A case of a 6-year-old boy is referred. Ophthalmological findings suggested sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis. Only very distinct neurological alterations could be found. Positive measle titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid and positive subacute sclerosing panencephalitis factors proved the diagnosis. While the first eye showed a macular scar and mild optic neuritis the second eye developed the acute stage of retinal lesion and immediate visual loss. Differential diagnosis and possible therapeutical aspects are discussed.