The leaf essential oils ofJuniperus phoeniceaL. (Greece and Spain),J. phoeniceasubsp.eu-mediterraneaLebr. & Thiv. andJ. phoeniceavar.turbinata(Guss.) have been analyzed by GC/MS. All of the oils were dominated by α-pinene.Juniperus phoeniceaalso contained moderate amounts of myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, α-terpinyl acetate and 1-epi-cubenol. The oils ofJ. phoeniceavar.turbinata(coastal Spain) andJ. phoeniceasubsp.eu-mediterranea(coastal Portugal) are most similar of the four taxa and distinct from typical inlandJ. phoenicea.These taxa may be conspecific and, if so, then the nameJ. phoeniceavar.turbinatawould take precedence for the divergent taxon.