Acute renal failure following administration of radiographic contrast material is being reported with increasing frequency. In this study the clearance and extraction of iodinated contrast material by peritoneal dialysis was determined in a patient who became anuric following drip infusion pyelography. During 64 h of dialysis the serum iodide concentration decreased by a factor of 10, the peritoneal clearance of iodide was 12.1 ml/min, and 56% of the administered iodide was removed. These results suggest that contrast materials can be removed by dialysis if nephrotoxicity develops.