SUMMARY.This is the first of two papers extracted from a recent study into the historical development of the care and education of deprived children in Britain. Using a case study approach, the research sought to identify some of the less overt influences which shaped and often limited the type of provision as it emerged over a period which extends as far back as the middle ages. Emphasis is placed on the part played by social and economic self‐interests in shaping the policy and practices as they developed. Exploration of eighteenth century provision led to discovery of records left by Catharine Cappe, a remarkable social reformer. Her experience provides insight in methods of working with young people and in the development of institutions to cater for their needs. The second paper to be published in the next issue of Children&Society demonstrates how knowledge of the past and an analysis of the processes which went on within it constitute an essential tool for an investigation of the inadequacy of present day practic