This paper reviews the psychological and medical literature from 1970–1989 on controlled treatment studies of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). A marked lack of scientifically adequate treatment studies was identified. Specific recommendations for future research in this area are made, including the use of operationally defined diagnostic criteria, thorough medical screening prior to study entry, use of adequate controls, appropriate group matching on prognostic variables, and use of“blind”rating of outcome by both subject and rater wherever possible. Additional research and treatment issues are discussed.