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Toelle, H., Jaerling, R., Schulz, A., Scholze, H., Equip- ment for the excitation of a glow discharge for atomic spectroscopy, Exp. Tech. Phys., 1985, 33, 229. (GDR). Iotov, Ts., Georgieva, M., Hybrid atomiser for atomic absorption spectrometry, Bulg. 1. Phys., 1985, 12, 127. (Fac. Phys., Univ. Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria). Strelow, F. W. E., Separation of traces and large amounts of lead from gram amounts of bismuth, tin, cadmium and indium by cation exchange chromatography in hydroch- loric acid - methanol using a macroporous resin, Anal. Chem., 1985, 57, 2268. (Natl.Chem. Res. Lab., CSIR, Pretoria 0001, South Africa). Kabil, M. A., Abdallah, A. M., Diab, M. A., Aggour, Y. A., Extraction of lead ion solutions using poly- acrylonitrile - and acrylonitrile - charcoal composite, Fresenius Z . Anal. Chem., 1985, 321, 495. (Fac. Sci., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, Egypt). 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K., Determination of traces of copper, lead and cadmium in iron ores and limestone samples by ion exchange and atomic absorption spectrometry, Indian J. Technol., 1985,23(2), 77. (North East. Reg. Geol. Surv. India, Shillong, 793 003, India).76R 861738.861739. 861740. 861741. 861742. 861743. 861744. 861745. 861746. 861747, 861748. 861749. 86/750. 86/75 1. JOURNAL OF Toyoda, K., Haraguchi, H., Determination of rare earth elements in geological standard rock samples by induc- tively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Chem. Lett., 1985, (7), 981. (Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan). Vall, G. A., Atomic emission, atomic absorption and flame photometric determination of impurity elements in native gold after matrix separation with 0-isopropyl N-methyl- thiocarbamate, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1985, 40, 1049. (East- Sib. Sci. Res. Inst. Geol. Geophys., Irkutsk, USSR). Ma, Y., Su, W., Sun, D., Determination of lead in water sediments and coal fly ashes by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using a temperature-stabilised pyrographite tube lined with tungsten and tantalum, Fenxi Huaxue, 1985,13,379.(Inst. Environ. Chem., Acad. Sin., Beijing, China). Jin, F., Jing, Y., Direct determination of lead, cadmium and nickel in soils by atomic absorption spectrometry, Fenxi Huaxue, 1985,13,385. (Inst. Environ. Prot., Minist. Agric., China), Castillo, J. R., Mir, J. M., Martinez, C., Val, J., Colon, M. P., Influence of oxidising agents in lead determination by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy after hydride gener- ation, Mikrochim. Acta, 1985, 1, 253. (Sci. Fac., Univ. Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain). Solomatin, V. S., Lakeeva, N. I., Zakharova, T. I., Pislyakov, V. N., Atomic emission determination of impurity elements in trimethyl- and triethylarsine after chemical separation, Zh.Anal. Khim., 1985, 40, 1054. (USSR). L’vov, B. V., Fernandez, G. J. A., Ryabchuk, G. N., Effect of hydrogen on atomisation of oxides in graphite furnaces for atomic absorption analysis, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1985, 40, 792. (M. I. Kalinin Leningrad Polytech Inst., Leningrad, USSR). Frank, A., Petersson, L. R., Direct current plasma atomic emission spectrometer as a simultaneous multi-element tool for analysis of biological materials, Kem. - Kemi, 1985, 12, 426. (Dept. Chem., Natl. Vet. Inst., Uppsala, Sweden). Schindler, E., Composite procedure to determine chro- mium in muscle meat, liver and kidneys of slaughtered animals, Dtsch. Lebensm.-Rundsch., 1985, 81(8), 250. (Oberrat Bundesanst. Lebensmitteluntersuch., A-8010 Graz, Austria). Jones, K. C., Peterson, P.J., Davies, B. E., Minski, M. J., Determination of silver in plants by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry and neutron activation analysis, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 1985,21,23. (Chelsea Coll., Univ. London, London SWlO OQR, UK). Alexandrov, S., Lead sulphide as a sorbent for the pre-concentration of mercury from air and .determination of mercury by atomic emission spectroscopy, Fresenius 2. Anal. Chem., 1985, 321, 578. (Fac. Chem., Univ. Sofia, BG-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria). Li, G., Collisional quenching phenomenon and its interfer- ence in atomic absorption, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1985,5,31. (HunanProv. Inst. Test. Anal., China). Sua, Y., Sui, Y., Wang, L., Determination of trace mercury in chemical exploration samples by flameless nondispersive atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, Guang- puxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1985,5(2), 36.(Chem. Explor. Group, Qinghai Geol. Bur., China). Zhang, J., Liu, L., Determination of chromium in vanadotitanomagnetite using ammonium perchlorate as an interference inhibitor by flame atomic absorption, Guang- puxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1985, 5(2), 61. (Cent. South Coll. Min. Metall., Changsha, China). ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, JUNE 1986, VOL. 1 86/752. Korzhanovskaya, V. S., Pukhovskaya, V. M., Savinova, E. N., Atomic emission determination of tin and lead in basic and ultrabasic rocks, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1985,40, 840. (V. I. Vernadskii Inst. Geochem. Anal. Chem., Moscow, USSR). 861753. Yoshimura, C., Huzino, T., Direct determination of aluminium fluoride and aluminium phosphate by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry in the presence of carbon black, Nippon Kugaku Kaishi, 1985, (7), 1392.(Fac. Sci. Eng., Kinki Univ., Higashiosaka 577, Japan). Papers 86lC754-861C760 were presented at the Second National Symposium on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel, 4th September, 1985. 86/C754. Taylor, H. E., Application of ICP-MS in hydrogeochem- ical research programs, (US Geological Survey, 5293 Ward Road, Arvada, CO 80002, USA). Lorber, A., Goldbart, Z., Brenner, I. B., A new approach to background and spectral interferences correction for trace elements analysis of geological materials, (Nuclear Res. Centre-Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel). 86lC756. Brenner, I. B., Lorber, A., Goldbart, Z., Trace element analysis of silicate rocks by direct insertion of a graphite cup into an ICP, (Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St., Jerusalem, Israel).86lC757. Taylor, H. E., Recent developments in instrumental analytical chemistry for use in water quality programs, (US Geological Survey, 5293 Ward Road, Arvada, CO 80002, USA). 86lC758. Halicz, L., Russell, G. M., The simultaneous determina- tion of As, Sb, Se and Te in sulphide ores and silicate rocks containing gold and platinum group metals by ICP-AES technique after hydride generation, (Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St., Jerusalem, Israel). Avigur, A., Brenner, I. B., Interference effects due to calcium, magnesium and sodium in trace element analysis of geological and related materials by DCP-AES, (Negev Phosphates, Israel).Hoffer, D., Eldad, H., Shiloni, Y., Interference effects in multitrace element analysis of phosphate rocks by ICP- AES, (National Phosphate Survey, Negev Phosphates Ltd., Israel). 861C755. 86/C759. 86lC760. Paper 86lC761 was presented at the Vth International Environment and Safety Conference, Olympia, London, 16-19th September, 1985. 86/C761. Eastwood, I. W., Newell, P. S., Jackson, K. W., Wild, M. S., Determination of lead in vegetation by a direct solid sample microsampling-cup atomic absorption procedure and its application in environmental monitoring, (Sheffield City Polytechnic, Wentworth Woodhouse, Wentworth, Rotherham, UK). Papers 86IC762-86lC787 were presented at the Post CSI XXIV Symposium on Selected Topics from Graphite Furnace and Hydride- Generation AAS, Meersburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 23-24th September, 1985.86lC762. Holcombe, J. A,, Bass, D. A., Christopher, G., McNally, J., Surface reactions in graphite furnaces, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA). 86lC763. Huettner, W., Busche, C., Structure and reactivity of carbon materials in use as atomisation furnaces, (Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik GmbH, D-6300 Giessen, FRG). Ortner, H. M., Welz, B., Schlemmer, G., Wegscheider, W., Sychra, V., Evaporation surfaces and materials of ETA- AAS-a not merely morphological study, (Metall- werk Plansee GmbH, A-6600 Reutte, Austria). 86lC764. 86lC765. Lee, M., Brown, A. A,, Peak profile and appearance times using totally pyrolytic cuvettes in furnace applications, (Pye Unicam Ltd., York Street, Cambridge CB1 2PX, UK).JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, JUNE 1986, VOL.1 77R 861C766. 861C767. 86lC768. 861C769. 86lC770. 861C771. 861C772. 861C773. 861C774. 861C775. 861C776. 86fC777. 86/C778. 86lC779. 86lC780. 86/C781. Schlemmer, G., Welz, B., Influence of the tube surface on the atomisation behaviour of refractory elements in a heated graphite atomiser, (Dept. Appl. Res., Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer & Co. GmbH, D-7770 Uberlingen, FRG). Styris, D. L., Elucidating atomisation mechanisms by simultaneous mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, (Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA). Sychra, V., Kolihova, D., HlavaE, R., Doleial, J., Piischel, P., Formanek, Z., Advances in metal-based electrother- mal atomisers, (Inst.Chem. Technol., Dept. AAS, 166 28 Prague 6, Czechoslovakia). Frech, W., Lindberg, A. 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Jiii DZtdina, Optimisation of hydride generation methods in AAS, (Inst.Nuclear Biology and Radiochemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Videiiska 1083, 142 20 Prague, CSSR). Shrader, D. E., Voth-Beach, L. M., Automated atomic absorption vapour generation-applications and interfer- ences, (Varian Associates-AARC, 205 W. Touhy Avenue, Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA). Agterdenbos, J., Bax, D., Mechanisms in hydride genera- tion AAS, (Analytisch Chemisch Laboratorium der Rijk- suniversiteit Croesestraat 77a, 3522 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands). Sturgeon, R. E., Willie, S. N., Berman, S. S., Hydride generation GFAAS: new prospects, (Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A OR9, Canada). Dittrich, K., Mandry, R., Udelnow, Ch., Hydride atomisa- tion in graphite furnace atomisers, (Karl-Marx-Universitat Leipzig, Sektion Chemie, WB Analytik, DDR-7010 Leip- zig, Talstr.35, GDR). 86lC783. 861C784. 861C785. 861C786. 86/C787. Papers 86/C78&86/C922 were presented at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS), Philadelphia, PA, USA, September 29th-October 4th, 1985. 861C788. Boorn, A. W., Arrowsmith, P., Douglas, D. J., Fulford, J. E., ICP-MS: Current status and future developments, (SCIEX, 55 Glen Cameron Rd., Thornhill, ON L3T 1P2, Canada). Horlick, G., Tan, S. H., Vaughan, M. A., Shao, Y., Quantitative performance of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada). Meier, A. L., Lichte, F. E., Analysis of geologic materials with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, (US Geol.Survey, Denver Federal Center, PO Box 25046, MS 955, Denver, CO 80225, USA). McLaren, J. W., Beauchemin, D. A., Mykytiuk, A. P., Berman, S. S., Applications of ICP-MS to marine samples, (Anal. Chem. Sect., Chem. Div., Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OR9, Canada). Long, S. E., Brown, R. M., Pickford, C. J., Matrix effects in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, (Envi- ronmental and Medical Sci., B551, AERE, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 ORA, UK). Gray, A. L., ICP mass spectrometry for solid samples using laser ablation sample introduction, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK). Kargacin, M. E., Barnes, R. M., Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of wood, (Univ.Massachusetts, Dept. Chem., GRC Towers, Amherst, MA 01003-0035, USA). Boorn, A. W., Liversage, R. R., Quan, E. S. K., Analysis of organic solutions by ICP-MS, (SCIEX, 55 Glen Cameron Rd., Thornhill, ON L3T 1P2, Canada). Hieftje, G. M., Vickers, G. H., Wilson, D. A., A new rapid-scanning ICP-MS instrument with negative ion capability, (Dept. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA). Stockwell, P. B., Grillo, A., Computer-controlled elec- trothermal vaporiser for ICP and ICP-MS spectroscopy, (PS Analytical, Arthur House, Cray Avenue, Orpington, Kent BR5 3TR, UK). 861C798. Hutton, R. C., Shaw, C . J., Cantle, J. E., Further observations of performance criteria in ICP-MS, (VG Instruments, Ion Path, Road Three, Winsford, Cheshire, UK). 861C789. 861C790.861C791. 861C792. 86/C793. 861C794. 86/C795. 861C796. 861C797.78R JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, JUNE 1986, VOL. 1 86lC799. 86lC800. 86lC801. 86lC802. 86lC803. 86/C804. 86lC805. 86lC806. 861C807. 86lC808. 86lC809. 86lC810. 86lC811. 86fC812. 86lC813. 86lC814. 86lC815. 86lC8 16. Warner, I. M., Oldham, P. B., Patonay, G., Evaluation of a.c. stabilisation of d.c. arc lamps for spectroscopic applications, (Dept. Chem., Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA). Mandelstam, S. L., Spectroscopy of highly ionised atoms, (Inst. Spectroscopy, USSR Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow r-n, 142092, USSR). Parsons, M. L., Faires, L. M., Palmer, B., Lyon, R., FT-ICP-AES Fourier mode data evaluation, (Los Alamos Natl. Lab., Los Alamos, NM, USA). Marra, S., Horlick, G., Signal-to-noise ratio characteris- tics of an inductively coupled plasma Fourier transform spectrometer, (Dept.Chem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada). Edelson, M. C., DeKalb, E. L., Winge, R. K., Fassel, V. A., The isotopic and elemental assay of plutonium by inductively coupled plasma atomic multi-element emission spectroscopy, (Ames Laboratory, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA). Karanassios, V., Horlick, G., Spectral characteristics of a new spectrometer design for atomic emission spec- trometry, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada). Busch, K. W., Benton, L. D., A novel time-multiplexed atomic spectrometer for multi-element analysis, (Chem. Dept., Baylor Univ., Waco, TX, USA). Chan, S.- K., Van Hoven, R., Montaser, A., Progress report on the generation and characterisation of an annular helium inductively coupled plasma for atomic emission spectroscopy, (Dept.Chem., George Washing- ton Univ., Washington, DC 20052, USA). Wolnik, K. A., Fricke, F. L., Seliskar, C. J., Fehringer, N. V., Walters, S. M., Evaluation of a reduced pressure helium plasma as a GC detector for halogenated com- pounds, (USFDA, 1141 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA). Thompson, M., Recent improvement in ICP-AES, (Dept. Geology, Imperial Coll. of Sci. Technol., London SW7 2BP, UK). Scheeline, A., White, J. S., Kamla, G. J., Progress in theta pinch emission spectroscopy, (Sch. Chemical Sci., Univ. Illinois, 1209 W. California Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA). King, F. L., Jr., Marcus, R.K., Harrison, W. W., Analysis of metals and compacted samples by hollow cathode plume mass spectrometry, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA). Voigtman, E., Winefordner, J. D., How lock-in amplifiers and boxcars really work, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 3261 1, USA). White, R. T., Jr., Douthit, G. E., Microwave oven method utilising a nitric acid - hydrogen peroxide digestion to prepare botanical materials for elemental analysis by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy, (R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. R&D Dept., BGTC 611-13W, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, USA). Cousins, J. C., Scheeline, A., Development of a source for spark microanalysis, (Univ. Illinois, Dept. Chem., 1209 W. California, Urbana, IL 61301, USA).Marcus, R. K., King, F. L., Jr., Harrison, W. W., Direct solids analysis by hollow cathode plume atomic emission, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA). Burns, B. A., Boss, C. B., Atomic emission from a highly-efficient , low-power, microwave plasma, (Dept. Chem., Box 8204, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, Goode, S. R., Kimbrough, K., Noise sources in the microwave-induced plasma GC detector, (Dept. Chem., Univ. South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA). NC 27695-8204, USA). 86lC817. Pruszkowska, E., Yates, D., Ediger, R., Advantages of using automated parameter controls in an ICP system, (Perkin-Elmer Corp., 761 Main Avenue, Norwalk, CT 86/C818. Goulter, J. E., Tasker, D. B., Fundamental design considerations for low power low flow sample introduction and excitation in ICP-AES, (Applied Research Lab., Inc., 9545 Wentworth St., Sunland, CA 91040, USA).Goldberg, J., Carney, K., Characterisation of imploding thin film plasmas as atomic spectroscopic sources, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA). 06959-0906, USA). 86lC819. 86lC820. 86lC821. 86lC822. 86lC823. 86lC824. 86/C825. 86lC826. 86lC827. 86lC828. 86lC829. 86lC830. Johnson, E. T., Sacks, R. D., Spectroscopic studies of magnetically confined plasmas generated by a unidirec- tional capacitive discharge, (Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA). Horlick, G., Tan, S. H., Vaughan, M. A,, Rose, C. A., Gillson, G., Effect of plasma operating parameters in analyte signals in ICP-MS with comparisons to ICP-AFS and ICP-AES, (Dept.Chem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada). Ramsey, M. H., Thompson, M., Chemometric correction of matrix effects in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, (Applied Geochem. Res. Group, Dept. Geology, Imperial Coll. of Sci. Technol., London SW7 2BP, UK). LaFreniere, B. R., Houk, R. S., Fassel, V. A., Direct optical probe sampling of radiation from an inductively coupled plasma: analytical and diagnostic studies in the vacuum ultraviolet region, (Ames Lab. and Dept. Chem., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA). Seliskar, C. J., Miller, D. C., Fleitz, P. A., Fannin, H. B., Fundamental properties and applications of reduced pres- sure helium inductively coupled plasmas, (Chem. Dept., Univ. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA).Watters, R. L., Jr., Turk, G. C., Characteristics of aerosols produced by the spark discharge, (Cent. Anal. Chem., Natl. Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA). Lovik, M. A., Scheeline, A,, Condensed material in a high voltage spark: particle dynamics, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Illinois, 1209 W. California, Box 96, Urbana, IL 61801, USA). Shapiro, C. S., Demko, P. R., Automated sample handling and preparation for AAS, (PT Analytical, Inc., Atomic Spectroscopy Applications and Problems Lab., 56 Jonspin Road, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA). Hershey, J. W., Keliher, P. N., Interference reduction studies in hydride generation atomic (AAS and ICP) spectrometry, (Chem. Dept., Villanova Univ., Villanova, PA 19085, USA). Wang, W.- J., Hanamura, S., Winefordner, J. D., Long tube atomic absorption method with independent sample introduction system, (Dept.Chem., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA). Skrabak, J. W., Lancione, R. L., Determination of toxic metals on industrial hygiene air filters by ICP atomic fluorescence spectrometry, (Baird Corp., 125 Middlesex Turnpike, Bedford, MA 01730, USA). 86lC831. Tatro, M. E., Flameless AAS analysis of high purity nickel alloys, (SPECTRA Spectroscopy & Chromatography Spe- cialists, 1528 Lincoln Avenue, Pompton Lakes, NJ 07442, USA). 86/C832. Bradshaw, D. K., The direct determination of selenium in seawater by Zeeman corrected graphite furnace AAS, (Central Chemical Lab., Florida Power Corp., PO Drawer 1090, Crystal River, FL 32629, USA). Alvarez, G. H., Capar, S. G., Determination of tin in foods by hydride generation atomic absorption spec- trometry (HG-AAS), (Food and Drug Admin., Div.Chemical Technology, Washington, DC 20204, USA). 86lC833.JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, JUNE 1986, VOL. 1 79R 86lC834. 861C835. 861C836. 86/C837. 861C838. 86/C839. 861C840. 86lC84 1. 86f C842. 86lC843. 86lC844. 86lC845. 86lC846. 86lC847. 86/C848. 86lC849. Subramanian, K. S., Meranger, J. C., Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with nitric acid- deproteinisation for determination of manganese in human plasma, (Environmental Health Directorate, Health and Welfare Canada, Tunney’s Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A OL2, Canada). Barnett, W. B., Carnrick, G. R., Bohler, W., Slavin, W., Signal handling for graphite furnace analyses by atomic absorption, (Spectroscopy Div., Perkin-Elmer Corp., MIS 906, 901 Ethan Allen Highway, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA).Sturman, B., Delles, F., An improved pneumatic nebuliser for atomic absorption spectrophotometry, (Varian Instru- ment Group, AA Resource Center, 205 W. Touhy Ave., Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA). Voth-Beach, L. M., Evaluation of an alternate matrix modifier for Se in GFAAS analysis, (Varian Instrument Group, AA Resource Center, 205 W. Touhy Ave., Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA). Smith, S. B., Jr., Sainz, M. A., Schleicher, R. G., A new software method for instrument optimisation: optiplex, (Allied Analytical Systems, 598 Lincoln St., Waltham, MA 02154, USA). Schleicher, R. G., Pfeil, D. L., Smith, S. B., Jr., Hollow cathode lamp operation and design for Smith - Hieftje background correction technique, (Allied Analytical Systems, 590 Lincoln St., Waltham, MA 02254, USA).Davis, L. A., Winefordner, J. D., A coherent forward scattering atomic spectrometer, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA). Graves, G. A., White, J. T., 111, Mahadeviah, I., Mincey, D. W., A mercury cold vapour technique employing a sequential trap release method, (Youngstown State Univ., Youngstown, OH 44555, USA). Matthews, E. W., Hooper, R. C., Aqueous total chro- mium: oxidation by cerium(1V); chelation, extraction and determination of chromium, silver and lead by atomic absorption spectrometry, (US Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Atlanta, 6481-H Peachtree Ind. Blvd., Doraville, GA 30340, USA). Faske, A.J., Browner, R. F., Monodisperse aerosol generation interface for combining liquid chromatography with ICP spectrometry (MAGIC-LCIICP), (School of Chem., Georgia Inst. Techno]., Atlanta, GA 30332, USA). Voellkopf, U., Carnrick, G. R., Quantitative trace metal determination in biological material using the solid sam- pling technique and a stabilised temperature platform furnace, (Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer & Co. GmbH, Postfach 1120, D-7770 Uberlingen, FRG). Brumbaugh, W. G., Graphite surface effects on lead atomisation in furnace atomic absorption, (Columbia Natl. Fisheries Res. Lab., Route 1, Columbia, MO 65201, USA). Dabeka, R. W., McKenzie, A. D., Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace and mic- rotrace levels of lead and cadmium in foods after coprecipi- tation with APDC, (Food Res.Div., Health Protection Branch, HWC, Banting Res. Cent., Ottawa, ON K1A OL2, Canada). Winge, R. K., Fassel, V. A., The compromises of compromise experimental conditions for ICP-AES, (Ames Lab. and Dept. Chem., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 5001 1, USA). Kovach, C. F., Mincey, D. W., Ward, W., Analysis of copper plating solutions by ICP, (Youngstown State Univ., 410 Wick Ave., Youngstown, OH 44555, USA). Sebest, D. M., Schroeder, L. A,, Mincey, D. W., Analysis of caterpillar metabolites by ICP, (Youngstown State Univ., Youngstown, OH 44555, USA). 86lC850. 86fC851. 861C852. 861C853. 861C854. 86lC855. 861C856. 861C857. 861C858. 86lC859. 861C860. 861C861. 86lC862. 86lC863. 861C864. 86lC865. 861C866. Zhang, Y. Z., Watters, R.L., Jr., Rains, T. C., Determi- nation of phosphorus in refractory materials by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, (National Bureau of Standards, Center for Anal. Chem., Gaithers- burg, MD 20899, USA). Flora, C., Maggs, S. R., Eldridge, J. R., Determination of impurities in gold bullion by plasma emission spectroscopy for the purpose of reporting purity, (Inco Ltd., Process Technology Dept., Copper Cliff, ON POM ZNO, Canada). Knapp, G., Mechanised sample decomposition for AAS and ICP-OES, (Technical Univ., Graz, Austria). Davis, R. L., Williams, J. C., The determination of trace elements in biological samples using a miniature hollow cathode emission source, (Dept. Chem., Memphis State Univ., Memphis, TN 38152, USA). McDonald, J.T., Williams, J. C., Determination of Na, K and Ca in renal fluids by mini-spark source emission spectroscopy, (Dept. Chem., Memphis State Univ., Mem- phis, TN 38152, USA). Workman, J. M., Bruce, M. L., Caruso, J. A., Fundamen- tal properties of a He MIP utilising a laminar flow torch, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA). Marcus, R. K., King, F. L., Jr., Harrison, W. W., Atomisation and excitation processes in the hollow cathode plume, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Virginia, Charlottes- ville, VA 22901, USA). Coleman, G. N., Anigbogu, V. C., Weeks, N. J., Manning, T. E., Noise and signal-to-noise studies of the d.c. plasma jet, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Alabama, PO Box H, Univer- sity, AL 35486, USA). Workman, J. M., Bruce, M. L., Caruso, J. A., A double centering insert laminar flow torch for MIP studies, (Dept.Chem., Univ. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA). Goldberg, J., Carney, K., Allston, R., Spectroscopic studies of imploding thin film plasmas, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA). Gentry, J. S., Lynch, A. T., Boss, C. B., Measurement of self-absorption and analyte entrainment efficiency in a direct current plasma, (Dept. Chem., Box 8204, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA). Olesik, J. W., Fundamental studies of the inductively coupled plasma using power modulation, (Dept. Chem., Venable and Kenan Laboratories 045A, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA). De Silva, K. N., Guevremont, R., Jamieson, W. D., Enhancement of sensitivity in inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy by aerosol desolvation, (Atlantic Res.Lab., National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 321, Canada). Martin, J. M., Dobbins, J. T., Ihrig, P. J., Quantitation of metals in liquid samples by computer intelligent flow injection inductively coupled plasma emission spec- trometry, (R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. R&D Depart- ment, BGTC 611-13W, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, USA). Brenner, I. B., Lorber, A., Goldbart, Z., Trace element analysis of silicate rocks by direct insertion of a graphite cup into an ICP, (Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St., Jerusalem, Israel). Evans, S. J., Demers, D. R., Vaporised sample introduc- tion to the ICP for the analysis of semiconductor materials, (Baird Corp., 125 Middlesex Turnpike, Bedford, MA 01730, USA).Comtois, R. R., The application of glow discharge-optical emission spectroscopy to routine foundry alloys, (VHG LABS Inc., 140 Hampstead St., Methuen, MA 01844, USA).80R JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, JUNE 1986, VOL. 1 86lC867. 861C868. 86lC869. 86lC870. 86lC871. 861C872. 86lC873. 86lC874. 86lC875. 86lC876. 86lC877. 86lC878. 861C879. 86lC880. 86lC881. 86lC882. 86lC883. Matusiewicz, H., Fricke, F. L., Electrochemical pre- concentration technique for simultaneous multi-element determination in water samples by ICP-AES with elec- trothermal vaporisation, (Elemental Analysis Res. Cent., US Food and Drug Administration, 1141 Central Park- way, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA). Horvath, Zs., Barnes, R.M., Enrichment of trace ele- ments for inductively coupled plasma spectrometry with a polyurea polyaminoacetic-polyiminodiacetic acid (PPA) chelating resin, (Univ. Massachusetts, Dept. Chem., GRC Towers, Amherst, MA 01003-0035, USA). Potter, N. M., Determination of copper in white cast iron by direct current plasma atomic emission spectrometry, (Analytical Chem. Dept., General Motors Research Laboratories, GM Technical Center, Warren, MI 48090- 9055, USA). Hanamura, S., Wang, W.- J., Winefordner, J. D., Determination of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon in nit- rogen gas by helium microwave plasma emission spec- trometry, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA). Wohlers, C. C., Schleicher, R. G., Simultaneous back- ground correction for graphite furnace inductively coupled plasma, (Allied Analytical Systems, 590 Lincoln St., Waltham, MA 02254, USA).Kinsey, W. J., Atomic emission spectroscopy and the pharmaceutical industry, (Beckman Instruments, Inc., PO Box C-19600, Irvine, CA 92713, USA). Boss, C. B., Pearce, M. J., Study of analyte emission signals in flame spectrometry by aerosol modulation, (Dept. Chem., Box 8204, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA). Zink, J. B., A program in BASIC for quantitative optical atomic emission spectrography, (US Bureau of Mines, Avondale Research Center, 4900 LaSalle Rd., Avondale, Hooker, D. B., DeZwaan, J., Elemental analysis of organic microsamples using microwave plasma induced atomic emission, (Physical & Anal. Chem. Res., The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 , USA).McGeorge, S., Lazure, R., Marra, S., Application of a unique diode array spectrometer for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, (PRA International Inc., 45 Meg Drive, London, ON N6E 2V2, Canada). Seltzer, M. D., Dougherty, J. P., Michel, R. G., Laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry in a carbon tube furnace, (Dept. Chem. , Univ. Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA). Dougherty, J. P., Seltzer, M. D., Michel, R. G., Zeeman background correction for laser excited atomic fluores- cence spectrometry in a carbon furnace, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA). Sainz, M. A., Beaty, J. S., Belmore, R. J., Smith, S. B., Jr., Alternatives to the nebuliser in ICP analysis, (Allied Analytical Systems, 590 Lincoln St., Waltham, MA 02154, USA).De Silva, K. N., Guevremont, R., Direct introduction of powder samples in inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, (Atlantic Research Laboratory, Natl. Res. Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 321, Canada). Anigbogu, V. C., Coleman, G. N., Slurry injection d.c. plasma analysis of coal, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Alabama, PO Box H, University, AL 35486, USA). Brown, P. G., Barnes, B., Caruso, J. A., Organicsolvent introduction into a free-running Kuhn oscillator induc- tively coupled plasma, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA). Koropchak, J. A., Winn, D. H., Aluminium speciation by LC-ICP with a novel nebuliser interface, (Dept. Chem., Southern Illinois Univ. , Carbondale, IL 62901 , USA).MD 20782-3393, USA). 86lC884. 86lC885. 861C886. 86lC887. 86lC888. 86lC889. 861C890. 86lC89 1 . 86IC892. 86lC893. 86lC894. 86lC895. 864396. 86lC897. 86lC898. 86lC899. 86/C900. 86lC901. Anigbogu, V. C., Coleman, G. N., Freeman, J. A., Flow injection hydride generation analyses with the d.c. plasma jet, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Alabama, PO Box H, Univer- sity, AL 35486, USA). Cedergren, A., Lundberg, E., Frech, W., A theoretical and experimental study of carbide formation in graphite furnace AAS, (Dept. Anal. Chem., Univ. Umei, S-90187 Umei, Sweden). Hardy, J. M., Holcombe, J. A., Elimination of back- ground correction errors, (USDA, ARS, BHNRC, Nut- rient Composition Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA). Welz, B., Schlemmer, G., Ortner, H. M., How inert is graphite and how reactive is carbon in electrothermal AAS, (Dept.Applied Research, Bodenseewerk Perkin- Elmer & Co. GmbH, D-7770 Uberlingen, FRG). LaFreniere, K. E., Fassel, V. A., Rice, G. W., Comparison of analytical figures of merit of conventional pneumatic, ultrasonic and direct injection nebulisation for sample introduction into ICPs, (Ames Lab., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA). Zicai, C., Barnes, R. M., Characterisation and applica- tions of a recycling nebuliser system for inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, (Univ. Massachusetts, Dept. Chemistry, GRC Towers, Amherst, MA 01003- 0035, USA). Tikkanen, M. W., Arellano, S. D., Goulter, J. E., Routh, M. W., Application of a low power, low flow sample introductionlexcitation system for ICP-AES, (Applied Research Laboratories, Inc., 9545 Wentworth St., Sun- land, CA 91040, USA).Deming, S. N., Sequential simplex optimisation in che- mistry, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Houston, University Park, Houston, TX 77004, USA). Browner, R. F., Faske, A. J., Interfacing liquid chromato- graphy with inductively coupled plasma AES: fundamen- tal considerations, (School of Chem., Georgia Inst. Technol., Atlanta, GA 30332, USA). Hess, K. R., Harrison, W. W., Laser ablation - ionisation mass spectrometry in a glow discharge, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA). Brotherton, T. J., Pfannerstill, P. E., Caruso, J. A., Plasma emission spectrometry with electrothermal vapori- sation for sample introduction, (Dept. Chem. , Univ. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA).Leighty, D. A., Nygaard, D. D., Wohlers, C. C., Schleicher, R. G., Multi-element analysis of waters and wastes by electrothermal volatilisation into an ICP emis- sion spectrometer, (Allied Analytical Systems, 590 Lin- coln St., Waltham, MA 02254, USA). Koirtyohann, S. R., A summary of renewing events in optical spectroscopy, (Dept. Chem., 123 Chemistry Build- ing, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA). Brech, F., Early days of optical spectroscopy and X-ray instrumentation, (Jarrell-Ash (retired), USA). Slavin, W., Impact of selected discoveries in analytical atomic spectroscopy, (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA). Reiss, R. E., A businessman’s view of the development of analytical atomic spectroscopy, (ESA, Inc., 45 Wiggins Ave. , Bedford, MA 01730, USA).Styris, D. L., Furnace atomisation information by real- time atmospheric pressure sampling mass spectrometry, (Pacific Northwest Lab., PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA). Delves, H. T., In situ chemical reactions and analytical accuracy for the determination of Pb by electrothermal AAS, (Trace Element Unit, Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Univ. Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO9 4XY, UK).JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, JUNE 1986, VOL. 1 81R 86/C902. Sturgeon, R. E., Willie, S. N., Berman, S. S., Hydride generation - GFAAS: new prospects, (Div. Chem., Anal. Chem. Section, Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A OR9, Canada). Butler, T. A., Rush, T. A., Rains, T. C., Determination of trace elements in coal by atomic absorption and induc- tively coupled plasma spectrometry, (National Bureau of Standards, Center for Anal.Chem. , Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA). Miller-Ihli, N. J., Slurry sample preparation for simul- taneous multi-element AAS, (USDA, ARS, BHNRC, Nutrient Composition Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA). Rettberg, T. M., Holcombe, J. A., Second surface analysis of complex samples, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA). Voth-Beach, L. M., Optimisation of an automated hydride generator for “interference free” determinations of As and Se, (Varian Instrument Group, AA Resource Center, 205 W. Touhy Ave., Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA). 861C903. 86/C904. 86lC905. 861C906. 86/C907. 86/C908. 86/C909. 861C910.86/C911 86/C912. 86/C9 13. 86/C914. 86x915. 86/C916. 86/C917. 86/C918. Niu, W., Newman, R., Multi-element graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy-application to wear metal analysis, (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Applied Science Div., 2771 N. Garey Ave., Pomona, CA 91767, USA). Lubman, D. M., Tembreull, R., Sin, C. H., Applications of resonant two-photon ionisation in supersonic beams to mass spectrometry, (Dept. Chem. , Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA). Grant, G. C., Keesee, E. E., Increasing the intelligence of existing AAs using on-line microcomputers, (Chem. Dept., Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA 23508, USA). Gonzalez, H., Fernandez, A., Romero, R. A., Total lead content at Maracaibo City: a model for metal transport, (Laboratorio de Instrumentacidn Analitica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Zulia, Vene- zuela).Nagourney, S. J., Bogan, D. C., Riviello, J. M., Heberling, S., Determination of trace metals in air and water by atomic absorption spectroscopy and ion chromatography, (Environmental Measurements Lab. , US Dept. Energy, 376 Hudson St., New York, NY 10014, USA). Krupa, R. J., Long, G. L., Winefordner, J. D., Spectral interferences, matrix effects and improved detection limits in ICP-excited ICP atomic fluorescence spectrometry, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA). Patel, B. M., Winefordner, J. D., Laser-excited fluores- cence of diatomic molecules of copper and lead in a glow discharge sputtering source, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 3261 1, USA).Smith, B. W., Hart, L. P., Omenetto, N., Multiphoton and stepwise ionisation studies in flames, (Joint Research Centre, Chemistry Division, Ispra (VA), Italy). Epstein, M. S., Turk, G. C., Travis, J. C., Evaluation of Nd-YAG and copper vapour pumped dye lasers as excitation sources for atomic fluorescence spectrometry, (Inorganic Anal. Res. Div., National Bureau of Stan- dards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA). Goforth, D., Winefordner, J. D., Laser-excited atomic fluorescence in a graphite furnace, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 3261 1, USA). LaFreniere, K. E., Fassel, V. A., Eckels, D. E., Simul- taneous multi-element analysis of HPLC effluents using the direct injection nebuliser with subsequent ICP-AES detection, (Ames Lab. and Dept. Chem., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA).Stoeppler, M., GFAAS developments and routine applica- tions within the environmental specimen bank program of the Federal Republic of Germany, (Inst. Appl. Physical Chem., Chem. Dept. , Nuclear Research Center (KFA) Julich, PO Box 1913, D-5170 Julich, FRG). 86/C919. Pleban, P. A., Delbridge, T. R., Chrenka, B. A., Solhaug, M., Determination of ultrafilterable aluminium in plasma from uremic patients, (Dept. Chem. Sci., Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA 23508, USA). Patterson, K. Y., Lewis, S. A., Scholfield, D. J., Holbrook, J. T., Veillon, C., Determination of copper in urine by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), (USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA). Studer, M., Leonard, L., Hausknecht, K., Comparison of background correction methods for furnace atomic absorption determinations of selenium in environmental samples, (Cambridge Analytical Associates, Inc., 1106 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA).Sotera, J. J., Almeida, M. C., Murphy, L. C., Dulude, G. R., Reduction of chemical interferences in furnace atomic absorption with delayed atomisation and aerosol sampling, (Allied Analytical Systems, 590 Lincoln St., Waltham, MA 02254, USA). 86/C920. 86/C921. 86/C922. Papers 86/C923-86/C953 were presented at the Congress on Advances in Spectroscopy and Laboratory Science, Toronto, Canada, 7-10th October, 1985. 86/C923. Ellis, M. G., Dymott, T. C., Beneficial improvements to graphite furnace analytical performance resulting from the use of TPCs (totally pyrolytic graphite cuvettes), (Philips Electronics, Toronto, ON, Canada).Sotera, J. J., Stux, R. L., Dulude, G. R., Almeida, M. C., Reduction of furnace interferences by delayed atomisation techniques, (Allied Analytical Systems, 590 Lincoln St., Waltham, MA 02254, USA). Shrader, D. E., Voth-Beach, L. M., Evaluation of an alternate matrix modifier for As and Se in GFAAS analyses, (Varian Associates, Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA). Miller-Ihli, N., Multi-element GFAAS, (Nutrient Compo- sition Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Belts- ville, MD 20705, USA). 86/C927. Paudyn, A., Van Loon, J. C., Determination of organic forms of Hg and As in water and in atmospheric samples by gas chromatography-a- atomic absorption, (Univ. Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada).He, X., Chakrabarti, C. L., Wu, S., Direct determination of toxic metals in air particulates by the probe technique in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, (Glass and Enamel Research Institute, Shanghai, China). Brenner, I. B., Halicz, L., Lorber, A., Goldbart, Z., Analysis of geological and related materials by slurry injection and direct solid insertion in graphite cups-a review of interference effects, (Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel). Salin, E. D., Blain, L., Direct analysis of oil samples for metals using the direct sample insertion device, (McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada). 86/C931. Salin, E. D., Sing, R. L. A., Advances in sample introduction for ICP AES with the wire loop direct sample insertion device, (McGill University, Montreal, PO, Canada). Ellis, M.G., Kikkert, J., New approach to combined sequential and simultaneous ICP analysis, (Philips Elec- tronics, Toronto, ON, Canada). Garneau, R., Ediger, R. D., Yates, D. A., Pruszkowska, E., Collins, J. B., Vollmer, J. W., Spectrometer - computer interface design for total automation of ICP instrumentation, (Perkin-Elmer, Montreal, PO, Canada). 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Guo, P., Wang, K., Hao, L., Jiang, Y., Simultaneous determination of major, minor and trace elements in geological materials by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Yanshi Kuangwu J i Ceshi, 1985, 4(1), 51. (Cent. Co. Nonferrous Met., Beijing Inst. Miner. Deposits Geol., China). Yu, Z., Xie, R., Simultaneous determination of 15 trace rare earth elements in rocks by emission spectrometry, Yanshi Kuangwu Ji Ceshi, 1985, 4(1), 72. (Tianjin Geol.Inspect. Stn., Minist. Metall., Tianjin, China). Deng, S., Atomic absorption spectroscopy method for microamounts of cadmium and silver in carbonate rocks- improvement of the ammonia solution method, Yanshi Kuangwu Ji Ceshi, 1985, 4(1), 90. (Hebei Explor. Group, China). Chen, P. Y., Wu, C. Y., Ju, J. J., Yang, M. H., Determination of iron, cobalt, copper, zinc and lead in high-purity nickel and nickel sulphate by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and neutron activation analysis, Hua Hsueh, 1985,43(2), 72. 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Chem. of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kumamaru, T., Nitta, Y., Nakata, F., Matsuo, H., Ikeda, M., Determination of cadmium by suction-flow liquid - liquid extraction combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985, 174, 183. (Dept. Environmental Sci., Fac. Inte- grated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima Univ., 1-1-89 Higa- shisenda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730, Japan). Long, G. L., Boss, C. B., Effect of droplet size on the phosphine depression of calcium atomic emission signals in flame spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985, 174, 191. (Dept. Chem., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27650, USA). V-334, USSR).JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, JUNE 1986, VOL. 1 85 R 86/1025. Kimberly, M. M., Paschal, D. C., Screening for selected toxic elements in urine by sequential-scanning inductively coupled plasma, atomic emission spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985, 174, 203. (Clinical Chem. Div., Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Dept. Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA). Samara, C., Kouimtzis, Th. A., Pre-concentration of trace metals in natural waters with 2,2’-dipyridyl-4-amino-3- hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazolehydrazone supported on silica gel, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985, 174, 305. (Lab. Anal. Chem., Univ. Thessalonika, Thessalonika, Greece). Busheina, I. S., Headridge, J. B., Determination of lead in nickel-base alloys by atomic absorption spectrometry with introduction of solid samples into an induction furnace, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985, 174, 339. (Dept. Chem., The University, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK). 86/1026. 86/1027. 8611028. El-Defrawy, M. M., Abdallah, A. M., El-Asmy, A. F., Use of cyanide to remove interferences in the determination of copper, zinc and cadmium by atomic absorption spec- trometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985, 174, 343. (Dept. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt). 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