be submitted for the approval of members at the Annual Meeting. A draft will be sent to each member with the notice convening the meeting, so that members may peruse it at leisure. Cape.-Three meetings of the Section were held before the Honorary Secretary had received information regarding the new arrangement for reporting meetings of Local Sections.The fifteenth Annual General Meeting of the Section was held in the Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, on 3rd May. 369 The Secretary reported that since the previous Annual General Meeting the Section had visited the railway workshops, the cellars of Messrs. E. K. Green & Co., and the Cape Explosives Works at Somerset West. The ordinary activities of the Section had, however, suffered some curtailment owing to the outbreak of war. During the previous year the Section had taken steps to compile a Register of Chemists in the Cape Province, to be of assistance to the South African Government if the development of technical services in connection with the country’s war effort should become necessary.The following Officers and Committee were elected:-Chairman, Prof. W. Pugh; Hon. Secretary, Dr. A. H. Spong; Hon. Treasurer, Mr. R. J. Kruger ; Committee Members, Messrs. A. Abbott and W. H. Seath; Hon. Auditors, Dr. I. Donen and Mr. H. Green. Professor Pugh delivered an address on ‘‘Recent Work on the Discovery of Rare Elements,” in which he surveyed the history of such discoveries and the claims made since the discovery of hafnium,-in particular, the recent indications that the presence of masurium might invalidate many of the measure- ments made on supposedly pure rhenium compounds. A meeting of the Section was held in the Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, on a3rd May, when Dr. A.H. Spong addressed the meeting on “Some Aspects of the Modern Theory of Valency.” Dr. Spong indicated defects in the classical theory of atomic structure, and described the interpretation of the results of wave mechanics. He explained the significance of the electron cloud concept, illustrating by diagrams some simple cloud patterns of a single electron and the building up from these of a composite pattern for a complex atom. It could then be observed that the most stable structures were, as a rule, the most symmetrical, and compound formation could therefore be associated with an increase in the symmetry of the electron clouds, bearing in mind also that in the case of ionic crystals the symmetry of the crystal lattice as a whole might be an additional contributing factor to the stability of the compound.The formation of covalent links might be ascribed to the building up of a symmetrical molecular electron cloud, but it was to be noted that, although the cloud as a whole is sym- 370 metrical, it is yet possible for accumulation of electrons in one part of the cloud to impart a degree of polarity to the link which may be represented by use of the concept of resonance. A meeting of the Section was held in the Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, on 19th July, when the Chairman reported that the Register of Chemists compiled by the Section had been communicated to the Director-General of War Supplies.Developments in the country’s war industries were not then of such a nature as to call for a large increase in the number of chemists employed. At the same time the Section was co-operating with the South African Chemical Institute to extend the Register to the other provinces of the Union of South Africa, and to give it a more truly national character. Dr. F. Sebba addressed the meeting on “Unimolecular Films on Water,” describing, after a general introduction, some experiments on the effects of such films on the rate of evaporation of the water. A compressed film of docosanol had been found to cause a marked reduction in the specific evaporation rate, but appeared to age rapidly, so that the evaporation rate soon returned to its initial value.It therefore appeared that no permanent reduction in the rate of evaporation could be hoped for without the use of thicker films. A meeting of the Section was held in the Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, on 20th September. A letter from the South African Chemical Institute was read, in which the Council of that Institute expressed. their thanks for the co-operation of the Section. The South African Institute had sent to the Section a copy of the register compiled from its own members and an explanation of its working. The Chairman (Professor Pugh) was authorised to act on behalf of the Section in any further discussions with the representative of the South African Chemical Institute.Dr. G. C. Linder (Biochemist to the Groote Schuur Hospital) addressed the meeting on “Calcium in the Blood and its Relation to Calcium in the Bones.” Dr. Linder has been asked to provide a summary of his lecture in terms of the new instructions to the Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections. Cardiff and District.-A Business Meeting of the Section was held on 2nd November, at University College, Cathays Park, Cardiff,-Dr. N. M. Cullinane in the Chair. 37 1 After reviewing the Chemical Council Scheme of Co-operation, the meeting discussed the motion already forwarded to the Council by the South Wales Section, viz., “that consideration should be given to a proposal that the number of District Mem- bers of Council be increased to 19, so that one might be elected to each Section in the British Isles and one to represent the Overseas members.” A! Ler discussion it was decided unani- mously to support the South Wales motion, and that the Council be informed of the resolution.The District Council member and the Honorary Secretary then spoke on the subject of the Benevolent Fund, and the meet- ing decided in favour of a local effort to assist this worthy cause. The subject of a programme of lectures for 1940-41 was given fresh consideration. It was agreed that one lecture should take place in December, and that three lectures should be arranged for dates between January and April, 1941. Arrangements in respect of all four lectures have since been completed.Dublin.-The Annual General Meeting of the Section was held on 20th November in University College, Dublin,-Mr. John Andrews in the Chair. The Hon. Treasurer’s Report was adopted. Outgoing members of committee were re-elected, and Dr. A. E. Werner kindly agreed to act as Hon. Treasurer in place of Dr. Bell, absent through illness. On the motion of Mr. Andrews the Hon. Secretary was asked to convey to Dr. Bell the members’ warmest appreciation of his services as Hon. Treasurer in the past and their earnest wishes for his speedy recovery. The Chairman also expressed to the Hon. Secretary the members’ thanks for his continued work on behalf of the Section. The meeting approved of a suggestion that representation be made to the proper authorities with a view to obtaining exemption from service on juries by members of the profession of chemistry.East Midlands.-At a joint meeting of the Section with the Nottingham Section of the Society of Chemical Industry, held at the Welbeck Hotel, Nottingham, on 14th November,-Mr. G. F. Hall in the Chair,-Professor N. V. Sidgwick, F.R.S., gave a lecture on ‘‘Stereochemistry and Valency Groups.” Edinburgh and East of Scotland.-The Section has held two evening meetings, both of which have been well attended. 372 On 1st November the Chairman of the Section, Dr. W. G. Hiscock, gave a lecture on “High ExpTosives and the Ordinary Citizen.” On 26th November, Professor F. A. Paneth outlined the work that he and his collaborators had recently carried out on “The Chemical Exploration of the Stratosphere.” Communications for the Honorary Secretary of the Section should be addressed to Mr.G. Elliot Ihdds, A.I.C., Messrs. J. A. Sheriffs & Co., Ltd., Royston Works, Edinburgh, 5. Glasgow and West of Scotland.-On 15 th November members of the Section availed themselves of the invitation of the Chemical Society and attended a lecture in the Royal Tech- nical College, Glasgow, when Dr. W. T. Astbury delivered a lecture on “The Structure of Proteins.” Professor F. J. Wilson occupied the Chair. Leeds Area -The Annual General Meeting of the Section was held in the University of Leeds on 11th November,- Professor F. M. Rowe, Chairman of the Section, presiding.The Chairman reported that on the outbreak of war the Committee felt reluctantly obliged to cancel the programme arranged for the session 1939-40. When the anticipated con- ditions did not develop, however, the possibility of maintaining contact and continuity became evident, and two very successful meetings were held in March and April. For the present session a full programme had been arranged, and he looked forward to the support of the members in the resumption of normal activity. The Hon. Treasurer presented the Financial Statement, which was adopted. Mr. J. Barritt, Mr. S. W. Buttenvorth, Dr. J. A. Jessop and Dr. R. C. Storey were elected to the Committee, and Messrs. J. T. Thompson and A. Woodmansey were re-elected as Hon. Auditors.The following resolution was moved by Mr. Trefor Davies and seconded by Dr. A. L. Roberts:- “That this meeting of the Leeds Area Section of the Institute of Chemistry petitions the Council of the Institute to re-examine the position of Gas Identification Officers under the Personal Injuries (Civilians) Scheme, Statutory Rules and Orders, 1940, No, 1307.” It was contended, in support of the motion, that the Gas Identification Officers, who are mainly members of the Institute 373 and recruited through its medium, are qualified men acting in a professional, although honorary, capacity, and that the service differs in that respect from other A.R.P. services; yet the com- pensation payable is at the extremely low rates applicable to civilians in general, and although Leeds Officers are on forty-two- hour periods of stand-by duty it has been ruled by the Local Authority that they are classed as Civilian Duty Volunteers only when they have been called out to an incident.The resolution was carried. Mr. A. L. Bacharach gave a lecture on “Vitamins and Cell Life,” which was followed by a discussion in which many members participated. Liverpool and North-Western.-A meeting of the Section was held at Reece’s Restaurant, Parker Street, Liverpool, on 17th October,-Mr. G. W. Beaumont in the Chair. Following the installation of the chairman for the 1940-41 Session, Mr. J. R. Stubbs, members lunched together and a short address on “Some Sulphanilamide Antiseptics ” was given by Dr.J. V. Loach, of Liverpool University. London and South-Eastern Counties.-The Annual General Meeting of the Section was held at the Institute on 27th November,-Mr. J. R. Nicholls in the Chair. The Annual Report of the Committee and the Honorary Treasurer’s Statement were received. The Chairman spoke of the work of the Committee during the year in connexion with attempts to aid the Benevolent Fund, the setting up by the Council of a sub-committee on Publicity, following the receipt of a Report from the Section Committee, and of the letter sent by him urging members of the Section to agree voluntarily to join the co-operative scheme proposed by the Chemical Council. A vote of thanks was accorded to the retiring Honorary Treasurer, Mr.C. A. Adams. Members of Committee for the following year were elected as follows:-Chairman: Mr. J. R. Nicholls; Vice-Chairmen: Mr. R. F. Innes and Dr. J. Grant; Hon. Treasurer: Dr. H. Baines;” Hon. Secretary: Mr. D. M. Freeland; ex-oficio, as District Member of Council, Mr. M. Bogod. Committee:-Fellows: Dr. M. P. Balfe. Mr. A. J. Cave&* Mr. R. B. Drew,* Dr. D. C. Garratt, Dr. J. G. A. Griffiths,” Mr. R. L. Kenny, Dr. D. W. Kent-Jones,* Mr. E. Q. * An asterisk (*) indicates a new officer or committee member. 374 Laws, Dr. G. L. Riddell, Dr. E. A. Rudge, Mr. J. B. Wilton,* and Mr. W. 0. R. Wynn; Associates: Mr. J. Stewart Cook,* Dr. J. B. M. Coppock," Mr. H. E. C. Powers," Mr. L. W. Ragg,* Mr. D. J. Saxby and Mr.A. W. H. Upton. Messrs. C. L. Claremont and P. Bilham were re-appointed as Hon. Auditors, with a vote of thanks for their past services. Mr. E. Barrs stated he had come to the meeting purposely to say a word on behalf of the Benevolent Fund, and he expressed his pleasure at the knowledge that the Committee had been con- sidering this subject. The Chairman urged members to come into the "seven year plan" by signing Deeds of Covenant under which the Benevolent Fund could reap the advantage of a rebate of Income Tax on the sum subscribed. A number of questions upon the Scheme of Co-operation with the Publishing Societies were answered by the Chairman and by Mr. R. L. Collett. The Chairman announced that the Committee had decided to suspend arrangements for visits during the coming year because of the difficult conditions prevailing for travel and, perhaps, at works; but that the programme of lectures would be carried through? except that the lecture usually held in January would take place in April.South Wales.-Members of the Section met on 30th September, at the Mackworth Hotel, Swansea, to discuss the Chemical Council Co-operation Scheme, and to decide what action should be taken with reference to the programme arranged for the session. The Co-operation Scheme was welcomed, the members expressing their approval of the Scheme and their willingness to further it to the utmost of their powers. It 'was decided to adhere as closely as possible to the sessional programme, except that the majority of the meetings should be held on Saturday afternoons.The Honorary Secretary presented a brief report of the Annual Conference of Honorary Secretaries, referring specially to the discussion on the By-laws governing election to the Council, and his action at the Conference was endorsed. With reference to the Special Appeal for the Benevolent Fund, issued with Part IV of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, * An asterisk (*) indicates a new officer or committee member. t See Coming Events (p. 389); 375 the view was expressed that a more forceful appeal could be addressed to the members by means of a personal letter from the President or the Council, as members might omit to read a printed slip issued with the JOURNAL.Members felt that various statistical data, such as the average contribution per member of the Institute, the average contribution per member of those actually contributing, and the actual number of members contributing, might usefully be incorporated in any future appeal.” It was reported that the Section Committee had decided that a note reminding members of the Section of the appeal should be included in the next Section notice. A meeting of the Section was held on 26th October, in the Mackworth Hotel, Swansea,-Mr. J. Christie in the Chair. Mr. H. L1. Bassett, Senior Gas Adviser for the Welsh Region, gave a lecture on “Some Aspects of Gas Detection” to a repre- sentative audience of members, Local A.R.P. Officials and Gas Identification Officers, some of whom came from as far afield as Cardigan and Pembrokeshire.On 9th November, members of the Section participated in a meeting, arranged jointly by the Chemical Society and the University College of Swansea Chemical Society, held in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University College, Swansea,- Prof. J. E. Coates presiding. Dr. H. J. Emelkus gave a lecture on “Fluorine: Some Recent Developments in the Chemistry of the Element and its Derivatives.’’ A joint meeting of the Section with the Chemical Society and the University College of Swansea Chemical Society was held in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University College, Swansea, on 23rd November,-Professor J. E. Coates in the Chair. Professor E. K. Rideal, M.B.E., F.R.S., delivered a lecture on “Some Aspects of Surface Action.” The experiment of holding meetings on Saturday afternoons during the present time has been an undoubted success, with audiences of nearly sixty at each lecture. * In the Appeal Pamphlet dated 12th December, 1939, the information was supplied that “The number of contributors, so far, in 1939 is 2641 (including 219 group contributors) .. .” The accounts attached to the Appeal showed contributions (to the date mentioned) amounting to el604 11s. Id., i.e. an average of 12s. Id. per contributor. The Roll of Fellows and Associates was then approximately 7500,-giving an average contribution of 48. 3d. per niember, if all had contributed. 376 Lecture Summary. The Biochemistry of the Vitamins: their part in the life of the cell (A summary of portions of lectures delivered before the Leeds Area Section and the Birmingham and Midlands Section of the Institute.) By A.L. BACHARACH The biochemistry of the vitamins, in the true sense of the phrase-that is, knowledge of the actual intracellular chemical reactions in which they are concerned in vivo-is a science of the last few years. It could not be developed until the progress of knowledge and advances in technique had reached a certain essential stage. Early work on the vitamins, to which practi- tioners in many branches of science and medicine contributed, was concerned in establishing first their general role in nutrition, the nature of the deficiency diseases appearing in their absence and their distribution in different species of the animal and vegetable kingdom ; secondly, in isolating them and determining their chemical constitutions ; thirdly, in elaborating synthetic methods for their production on a commercial scale.Though the part played by the chemist in the first of these stages had been essential, so had those of the physiologist, the experimental nutritionist, the clinician, the pathologist and the histologist; in the second and third stages the chemist’s work had been all-important, though he had received invaluable help from the physicist, especially in the domains of spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, as well as from the bio-assayist and the statistician, who jointly gave his work the necessary quantita- tive validity.Only when the third stage had been reached, though generally before it was finally consummated, did it become possible to see the indissoluble connexion between the work of the vitamin biochemist and those scientists who had been concerning themselves with the detailed chemistry of enzyme reactions in the living cell. We know to-day that at least three of the water-soluble vitamins of the “B ” group-vitamin B, (aneurin), nicotinic acid and riboflavin (1actoflavin)-constitute essential parts of three different enzyme systems-carboxylase, the dehydrogenases and the “yellow respiratory ferment,” respectively. This knowledge may well furnish clues to an understanding, as yet practically non-existent, of the biochemistry, in the sense defined, of other water-soluble vitamins,-such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), adermin (vitamin B6),pantothenic acid (“filtrate factor ”)-and of all the fat-soluble vitamins.Here, possibly, a study of the action of “desolubilising ”-that is, lipophilic-groups, such as the phytyl group of vitamin K,, may help towards elaboration of a technique that will make it possible to bridge the gap between, for example, a fat-soluble vitamin “co-enzyme” and a water- soluble “substrate.” Despite our accurate and detailed chemical knowledge of vitamin A and the biologically active carotenoids, of the group of antirachitic vitamins (D), of vitamin K and its synthetic substitutes and of the tocopherols (vitamin E), we can at present do no more than speculate, without the support of any direct experimental evidence, as to even the type of chemical reaction in which they take part in the living organism.Streatfeild Memorial Lecture.-Mr. Sydney J. Johnstone’s Streatfeild Memorial Lecture on “The Empire’s Mineral Armoury” is in preparation for issue in January, 1941. Notes. Sir George Beilby Memorial Awards.-The Administra-tors of the Beilby Memorial Fund have announced an award of One Hundred Guineas to Dr. Frederick Measham Lea in recogni- tion of his researches on the constitution of silicate systems and the chemistry of cement in its physico-chemical aspects. Dr. Lea was educated at King Edward VI School, Birmingham , and after war service during 1918-1919, entered the University of Birmingham, where he gained the Frankland Prize for practical chemistry, and graduated B.Sc.with first class honours in 1921, proceeding to M.Sc. in 1922 and D.Sc. in 1935. He was elected an Associate of the Institute of Chemistry in 1922 and a Fellow in 1936. From 1922-1925, Dr. Lea was attached to the Admiralty Engineering Laboratory. Since 1925 , except during 1928-1929, when he was Guest Research Associate at the Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C., U.S.A., he has been a member of the staff of the Building Research Station , Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, where he now holds the position of Principal Scientific Officer. Dr. Lea was a member of the Official British Delegation to the World Power Conference and Second International Congress on Large Dams held at Washington, D.C., U.S.A., in 1936 and has also been a British 'representative on the International Committee on Special Cements , and Honorary Secretary of the corresponding British Committee.He has also served on a number of sub-committees of the Research committee of the Institution of Civil Engineers and is at the present time Chairman of the Roads and Building Materials Group of the Society of Chemical Industry. Professor David Henry Peacock, Fellow, Professor of Chemis-try in the University of Rangoon and Special Chemical Advisor (Customs) to the Government of Burma, has retired from the service of that Government. 379 Dr.Reginald Arthur Mott, Fellow, has been appointed lecturer in Coking Processes in the Department of Fuel Technology at the University of Sheffield. SCIENCEIN PARLIAMENT Alien Scientists.-On 21st October a White Paper, Cmd. 6233, was published by the Home Office, laying down a modified procedure to be followed by certain categories of aliens in applying for release from internment. Paragraph 8 of this White Paper indicated that special facilities for release would be available to alien “scientists, research workers, and persons of academic distinction, for whom work of importance in their special fields is available.” (At the suggestion of the Home Secretary, special committees to consider such cases and submit recommendation to him have been set up by the Vice-Chancellors of the Univer- sities, the Royal Society and the British Academy, and any applications should be submitted through these committees.) On 26th November, the Home Secretary, in the course of a long reply to a question in the House of Commons, stated:- “There remains the question of men whose special qualifications would render them more useful in civil occupations.Many of these are covered by the existing provisions in the White Paper for the release of scientists and experts who are required for work of national importance, and I am taking steps to secure that such persons are released as quickly as possible.” On 27th November, the Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department stated:-“ The importance of making the best use of all the scientific talent available, including that of friendly aliens, is fully realised, and the question what further steps can be taken for this purpose is being explored.My right hon. Friend is most anxious that none of the restrictions imposed for the control of aliens shall hinder the work of scientists who are willing to help this country.” On 3rd December a Debate on the whole subject took place in the House of Commons. Professor A. V. Hill, M.P., made a long and moving appeal for a broad-minded and intelligent treatment of the problem, and he quoted a number of instances of failure to utilise the brains, skill and loyalty freely available to us among many interned aliens. The Home Secretary made a sympathetic statement whilst Mr.Peake, the Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, said that there were some 380 15,000aliens who may be eligible for release and that probably a large number would shortly be released. Bread.-The proposal to reinforce bread with synthetic vitamins has been the subject of many questions. Extracts from some of the replies by the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food are here given:- On 8th October,-“The Ministry is now engaged upon the technical preparation which is necessary to carry out the policy to introduce synthetic vitamin B, and calcium into the flour supply of the country.’’ On 24th October,-“Bread made from high extraction flour is freely available to meet public demand, and my noble Friend does not consider it necessary to add to the vitamins already present in such flour.’’ On 13th November,-“ The decision to introduce a calcium salt and synthetic vitamin Bl into flour was reached by the Government after receiving a recommendation from the Scientific Food Committee, of which Sir William Bragg, President of the Royal Society, is Chairman. My noble Friend is aware that a high extraction flour has some points of superiority from the nutritional point of view over white flour reinforced with synthetic vitamin B,.The reasons for the Government’s decision to reinforce white flour while securing that wholemeal flour is also available to the public were explained to this House of 18th July last, and the Govern- ment sees no reason to reconsider the decision then announced.” On 16th November, the Ministry of Food announced:-“The Flour (Vitaminisation) Advisory Committee, which has recently been appointed, will have the assistance in their official capacities of Professor D.S. M. Watson, F.R.S., of the Scientific Sub-Committee of the Food Policy committee of the Cabinet, of Mr. P. N. R. Butcher of the Ministry of Health, and of the following officers of the Ministry of Food :-Sir Norman Vernon, Bart. (Member of Council of the Institute), Director of Flour Milling; Professor J. C. Drummond, Scientific Adviser; Dr. T. Moran, Deputy Scientific Adviser; Mr. J. H. Pillman, Manager for Imported Flour.” ScientiJic Food Committee.-On 7t h November, Mr.Mander asked the Lord Privy Seal-the membership of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition; to what extent its advice 381 was being taken; and whether he would give an assurance that vested interests would not be allowed to interfere with the application of scientific discoveries ? Mr. Attlee replied: “My hon. Friend is, no doubt, referring to the Scientific Food Committee, presided over by the President of the Royal Society, Sir William Bragg, and I will circulate in the Oficial Report the membership of this committee. A number of recommendations on a variety of subjects connected with food have been put forward by the committee. It is not possible within the scope of a Parliamentary answer to enumerate the subjects on which their advice is being taken.The answer to the last part of the Question is in the affirmative.” The names of the remaining members of the Committee are:--- Sir Alan Anderson, G.B.E. ; Professor A. W. Ashby; Professor E. P. Cathcart, C.B.E., F.R.S. ; Mr. Henry Clay; Professor F. L. Engledow, C.M.G., F.R.S. ; Mr. W. Gavin, C.B.E. ; Sir Edward Mellanby, M.D., F.R.S. ; Sir John Boyd Orr, F.R.S. ; Professor J. A. Scott-Watson; and Professor D. S. M. Watson, F.R.S. (Secretary). Central Register (Scientists) .-On 7t h November, Mr. Williams asked the Minister of Labour how many scientists are registered under the Ministry of Labour, and how many are being utilised, respectively, in the following classes :-chemists, physicists, engineers, mathematicians, biologists, bio-chemists, physiologists, pathologists and psychologists; how many scientists actively engaged upon research have been registered and utilised; and how many members of the Royal Society are wholly or in any way actively engaged in war work? Mr.Ernest Bevin replied: “There are 28,423 scientists of the categories mentioned on the Central Register, practically all of whom are occupied. The function of the Central Register is to transfer to new work the best qualified candidates who can be spared from their present work, and it would be entirely misleading to suppose that because a scientist has not been moved by the Central Register after his registration, his services are not being utilised to the best advantage.Statistics are not kept in the precise form asked for, and I would invite my hon. Friend to call at the office of the Central Register where he will be given all available information on the questions he raises.” ScientiJic Research Workers (Age of Reservation).-In reply to a question on this subject in the House of Commons on Thursday, 382 28th November, the Parliamentary Secretary of the Ministry of Labour, Mr. Assheton, said: “The scientific research workers in question are mainly research workers in botany and zoology. The decision to raise the age of reservation from 25 to 30 was taken in consultation with the Botany and Zoology Sub-committees of the Central Register, the Agricultural Research Council and the University Vice-Chancellors’ Commit tee.I may mention that the age of reservation of university professors and lecturers in general has been raised to 30. I should add that arrangements exist under which any individual scientific research worker below the age of reservation, whom it is necessary to retain in his occupation, may have his calling up deferred.” Bulletin No. 3 of A.R.P. Training Bulletins, issued by the Ministry of Home Security, consists mainly of notes concerning anti-gas, high explosives and incendiary bombs. Copies may be obtained on written application to H.M. Stationery Office, York House, Kingsway, W.C.2, by a Clerk to a Local Authority or by a Secretary to a Public Utility Undertaking, or an industrial or commercial concern.Price 4d. net or 5d. including postage for individual copies; postal rates for quantities will be furnished on application. A Supplement to the Schedule of Reserved Occupations setting out the changes made since May, 1940,up to and including 3rst August, is obtainable from H.M. Stationery Office, price 3d. 383 Obituary, JOHNWILLIAMBLAGDENdied at Loughton, Essex, on 28th November, at the age of 67 years. Born at Camberwell and educated at Dulwich College, he studied chemistry at Cambridge University, where he graduated in the Natural Sciences Tripos in 1895, subsequently proceeding to M.A., and at Wurzburg University where he obtained the degree of Ph.D. in 1898. In 1899-1900 he was senior demonstrator in electro-chemistry and chemical technology in the Electrochemical Institute of the “Polytech-nicum” at Darmstadt.From 1900-1914 he was engaged as a research chemist and departmental manager with C. F. Boehringer und Sohne, at Mannheim, with whom he was associated in many patents for manu-facturing processes. During 1914-1918 he was interned at Ruhleben Camp, where he became head of the department for physical science in the Camp School, which included laboratories for chemistry and physics. In March, 1919, he was appointed head of the Research Department of Messrs. Howards & Sons, Ltd., at Ilford, with whom he became a director and was still actively associated at the time of his death. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1919. ARTHURGEORGEBLOXAMwas killed by enemy action in November, 1940, at the age of 74 years.He was the son of Professor Charles Loudon Bloxam, and nephew of Sir Frederick Abel, President of the Institute (1880-1883). Educated at King’s College School, he matriculated at London University in 1882, in which year he entered King’s College, where he studied until 1885 and continued as assistant to Professor J. Millar Thomson in his practical classes in chemistry and photography until 1887. He then became chief assistant to Professor Edward Kinch and demonstrator in the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. From 1891 to 1897 he was head of the chemistry department at the Goldsmiths’ Institute, New Cross, and then joined Messrs. Abel and Imray, Chartered Patent Agents, with whom he was senior partner for eighteen years, until his retirement in December, 1939.In 1926-1927 he was President of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, having previously served several periods as a Member of the Council of that Institute and of its Board of Examiners. Jointly with Professor Thomson and later with Dr. S. Judd Lewis he revised several editions of Bloxam’s Chemistry .-Inorganic and Organic, and he was joint author with Bertram Blount of Chemistry for Engineers and Manufacturers. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1887 and a Fellow in 1891. He served as a Member of Council from 1914 to 1915. CHARLESADOLPHUS died at Radlett on 12th December inHACKMAN his 65th year. Educated at Cranbrook Grammar School, he matriculated at London University in 1893 and proceeded to King’s College, London, where he continued until 1896.In the following year he became assistant to A. Chaston Chapman, and three years later chief assistant to Dr. John Muter, with whose son, Mr. A. H. Mitchell Muter, he subsequently entered into partnership, which continued until his death. He was public analyst for the Metropolitan Borough of Battersea and for the Borough of Colchester, and additional public analyst for the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth. He was also, joint,ly with his partner, an approved analyst 384 for the testing of drugs and medicines supplied to insured persons, under the National Health Insurance Acts. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1899 and a Fellow in 1902.ROBERTJOHNSONJOSEPH died at Birmingham, suddenly of heart failure, on 3rd November, in his 58th year, while proceeding to Auxiliary Fire Service duties. Born at Aston, he was educated at the local Higher Grade School, and continued his studies at Aston Manor Technical (Day) School, at Birmingham Technical School and Birmingham University. After three years’ experience in the Birmingham Assay Office, he obtained an appointment in 1900 with Elliott’s Metal Co., Ltd., at Selly Oak Works, where he continued, attaining the position of chief chemist and senior metallurgist from 1907 until 1923. He was then appointed to the chemical staff of Cadbury Bros., Ltd., in charge of the general laboratory at Bourn- ville. He was a past Chairman of the Midland Section of the British Association of Chemists, had served on the Local Section Committee of the Society of Chemical Industry, and was Chairman of the Midland Chemists’ Committee which co-ordinates the activities of chemists in the Midlands.He was also devoted to church affairs and to hospital night volunteer service. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1919 and a Fellow in 1930. He was a very active Member of Council from 1932 to 1935 and from 1937 to 1940 and Chairman for a third period of the Birming- ham and Midlands Section at the time of his death. Professor R. H. Hopkins and Dr. D. F. Twiss represented the Council of the Institute at his funeral. EDWARDHENRY WATSON was killed by enemy action in November, 1940, at the age of 33 years.Educated at Sussex Road L.C.C. School, Brixton, and Norwood Technical Institute, he was originally trained as a pharmacist, and from 1931 held an appointment in that capacity at St. George’s Hospital, London. He pursued his training in chemistry at Chelsea Polytechnic in preparation for the Examination for the Associa,teship of the Institute, which he passed in October, 1936. He continued attendance at Chelsea Polytechnic in preparation for the Examination for the Fellowship in the Chemistry (and Microscopy) of Food, Drugs and Water, which he passed in September last. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1936 and a Fellow in October this year. Two Registered Students of the Institute have been killed while on Home Guard Duty: WILLIAMEDWARD was educated at Bishop Vesey’s Grammar HOWKINS School, Sutton Coldfield.He passed Matriculation and School Certificate Examinations of the Northern Universities, and had been a RegisteredStudent at the Birmingham Central Technical College since February, 1937. He was for three years a junior member of the laboratory staff of the Dunlop Rubber Co. and for four years an Assistant Chemist in the Post Office Engineering Department. He was 23 years of age. DENNISHERBERT was educated at Waverley Road Secondary PHILLIPS School, Birmingham. He had obtained the Matriculation Certificate of the Northern Universities and was engaged in the Chemical Section of the Post Office Engineering Department. I3e had been a Registered Student at the Central Technical College, Birmingham, since January, 1938.He was 22 years of age. 385 Books and their Contents. The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain : Calendar 1940-1941,published by the Society. 5s. net. Officers, administration and a.ctivities of the society ; forensic pharmacy ; the Pharmacy Acts; the Dangerous Drugs Acts and Regulations; the Apothecaries Act; Shops Acts; weights and measures; the Sale of Food arid Drugs ; registration of business names ; venereal disease ; Therapeutic Substances Act, 1925; the use of stills; sale of intoxicating liquor; sale of abortifacients ; Juries Act; apprenticeship ; master and servant ; storage and sale of explosives; storage and sale of inflammable sub- stances; directory; statement on the British Pharmacopceia by C.H. Hampshire. The following books have been kindly presented by the authors and publishers, and may be seen in the Library of the Institute :-Chemical Computations and Errors. Thomas B. Crumpler and John H. Yoe. Pp. xiv + 248. (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, Inc.; London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd.) 18s. net. Computation methods ; significant figures ; algebraic solution of numerical equations ; approximate methods of solving equations ; interpolation and extrapolation ; theory of measurements ; classification of errors ; statistical methods ; theory of errors ; statistical interpretation of measurements ;curve fitting : bibliography ;tables ; indexes ; international atomic weights, 1939 (inside cover).Chemical Microscopy, Handbook of. Emile Monnin Chamot and C. W. Mason. Vol. 11: Chemical Methods and Inorganic Qualitative Analysis. 2nd Edition. Pp. xii + 438. (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, Inc.; London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd.) 30s. net. Manipulation methods of a general character ; handling small amounts of materials ; methods of applying reagents in microscopical qualitative chemical analysis ; detection of the elements of groups I to VIII ; detection of rare earths; detection of anions ; special reagents yielding reactions with a number of cations; qualitative analysis of material of unknown composition. Appendix : preparation of special reagents ; reference books on microscopical analysis; periodic table of the elements; key to reagent blocks; index.Chrome Ore and Chromium. Robert Allen andG. E. Howling. Pp. vi + 118. (London: The Imperial Institute.) 2s. 6d. net. A report on the mineral industry of the British Empire and foreign countries prepared by the Mineral Resources 386 Department of the Imperial Institute with the assistance of the Statistical and Indexing Sections, and approved by the Consultative Committee on Iron and Ferro-Alloy Metals. Introduction: chrome ore ; mining and dressing; uses ; marketing and prices; world's production; chrome ore in the British Empire; chrome ore in foreign countries ; references to technical literature. German : Advanced Readings in Chemical and Technical.Selected and edited by John Theodore Fotos and R. Norris Shreve. Pp. xliv + 304. (New York : J. Wiley & Sons, Inc. ; London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd.) 15s. net. Preface ; introduction ; reading difficulties of chemical and technical German; minimum chemical and technical German frequency voca-bulary ; selections from practical reference books by Ullman, Houben, Meyer und Jacobson, Beilstein, GInelin, Oberhoffer, Guertler ; German-English vocabulary ;German-English list of symbols and abbreviations ; strong and irregular verbs ; abbreviations and publications. Insect Pests in Stored Products. H. Hayhurst. 130 Illustrations from photographs by Harry Britten. Pp. xii + 84. (London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd.) 15s.net. Foreword by Sir Harold Kartley, C.B.E., F.R.S., and preface by T. W. Jones. Coleoptera (beetles) ; lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) ;diptera (two- winged flies) ; hemipitera (bugs or sucking insects) ; hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, ichneumon flies, etc.) ; orthoptera (cockroaches, grass- hoppers and stick insects) ; psocoptera (book lice) ; thysanura (bristle tails); arachnida (scorpions); false scorpions. Control measures ; list of substances and their pests; index. Organic Syntheses. An Annual Publication of Satisfactory Methods for the Preparation of Organic Chemicals. Vol. XX. Charles F. H. Allen, Editor-in-Chief. Pp. vi + 114. (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, Inc.; London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd.) 10s. 6d. net.Procedure, notes and methods of preparation of 40 substances, submitted and checked by over 50 contributors, under the supervision of an Advisory Board and an Editorial Board. Messrs. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., have kindly presented a further copy of Records and Research in Engineering and Industrial Science, by J. E. Holmstrom, to replace a copy which has been missed from the Library. The British Standards Institution has recently pub- lished-No. 911-1940. Biological Assay of Vitamin D, by the Chick Method. 2s. net; post free, 2s. 3d. 387 The Register. At the meeting of Council held on 15th Kovember, 1940,I new Fellow was elected, 6 Associates were elected to the Fellowship, 25 new Associates were elected, and 19 Students were admitted. The Council records with regret the deaths of 5 Fellows and z Students. New Fellow.Gyngell, Eric Stephen, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Lond.), 18, Darley Park Road, Derby. Associates elected to the Fellowship. Adam, William Bennett, M..4. (Cantab.), University of Bristol Research Station, Campden, Glos. Dickinson, Denis, M.Sc. (Dun.), 15, Nansen Road, Gatley, Cheshire. Farmer, Charles Sandell, A.M.C.T., 24, Stand Park Road, Childwall, Liverpool, 16. Lewis, David Thomas, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Wales), Derlwyn, Moy Road, Aberfan, Glam. Patterson, James Bruce Eric, M.Sc. (Lond.), The Warren, Dartingtori Hall, Totnes, S. Devon. Wright, Cyril Maynard, M.Sc. (Lond.), 4, Bank Road, Billingham-on-Tees. New Associates. Aleong, Ronald Winston, M.Sc.(Lond.), A.R.C.S., 7, Glazbury Road, London, W.14. Austen, Stuart, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.S.M., c/o Messrs. Revertex, Ltd., Burnt House, Coldharbour Lane, Bushey, Herts. Aylward, Francis Xavier, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Liv.), 34, Rufford Road, Fairfield, Liverpool, 6. Batty, William Roland Haydn, B.Sc. (Liv.), Holmleigh, Armstead Road, Beighton, Sheffield. Bell, Harold Edwin, l3.S~. (Lond.), 23, Ruddington Lane, Wili'ord, Nottingham.Bender, Arnold Eric, B.Sc. (Liv.), 15, Quex Road, London, N.W.B. Bills, William Walter, 7, Glebe Avenue, Grappenhall, Warrington. Christie, George Shearer, A.H.-W.C., The Beeches, Cowdenbeath, Fife. Clarke, Geoffrey Donald, B.Sc. (Lond.), 50, Woodfield Avenue, Gravesend. Fowkes, Ernest Alexander, 77, Saltley Road, Birmingham, 7.Grant, Ewan Charles Simpson, A.H.-W.C., 29, Falcon Avenue, Edin- burgh, 10. Holmes, Kenneth Wigfield, B.Sc. (Lond.), 22, Elfindale Road, London, S.E.24. Leach, Walter George, B.Sc. (Lond.), 16, Chalfont Road, London, S.E.25. Liddiard, Percival Donald, B.Sc. (Lond.), 19, Presburg Road, New Malden. Mahant, Sampuran Das, M.Sc. (Punjab), University Chemical Laboratories, The Mall, Lahore, India. Middleton, Kenneth Rigby, B.Sc. (Wales), 37, Harle Street, Neath, Glam. Nunn, Ronald Frederick, B.Sc. (Lond.), c/o Hurstwood Park Hospital, Haywards Heath, Sussex. Oliver, George Frederick, 8, Finch Street, Millom, Cumberland. Reidy, John William, 30, Woodstock Drive, Worsley, Manchester. Rose, Charles Francis Matthew, 32, St. Mary Avenue, Wallington, Surrey. Saboor, Muhammad Abdus, M.Sc.(Dacca), 19, Virginia Road, Leeds, 2. Sarkar, Sachindranath, M.Sc., Ph.D. (Dacca), Chemical Laboratories, Dacca University, Ramna P.O., Dacca, India. Smith, Arthur Raymond, B.A., B.Sc. (Oxon.), 107, Lenton Boulevard, Not tingham . Stansfield, Frank, B.Sc. (Manc.), Hulme Hall, Victoria Park, Manchester, 14. Waywell, James, 506, Herries Road, Sheffield, 5. New Students. Bailey, John Leggett, 5, Bryanston Avenue, Whitton, Middlesex. Banks, Allan Pearson, 49, Vulcan’s Lane, Workington, Cumberland. Baxandall, Gordon Alfred, 21, Sunnycroft Road, Leicester. Boyle, George Michael, Hill Cottage, Avonbridge by Falkirk, Stirlingshire. Carter, Philip Rufus, 32, Selby Road, London, W.5.Dixon, Henry, Sewage Works, Martholme, Clayton-le-Moors, Accrington. Eastwood, Jack Hilton, 227, Kingsway, Gatley, Cheshire. Featherstone, Charles Beckham, 32, Crossley Road, Rurnage, Manchester, 19. Haydock, James, 113, Church Road, Leyland, nr. Preston. Hewitt, David Leslie, 56, Roby Street, St. Helens. Hibbitt, Alee Ennever William, 114, Greville Road, Southville, Bristol, 3. Knight, John Arnold, 9, St. Bedes Road, Billingham-on-Tees. MacKinnon, Alan, 1112, Cathcart Road, Glasgow, S.2. Morgan, Alfred Douglas, 16, Warley Croft, Warley, Birmingham, 32. Naylor, Ralph Francis, 7, Marham Gardens, London, S.W.18. Norton, Charles Roy, 110, Carlinghow Lane, Batley, Yorks. Quirk, William, 235, Lowerhouse Lane, Liverpool, 11. Sanderson, James Roland, Durham Road, Coatham Mundeville, Darlington. White, John Howard, 5, King Edward’s Gardens, Acton Hill, London, W.3.DEATHS. Fellows. John William Blagden, M.A. (Cantab.), Ph.D. (Wurzbiirg). Arthur George Bloxam, F.C.I.P.A. Charles Adolphus Hackman. Joseph Robert Johnson. Edward Henry Watson, M.P.S. Students. William Edward Howkins. Dennis Herbert Phillips. Coming Events. 1941 January 13 INSTITUTEOF CHEMISTRY(Leeds Area Section): “The Duties and Liabilities of the Chemist at Common Law.” Mr. H. M. Bunbnry. OF CHEMICALENGINEERS14 THE INSTITUTION AND THE CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGGROUP (Society of Chemical Industry) : “Modern Developments in the Design of Plant for the Concentration of Sulphuric Acid.” Mr. P.Parrish, in the Rooms of the Geological Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W.1, at 2.30 p.m.Informal luncheon at Stewart’s Restaurant (corner of Piccadillyand Old Bond Street) at 12.45 p.m. 18 CHEMICALSOCIETY OF PETROLEUM,AND INSTITUTE with the South Wales Section of the Institute. “The Combustion of Gaseous Hydrocarbons.” Mr. A. R. Ubbelohde, in the ChemistryLecture Theatre, University College, Singleton Park, Swansea. 21 THE INSTITUTECHEMISTRY(South Yorkshire Section) : JointOF meeting with the Chemical Society : “Resins.” Professor R. D. Haworth, at the University, Western Bank, Sheffield, at 6.30 p.m. 24 SOCIETYOF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY(Birmingham and Midland Section): Jubilee Memorial Lecture : “Proteins.” Dr. W. T. Astbur y .27 INSTITUTEOF CHEMISTRY (Edinburgh and East of Scotland Section): “Nucleic Acids.” Professor J. Masson Gulland, at the North British Station Hotel, Edinburgh, at 7.15 p.m. February 8 SOCIETY with the South Wales Section of OF CHEMICALINDUSTRY the Institute of Chemistry : “The Development of Ceramic Electrical Insulating Materials.” Dr. J. A. Sugden, in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University College, Singleton Park, Swansea. OF CHEMISTRY10 INSTITUTE (Leeds Area Section). “The Chemistry of Soil Fertility.” Professor N. M. Comber. OF19 INSTITUTECHEMISTRY(London and South-Eastern Counties Section): “Colour Printing.” V. A. W. Harrison, Ph.D., A.Inst.P., A.R.P.I., Lecture Hall of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Portland Place, W.1.20 SOCIETYOF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY(Birmingham and Midland Section): Dr. C. M. Walter. OF24 INSTITUTECHEMISTRY (Edinburgh and East of Scotland Section): “Some Problems in Macro-Molecular Chemistry.” Professor H. W. Melville, at the North British Station Hotel, Edinburgh, at 7.15 p.m. 26 INSTITUTEOF CHEMISTRY(Birmingham and Midlands Section) : “The Energy Output and Food Requirements of Miners.” Professor K. Neville MOSS,at the Chamber of Commerce, New Street, Birmingham, at 5.30 p.m. 390 28 THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY: Joint meeting with the Institute of Chemistry (South Yorkshire Section) : “Diazotization.” Pro-fessor J. Kenner, at the University, Western Bank, Shefield, at 5.30 p.m. March OF1 INSTITUTE CHEMISTRY (South Wales Section) : “Micro-chemistry, with special reference to Spot Tests.” Mr.F. Hudswell, in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University College, Singleton Park, Swansea. 3 THE INSTITUTE Annual General Meeting: OF CHEMISTRY: 11 CHEMICAL (Leeds Area Local Section) :Joint Meeting with SOCIETY the Leeds University Chemical Society : Discussion on “Some Aspects of Adsorption.” Opened by R. M. Barrer and R. S. Bradley. 15 MIDLAND CHEMIsrs’ Annual Dinner, at the Midland Hotel, New Street, Birmingham. 19 INSTITUTECHEMISTRY(London and South-Eastern Counties OF Section) and INSTITUTE (London and Home Counties OF PHYSICS Branch): Joint Meeting. It is hoped that the President of the Institute, Dr. J. J. Fox, C.B., will address this meeting, at the Royal Institution.20 CHEMICALSOCIETY,with the South Wales Section of the Institute of Chemistry: “The Life and Work of William Jackson Pope.” Professor C. S. Gibson, O.B.E., Sc.D., F.R.S., in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University College, Singleton Park, Swansea. 21 SOCIETYOF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY(Birmingham and Midland Section): “The Chemist in Modern Agriculture.” Sir E. J. Russell, F.R.S. 25 INSTITUTEOF CHEMISTRY(South Yorkshire Section) :Joint meeting with the Society of Chemical Industry. “Some Aspects of Boiler Water Treatment.” Dr. A. W. Chapman, at the Technical College, Rotherham, at 6.30 p.m. 26 INSTITUTECHEMISTRY (Birmingham and Midlands Section) :OF Annual General Meeting, at the Birmingham Chamber of Commerce.April OF16 INSTITGTECHEMISTRY(London and South-Eastern Counties Section): “Chromatographic Analysis.” Dr. A. H. Cook, Lecture Hall of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,Portland Place, W. 1. 22 INSTITUTECHEMISTRYOF (South Yorkshire Section): A Series of short papers of topical interest. At the Metallurgical Club, 198, West Street, Sheffield. 24 INSTITUTEOF CHEMISTRY(South Wales Section) : Annual General Meeting, in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre, University College, Singleton Park, Swansea. Mag13 THE CHEMICAL SOCIE!I!;Y (Leeds Area Loca!, Section): Eighth Liversidge Lecture : Complex Formation. Professor N. V. Sidgwick, C.R.E., F.R.S. 391 General Notices. The Annual General Meeting of the Institute will be held on Monday, 3rd March, 1941.Nomination of General Members of the Council.-Attention is directed to the By-laws relating to the nomination of General Members of Council:-By-law 26.-(1) Any twenty Members, not being Members of the Council, may nominate one eligible Fellow as a candidate for election as a General Member of the Council, but no Member shall nominate more than one such Fellow. (2) Any nomination made under this By-law sliall be delivered to the Secretary six weeks at least before the Annual General Meeting, and shall be in the following form:- “We, the undersigned, Members of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland, do hereby certify that A.B., of (registered address) , a Fellow of this Institute, is, in our estimation, a fit and proper person to be a General Member of the Council of the Institute, and we do hereby nominate him as a Candidate for election as a General Member of the Council.” (3) Any such nomination may consist of several documents in like form, each signed by one or more Members.(The name of every candidate nominated in accordance with By-law 26 will be included in the Balloting List.) By-law 24.-(2) NOperson who has been elected as a District Member of the Council for any year of Office shall be eligible for election as a General Member of the Council for that year of Osee, and if such person is elected as President, Vice-president or Treasurer for that year of Office he shall vacate his Office as a District Member of the Council and the vacancy shall be filled up, as on a casual vacancy.The General Members of Council who retire at the next Annual General Meeting, 3rd March, 1941,in accordance with the By-laws and are ineligible for re-election are as follows:- General Members of Council. Alfred Louis Bacharach, M.A. Peter Ferguson Gordon, Ph.D., A.H.-W.C. Herbert Henry Hodgson, M.A., Ph.D. George Ring, M.Sc. Tf7illiam Stewart Patterson, D.Sc. John Weir, M.A., Ph.D. Nominations for the new Council must be delivered at the Institute before 2.30 p.m. on 20th January, 1941. 392 District Members of Council.-The District Members of Council will be as follows:- (i) Birmingham and Midlands: Garfield Thomas, M.Sc.(ii) Bristol and South-Western Counties : Allan Cuthbertson Monk- house, B.Sc., Ph.D. (iii) East Midlands and South Yorkshire: Edwin Gregory, M.Sc., Ph.D. (iv) Liverpool and North-West Coast : Raymond Renard Butler, M.Sc. (v) London and South-Eastern Counties : Mark Bogod, A.R.C.S. (vi) Manchester and District : Joseph Henry Lester, M.Sc. (vii) Newcastle upon Tyne and North-East Coast : Sigurd Walfrid Albert Wikner. (viii) Yorkshire: Henry Webster Moss, A.R.C.Sc.1. (ix) Edinburgh and East of Scotland: Walter George Hiscock, B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.). (x) Aberdeen and North of Scotland: John Steele Allan. (xi) Glasgow and West of Scotland: James Wilfred Cook, Ph.D., D.Sc. (Lond.), F.R.S. (xii) Wales and the County of Monmouth: Ernest Edward Ayling, M.Sc., A.K.C.(xiii) Northern Ireland : William Honneyman, B.Sc., Ph.D. (xiv) Irish Free State: Thomas Joseph Nolan, B.A., D.Sc. (xv) The Overseas Dominions and elsewhere abroad : Norman Lindsay Sheldon, C.I.E., Ph.D. In order to facilitate identification, Fellows and Associates are asked to give their full initials on communications addressed to the Institute. In the prevailing circumstances, Fellows and Associates are also asked not invariably to expect formal acknowledgments of communications addressed to the Institute unless replies are necessary. Active Service.-Fello ws, Associ at es ,and Reg i stered Students who are on active service with the Navy, Army and Air Force are requested to notify the Registrar of the Institute, giving such particulars as may be permissible, as to their rank, unit, etc.Examinations.-It is hoped to arrange Examinations for the AssoFiateship and Fellowship in April, 1941. Intending candidates are asked to complete and return forms of application for admission to the Examinations as early as possible. Candidates whose applications have been accepted will be 393 given full information at the earliest moment, and may then forward their entry forms and pay the required fees. Associates who desire to present themselves for Examination for the Fellowship are asked to forward their applications for consideration by the Council, and not to wait for a notification in the JOURNAL of the exact times and places of the Examinations. Notices to Associates.-The Council desires to encourage all Associates to qualify for the Fellowship.Copies of the regulations and forms of application can be obtained from the Registrar. Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates who are available for appointments, or are desirous of extending their opportunities, is kept at the offices of the Institute. For full information, inquiries should be addressed to the Registrar. The Library.-The Library of the Institute is open for the use of Fellows, Associates, and Registered Students between the hours of 10a.m. and 6 p.m. on week-days (Saturdays, 10a.m. and I p.m.), except when examinations are being held. The Library is primarily intended for the use of candidates during the Institute’s practical examinations.Under the Deed of Agreement between the Chemical Society, the Institute of Chemistry and the Society of Chemical Industry, dated July, 1935,the comprehensive Library of the Chemical Society is available for the use of Fellows, Associates and Registered Students of the Institute wishing to consult or borrow books. Owing to the war, the Library cannot now be available during the usual hours. It will be open from 10a.m. to 5 p.m. from Monday to Friday, but for the present will re- main closed on Saturdays. Members and Students of the Insti- tute using the Library of the Society are required to conform to the rules of the Society regarding the use of its books.The Institute has entered into an arrangement with The Science Library, Science Museum, South Kensington, S.W.7, whereby books may be borrowed on production of requisitions signed by the Registrar or the Assistant Secretary of the Institute. In addition to its comprehensive sets of literature on cognate subjects, which are not available in specialised libraries, this Library contains an exceptionally extensive collection of works 394 on chemistry. Nine thousand scientific and technical periodicals are received regularly in the Library. All publications added to the Library are recorded in its Weekly Bibliography of Pure and Applied Science, which has a wide circulation among research workers and institutions. Boots’ Booklovers Library.-Under the arrangements made on behalf of Fellows and Associates of the Institute, subscriptions to Boots’ Booklovers Library expire on 1st March.The subscriptions rates are 6s. 6d. for Class B, and 16s. 6d. for Class A. Application forms can be obtained from the Registrar of the Institute. Further information is obtainable from the Head Librarian, Boots’ Booklovers Library, Stamford Street, London, S.E.I. Lewis’s Lending Library .-Any Fellow or Associate who is not already acquainted with this Library of scientific and technical books may obtain a copy of the Prospectus from the Registrar of the Institute. Covers for Journal.-Members who desire covers (IS. 2d. each) for binding the JOURNAL in annual volumes, are requested to notify the Registrar of their requirements, indicating the years for which the covers are required.Arrangements may be made with Messrs A. W. Bain & Co., Ltd., 17-19, Bishop’s Road, Cambridge Heath, London, E.2, to bind volumes of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGSon the following terms: buckram cover, IS. zd.; binding, 2s. 9d.; postage and packing, gd.; in all, 4s. 8d. Lantern Slides for Lecturers.-A collection of slides is kept at the Institute for the use of members who are giving lectures. Enquiries should be addressed to the Registrar. As the slides are frequently in demand, members are requested to notify their requirements at least 14 days before the date on which the slides are to be used. Changes of Address.-In view of the expense involved through frequent alterations of addressograph plates, etc., Fellows, Associates and Registered Students who wish to notify changes of address are requested to give, so far as possible, their permanent addresses for registration.395 All requests for changes in the Register should be addressed to the Registrar, and not to the Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections. Copies of “TheProfession of Chemistry” (Fourth Edition, 1938) will be supplied gratis to any Fellow, Associate or Regis- tered Student who has not yet received one, on application to the Registrar. Correspondence should normally be addressed to 30, Russell Square, London, W.C.1; but should Members, Registered Students or other correspondents find difficulty in communicating with the Institute, urgent enquiries may be addressed to the Registrar, at 9, Westbury Road, Woodside Park, Finchley, London, N.12. Telephone number: Hillside 1859. 396 Institute of Chemistry Benevolent Fund Founded in 1920 as a memorial to Fellows, Associates and Students who died in the service of their country, 1914-18. Contributions may be forwarded to The Hon. Treasurer, BENEVOLENT OFFUND,INSTITUTE CHEMISTRY, 30, RUSSELLSQUARE, W.C.I.LONDON, APPOINTMENTS REGISTER Fellows and Associates are reminded to notify the Institute of suitable vacancies for qualified chemists. All communications to be addressed to the Registrar. 397 ATTENDANCES AT MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL AND ~~COMMITTEES, 1sT MARCH TO 2 0 DECEMBER, 1940.Gouncil in C'ouncil C'ommittee Committees A-J.J. Fox, Pres. .. H. V. A. Briscoe, V.-P. F. H. Cam, V.-P. .. T. P. Hilditch, V.-P. .. G. R. Lynch, V.-P. .. Sir Robert Pickard, V.-P. H. A. Tempany, V.-P. J. C. White, Hon. Treas. W.M.Ames .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 2 8 6 1 2 1 0 1 6 1 3 1 0 35 25 17 10 10 16 19 22 5 16 8 9 0 8 2 14 17 0 7 E. B. Anderson .. .. G 2 0 0 A. L. Bacharach .. .. 8 6 8 8 R. R. Butler M. Bogod .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 2 0 2 5 5 3 0 A. Coulthard .. .. .. 1 2 6 2 W. M. CummingJ. C. Drummond F. P. Dunn .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I 0 4 0 i) 1 1 0 5 1 0 1 A. E. Dunstan .. .. 6 0 20 10 L. EynonE. H. Farmer .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 6 5 0 20 5 10 4 4 A.FindlayW. Godden .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 2 ti 1 13 5 12 0 P. F. Gordon .. .. .. 0 0 1 1 E. GregoryA. A. Hall .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 0 1 0 5 5 1 0 J. W. HawleyI. M. Heilbron .. .. .. .. 2 3 1 0 6 0 1 0 H. H. HodgsonT. R. Hodgson.. W. HonneymanR. H. Hopkins..H. Hunter .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 5 0 3 3 2 0 0 3 0 17 0 6 6 i) 5 0 0 0 1 G. King.. .. L. H. LampittJ. H. Lester .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 3 5 0 4 17 12 0 0 6 0 P. Lewis-Dale .. .. 4 3 3 0 G. W. Monier-Williams .. 5 5 5 1 A. C. Monkhouse .. .. 5 4 5 0 H. w. Moss .. .. .. 0 0 5 0 J. R. Nicholls .. .. 7 5 5 2 8 T. J. Nolan .. .. .. 0 0 5 0 D. W. Parkes .. .. .. 2 0 5 0 W. S. Patterson .. .. 1 1 0 0 A.J. Prince .. .. .. 4 0 12 2 T. F. E. Rhead .. .. 1 0 0 0 W. H. Roberts.. .. .. 1 0 5 1 F.M.Rowe .. .. .. 63 1 6 0 N. L. Sheldon .. .. 3 0 0 S. B. Watkins .. .. .. 7 1 > 0 J. Weir ., .. .. .. 0 0 1 0