Herpetic involvement of the endometrium, a site not previously described, was identified by characteristic intranuclear inclusions within the glandular epithelium. The relationship between herpetic infection of the female genital tract and neonatal herpesvirus infection is discussed. The present case report raises the possibility that some instances of fetal infection may be acquired from a placenta formed from already-infected endometrium. The correlative association between genital herpes and cervical carcinoma suggests the possibility that a similar relationship may emerge for other genital sites. Careful histologic study of uterine curettings and placental tissue can be invaluable in elucidating these relationships.