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Monastic Incorporation of Classical Botanic Medicines into the Renaissance Pharmacopeia

 

作者: Joseph Petrucelli II,  

 

期刊: American Journal of Nephrology  (Karger Available online 1994)
卷期: Volume 14, issue 4-6  

页码: 259-263

 

ISSN:0250-8095

 

年代: 1994

 

DOI:10.1159/000168732

 

出版商: S. Karger AG

 

关键词: Botany;Medicinal herbs;Dioscorides;Classical medicine;Benedictine monasteries;Salerno School of Medicine

 

数据来源: Karger

 

摘要:

Ancient Greek physicians believed that health resulted from a balance of natural forces. Many, including Dioscorides, made compilations of plants and medicines derived from them, giving prominence to diuretics, cathartics and emetics. During the Roman Empire, although Greek physicians were highly valued, the Roman matron performed many medical functions and magic and astrology were increasingly used. In Judaic and later Christian societies disease was equated with divine disfavor. After the fall of Rome, the classical Greek medical texts were mainly preserved in Latin translation by the Benedictine monasteries, which were based around a patient infirmary, a herb garden and a library. Local plants were often substituted for the classical ones, however, and the compilations became confused and inaccurate. Greek medicine survived better in the remains of the Eastern Roman Empire, and benefitted from the influence of Arab medicine. Intellectual revival, when it came to Europe, did so on the fringes of the Moslem world, and Montpellier and Salerno were among the first of the new medical centers. Rather than relying on ancient experts, the new experimental method reported the tested effects of substances from identified plants. This advance was fostered by the foundation of universities and greatly aided by the later invention of the printing press, which also allowed wider dissemination of the classical texts.

 

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