Subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) treatment of renal anemia was performed in four boys and eight girls on CAPD, aged 0.8–12.5 (mean 7.4) years. In contrast to previous studies, our therapeutic goal was not set with a hematocrit of 30% but with full correction of anemia. Following a maximum weekly rHuEpo dosage of median 120 (range 100–240) IU/kg body weight, hcmatocrit increased in 10 children from 24 (14–29)%) within 12 (4–17) weeks to 40.1 (33.5–48.4)%. The weekly increase in hematocrit was 1.27 (0.5–3.1)%. The corrected reticulocyte count increased from I.3 (0.7–1.8)% to 2.3 (1.4–3.9)% within 4 (2–6) weeks. Eight childrcn fulfilled the protocol; six with an uncomplicated course were able to maintain a hematocrit of 37.1 (35.1–42.7)% with only one sc medication per week of approximately two‐thirds of their highest weekly rHuEpo dosage. No serious adverse effect of rHuEpo