M cells play a critical role in the generation of protective secretory immunity against intestinal pathogens. For this reason, they have become an important focus for studies on oral vaccine development. In this review, we outline the work on M cells reported in the past year, with particular emphasis on findings that have relevance to vaccine development. The most important findings in this regard are the demonstration of antibody-enhanced M-cell targeting and the analysis of increased M-cell numbers in response toSalmonellainfection.