In 5 years the maternal and infant care projects of the Children's Bureau have had significant impact. They have extended comprehensive maternal health services to significant numbers of women of low socioeconomic status, apparently have catalyzed a reduction in infant and perinatal mortality, and have demonstrated models for maternal and infant care to medical students and other members of the health team. The projects have also revealed problems in the administration of health services by political subdivisions, difficulties in evaluation of service programs, and a sincere concern about maintenance of standards of care.