July, 19731 THE ANALYST ixPlease mentionTHE ANALYSTwhen replying to advertisementsAPPOINTMENTS VACANT~~~ ~LANCASHIRE COUNTY COUNCILCounty Analyst's DepartmentASSISTANT ANALYSTSalary AP. 4/5 f;Z,lOO - L2,GGlApplications are invited for the above post from candzdates prefer-ably with G.R.I.C. or A.R.I.C. or with a degree and analyticalexperience in food and drugs analysis. Commencing salary willdepend upon qualifications and experience. N. J.C. for Local Author-ities A.P.T. and C Conditions of Service will apply.The post will be superannuable and subject to medical fitness.Applications should be made to the County Medical Officer ofHealth, Serial No. 9545, East Cliff County Offices, Preston, andreturned within 14 days of the appearance of this advertisement.Preference will be given to applications received from L. G.Officersserving in the North-West.DECEN Nl AL INDEXESTO THE ANALYST1906-1915t .. fZ*lO1916-1925* . . f2.101936-1945* . . €2.10l9461955* .. €51956-1965* . . €6.75Bound in cloth boardst Paper boundObtainable fromThe Society for Analytical ChemistryBook Deportment9/10 Savile Row,London, WIX IAFChief AnalystWith knowledge of X-RayFluorescence techniquesRockware Glass Limited i s one of the leading UK manufacturers of glass containers.We are now seeking a Chief Analyst to run our six-strong Central Analytical Depart:ment a t the Company's head office in Greenford, Middlesex. As well as assisting withdevelopment and technical work in the Technical Division, this department providesan analytical service for our five factories located in various parts of the country.Duties for the Chief Analyst will include the immediate supervision of the analysis ofsilicate materials by X-Ray Fluorescence and conventional solution methods and theadministration of the department's work load under the general supervision of theHead of the Materials Development and Control Department.After an initial periodof 1 2 months in Greenford (requiring a certain amount of travel), he will then bebased in Yorkshire.Ideally, applicants will be aged between 25-35 with a minimum LRlC qualification,though ARlC or equivalent is preferred. He is also required to have had at least fiveyears' experience in an analytical laboratory. A first-hand knowledge of X-RayFluorescence analysis or similar techniques would be a distinct advantage.Analysts who feel they are able to meet the requirements of this interesting andprogressive appointment, are invited to write, giving full career details, to the HeadOffice Personnel Officer.ROCKWARE GLASS LIMITEDRockware Avenue, Greenford, MiddleseX THE ANALYST LTulv, 1973IMPERIAL COLLEGEASSISTANT RESEARCH OFFICER/RESEARCH OFFICERApplications are invited for work in the analyticalinstrumentation laboratory of the Department ofChemical Engineering and Chemical Technology.Applicants should have a university degree orits equivalent, together with practical experienceof mass spectrometric and spectroscopicmethods of analysis in research. Some back-ground knowledge of computing is desirable.The laboratory develops techniques for specificresearch projects and investigates new 'on-line'computer applications of analytical instruments , for process control.A 'real-time' computersystem links with a range of techniques which~ include mass spectrometry, spectrophotometry,gas and liquid chromatography, and theircorn binations.Salary will be in the ranges %I155 to S2238: or€2397 to S2874 plus London allowance, depend-ing upon qualifications and experience.Applications in writing giving full details withtwo referees t o Professor A. R. Ubbelohde,C.B.E., F.R.S., Imperial College, London SW72AZ.BOOKSM 0 N OG RAPH SREPRINTSorders for all publications ofthe Society (except journals)should be sent direct or througha bookseller to-THE SOCIETY FORANALYTICAL CHEMISTRYBook Department9/10 Savile Row,London, WIX IAFMONOGRAPHSFOR TEACHERSModernAnalyticalMethodsby D.BETTERIDGEand H. E. HALLAMModern Analyfical Methods is one of TheChemical Society's series of paperbackmonographs which present concise andauthoritative accounts of selected welldefined topics in chemistry for those whoteach the subject at 'A' level and above andfor students of further and higher education.It discusses the principles underlying themost important methods of quantitative andqualitative analysis used today. Samplesfor analysis may arise from diverse sourcesand contain a variety of molecules orelements at various levels of concentration.Thus separation methods, organic reagents,nuclear, electrochemical, spectroscopic andtitrimetric methods are amongst those dealtwith in some detail.Within the bounds ofelementary algebra, equations are developedwhich show how the optimum conditions forthe application of a method may be deducedand conditional constants are usedthroughout. The numerous illustrationssupport the text by clarifying principles or byexemplifying important methods which aredealt with briefly because they do not involvenew principles.234pp 75 diagrams $2.00(CS Members 21.50)ISBN 0 85186 759 6Orders enclosing the appropriateremittance, should be sent to:The Publication Sales Officer, TheChemical Society, Blackhorse Road,Letchworth, Herts SG6 1 HN.For information on other titles in the serieswrite to: The Marketing Officer,The Chemical Society, Burlington House,London W1V OBN.THE CHEMICALSOCIETJuly, 19731 THE ANALYST xiSELECTED ANNUALREVIEWSof theANALYTICAL SCIENCESVolume 2 - 1972lust publishedCONTENTSThe Techniques and Theory of ThermalAnalysis Applied t o Studies on InorganicMaterials with Particular Reference toDehydration and Single Oxide Systems- D.DollimoreDevelopments in Ion Exchange -F. VernonThermometric and Enthalpimetric Titri-metry - L. S. Bark, P. Bate and J. K.GrimePp. vi + 149 f5.00; U.S. $13.00Obtainable from-The Society for Analytical Chemistry,Book Department,9/ I0 Savile Row, London, W I X I AFMembers of The Chemical Society may buy personalcopies at the special price of €3.00; U.S.$8.00S PECl ALlST ABSTRACTJOURNALSpublished bySCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCYAtomic Absorption and FlameEmission Spectroscopy AbstractsVol. 5, 1973, bimonthly €30X-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometryAbstractsVol. 4, 1973, quarterly $28Thin-Layer Chromatography AbstractsVol. 3, 1973, bimonthly €28Gas Chromatography-MassSpectrometry AbstractsVol. 4, 1973, quarterly f37Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceSpectrometry AbstractsVol. 3, 1973, bimonthly f30Laser-Raman Spectroscopy AbstractsVol. 2, 1973, quarterly €30X-Ray Diffraction AbstractsVol. 1-2, 1973, quarterly f30Neutron Activation Analysis AbstractsVol. 2-3, 1973, quarterly €30Electron Microscopy AbstractsVol.1, 1973, quarterly €30Liquid Chromatography AbstractsVol. 1, 1973, quarterly €30Electron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyAbstractsVol. 1, 1973, quarterly €30Sample copies on request from:SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY,3 HARRINGTON ROAD,SOUTH KENSINGTON,LONDON, SW7 3ES01-584 808xii [July, 1973 SUMMARIES OF PAPERS IN THIS ISSUEAn Ultramicro- scale Method for the Determination of theUranyl CationA method that requires the use of very simple equipment has beendeveloped whereby the uranyl cation can be determined a t the micro-scaleand ultramicro-scale levels with high precision. The method involves theuse of the catalytic effect shown by the uranyl cation on the photo-decolorisa-tion of a naturally occurring carotenoid-type pigment.The interfering effectsof several common anions and cations are also discussed.GLENN PETER WOODDepartment of Chemistry, University of San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia.Analyst, 1973, 98, 525-528.An Improved Plasma Jet System for Spectrochemical AnalysisThe stability of a plasma jet has been improved by replacing the direct-injection nebuliser with a pre-mixed chamber - nebuliser arrangement of thetype used in flame spectrometry. This arrangement has alleviated manyof the operational problems that were experienced with the original system.As a result of the improved performance, the unit can be operated in con-junction with instantaneous photoelectric read-out. Details of the modifica-tion are given and the stability obtained is demonstrated.The sensitivityof the modified plasma jet has been investigated and detection limits for themost sensitive lines of sixty-seven elements are presented. These detectionlimits are compared with those obtained by using a nitrous oxide - acetyleneflame with the same optical arrangement and detection equipment.J. F. CHAPMAN, L. S. DALE and R. N. WHITTEMAustralian Atomic Energy Commission, Research Establishment, Lucas Heights,New South Wales, Australia.Analyst, 1973, 98, 529-534.A Method for Determining Free Azide Ions by AutomaticAnalysis in the Presence of a Covalent Cephalosporin AzideAn assay was devised in order to follow quantitatively the release ofazide as free ions, N3-, from a cephalosporin azide when attacked by p-lacta-mase enzymes produced by specific strains of bacteria. Experiments werearranged to ascertain whether or not the azide cleavage occurred a t thesame rate as the rupture of the p-lactam ring.The assay was required todetermine free azide a t concentrations between 2 and 20pg ml-1; otherexperimental limitations were imposed by the requirements of enzymolysis.The procedure adopted was based on the complete oxidation of azide ionsto nitrogen by an excess of a standard aqueous solution of nitrite ions a tpH 4.6. The residual nitrite was removed by diazotisation with 4-amino-salicylic acid, followed by coupling of the product with a second moleculeof the 4-aminosalicylic acid. The reaction mixture was then rendered alkalineby the addition of tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution.The finalyellow colour was stable and had an absorption maximum at 440nm. Itwas not possible, however, to achieve sufficient operational reproducibilitymanually, and an AutoAnalyzer system was therefore used.The results show that cleavage of azide from the parent molecule occursa t the same rate as the rupture of the p-lactam ring and parallels the declinein microbiological potency.R. E. WALLERGlaxo Laboratories Ltd., Greenford, Middlesex.Analyst, 1973, 98, 535-541July, 19731 THE ANALYST xiiiPARTICLE SIZEANALYSIS1970THE Society for Ana ytical Chemistryhas published in this book all paperspresented at the Second Particle SizeAnalysis Conference, held in Bradfordin September 1970, and the full discus-sions on them.The 35 papers cover all aspects ofresearch into the subject, basicallycovering the 4-year period since the firstconference was held in Loughboroughin 1966, and include plenary lectures bythe late Professor H.Heywood and byProfessor K. Leschonski. The volumeis a companion to “Particle SizeAnalysis” - the report of the First Con-ference, also published by the Society.Pp. x + 430Price E7.750 btai nable from-THE SOCIETY FOR(Book Department),9/10 Savile Row, London, WIX 1AFANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,Members of The Chemical Society may buypersonal copies at the special price of €6.25TR .ACE ELEMENTANALYSISP RO BLEMS?Activation Analysis could be the answer. Thistechnique offers the advantages of high sensitivityand specificity, good accuracy and precision, even atsub-p.p.m. concentrations.A bulk analysis isobtained, often non-destructively. The maindisadvantage (the need for a nuclear reactor) can beovercome by making use of the Activation AnalysisService provided by the Universities Research Reactor.If you would like to discuss your particular problem,or would like to receive further details, please contact:Dr. G. R. Gilmore (Activation Analyst),Activation Analysis Service,Universities Research Reactor,Risley,Nr. Warrington,Lancs.Phone: Warr. 32680,33114BUREAU OF ANALYSEDSAMPLES LTD.announce the issue of the followingNEW SAMPLESChemical StandardsNo. 387 Nimonic 901 Alloy (12% Cr,6% Mo) Also available asspectroscopic standard.No. 389 High Purity Magnesite stan-dardised for B203No.390 High Tensile Brass (BS 2874CZ 114)Spectroscopic StandardsNos. 651-655 Malleable Irons contain-ing increments of C,Si, Mn, S and PNos. 666-670 Nodular Irons contain-ing increments of C ,Si, Mn, S, Ni and MgFor further details please write to:-NEWHAM HALL, NEWBY,MIDDLESBROUGH, TEESSIDE, ENGLAND.TS8 9EAor Telephone 0642 3721xiv SUMMARIES OF PAPERS I N THIS ISSUEThe Histochemical Detection of Soya “Novel Proteins” inComminuted Meat ProductsThe enforcement of the regulations governing meat and meat productsrequires the determination of meat content. Meat content is assessed fromthe total nitrogen content, from which suitable deductions are made for thenitrogen contributed by the other ingredients of significant nitrogen contentpresent in meat and meat products.The availability of “novel proteins”and the possibility of the addition of these proteins to meat products necessi-tates the detection and determination of “novel proteins” in such productsfor the true assessment of their meat content. A microscopical method thatindicates the presence of “novel protein” of soya origin in meat products hasbeen examined. This method involves the use of a specific technique todemonstrate the presence of carbohydrate material and is diagnostic forthe cellular fraction of many processed soya products.M. COOMARASWAMY and F. OLGA FLINTProcter Department of Food and Leather Science, The University, Leeds 2.Analyst, 1973, 98, 542-545.Interference of Carbon Dioxide, Resulting from the SchonigerFlask Combustion of Organofluorine Compounds, in theTitrimetric Determination of FluorineCarbon dioxide produced during the Schoniger flask combustion oforganofluorine compounds has been found to interfere in the titrimetricdetermination of fluorine. When thorium nitrate that had been standardisedagainst sodium fluoride solution was used, the fluorine content found wasconsistently 93 per cent. of theory. This interference was overcome by addingsodium carbonate to the solution used for standardisation before titration.For detection of the titration end-point, an improved indicator, methylthymolblue, was used.By using this procedure, compounds containing between 4 and 30 percent. of fluorine, either in a CF, or C F group, have been assayed satisfactorily.No interference from nitrogen, sulphur or chlorine contained in some of thecompounds was observed.WILLIAM F. HEYESInternational Development Laboratory, E. R. Squibb & Sons Ltd., Moreton, Cheshire.Analyst, 1973, 98, 546-549