Effects of indeloxazine, a new compound which has been thought to block reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, on cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites were evaluated in 11 patients with dementia. Treatment with 90 mg/day of indeloxazine for 6–8 weeks resulted in significant reduction in methoxyhydroxyphenylen glycol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in these patients. These findings are consistent with results reported in experimental animals. The mode of action with respect to changes in monoamine metabolites and therapeutic implications of this compound are discusse