ABSTRACT.The number of new paediatric patients accepted for treatment by regular dialysis and transplantation increased more slowly than in previous years. Survival in children above 10 years appeared to be better with all modes of therapy than in younger children. The only improvement in survival noted among the different treatments was in patient and graft survival of living donor transplants. A quarter of all children transferred to home dialysis were less than 10 years of age. Nephronophthisis and Henoch‐Schönlein nephritis emerged as major primary renal diseases. In 1975 the proportion of retransplants in children rose and living donor grafts from fathers were more common than from mothers. Evening dialysis was practised more frequently in both hospital and home dialysis and rehabilitation in these patients seemed to be better than for those dialysed at other times. Renal osteodystrophy was present in at least half of all children dialysed for more than 1 year. The degree of growth retardation was affected by sex, chronological age and the primary renal disease. Body height on dialysis and after transplantation progressively reduced in the majority of children. Growth seemed to be more impaired in boys than in girls on dialysis. Bone age advanced faster than height age especially in girls. The pubertal growth spurt was usually delayed and depressed on long‐term dialysis and the development of genitalia and pubic hair as well as menarche was reta