281 Proceedings of the Council (August-September, 1920.) Chemical Engineering Standards.-The Committee of the Chemical Engineering Group of the Society of Chemical Industry has represented to the Council of that Society the urgent importance of dealing with the standardisation, on a wide and comprehensive basis, of such plant and apparatus employed in chemical industries as can advantageously be standardised. The Society, with the concurrence of the Association of British Chemical Manufacturers, having ap- proached the British Engineering Standards Association on the matter, a Conference was held at the Institution of Civil Engineers on zIst July to ascertain whether opinion was favourable to the proposed work being undertaken and to consider the formation of a Sectional Chemical Engineering Committee to give effect to the policy.The Council of the Institute having been invited to appoint representatives to take part in the Conference, Mr. Horatio Ballantyne and Sir Robert Robertson, Vice-presidents, and Mr. William Macnab attended, and in due course reported on the proceedings. The Council subsequently concurred in the appointment of the Sectional Committee, but with regard to a suggestion that the proposed Committee should have within its purview the standardisiiig of methods (including analytical and other chemical methods) of testing the materials used for chem- ical plant, and the materials used in its construction, the Council expressed the opinion that the methods adopted would be most likely to meet with the general acceptance needed to render them effective if they were prescribed and approved by fuIy qualified chemists. The Council, therefore, urged that 282 in all cases where analytical or other chemical matters came under consideration, the proposed Committee should include representatives of the Institute of Chemistry and the Society of Public Analysts.The Council also stated that they would be prepared to co-operate by nominating members having specialised knowledge of such chemical matters, and would, if the main Committee adopted this suggestion, do all in their power to ensure the success of the scheme. Further, the Council welcomed this opportunity for chemists, engineers, and chemical engineers to meet on common ground for their mutual support and the benefit of industry.British Laboratory G lassware.-Arising from negotia- tions with the Government Departments concerned, the following letter has now been forwarded to users of laboratory glassware, in the hope that the production of such ware may not be discontinued in this country :-September, 1920. DEARSIR,-British Laboratory Glassware. The Institute of Chemistry has been in conference with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research with regard to the supply and quality of British laboratory glassware. You are probably aware that endeavours were made during the war to establish this branch of industry in order to render Great Britain independent of foreign supplies. A number of well-known firms turned their attention to the manufacture, but although it is now possible to obtain satisfactory British laboratory glassware, complaints have been received with regard both to inconsistency in quality and to the shortness of supplies of certain forms of apparatus.The Glass Research Committee of the Institute, appointed to watch these matters in the interests of chemists, has reason to believe that complaints with regard to the quality of laboratory glassware are directed mainly against unmarked ware. Since it is difficult for the Committee to trace the origin of unmarked ware and thereby to offer their assistance with a view to correcting faulty technique, the Com- mittee has agreed, with the concurrence of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, the Board of Education, and the Board of Trade, to issue this letter to the heads of Chemical Departments in Universities and Colleges, to the teachers in Public and Secondary Schools, and to users of laboratory ware generally.urging them to purchase only ware of British make, bearing the distinctive marks of the manufacturers. The Glass Research Committee has recommended British manufacturers to place their distinctive marks upon their laboratory glass ware, and, in the case of small articles, such as test 283 tubes packed in corrugated cardboard boxes, to seal such boxes with adhesive labels bearing similar distinctive marks. It is hoped that, by refusing to accept unmarked glassware, the users will assist in raising the general level of quality.The Glass Research Committee will continue to assist, so far as they are able, in investigating complaints with regard to marked laboratory glassware.-Yours faithfully, RICHARD B.PILCHER, Registrar and Secretary. Research Chemicals,-The Association of British Chemical Manufacturers look to the continued support of research workers to enable them to continue and extend the production of fine chemicals for research purposes. A list of substances prepared by members of the Asso-ciation has been published and widely circulated. Enquiries should be addressed to the Secretary, Association of British Chemical Manufacturers, 166, Piccadilly, London, W.I.Pending the more extensive production of research chemicals. Fellows and Associates who experience difficulty in obtaining special substances, not obtainable through the Association, are invited to notify the Registrar of the Institute in order that endeavours may be made to obtain supplies from other chemists who have them in stock. The Institute has already been able to render this assistance to several chemists. Lectu re.-Fellows, Associates, and Registered Studens are invited to a Lecture on “Some scientific aspects of Tanning,” to be delivered by Mr. John Turney Wood, F.I.C., of Messrs. Turney Bros., Ltd., Nottingham, in the Chemical Theatre at, University College, Gower Street, London, W.C., by kind permission of the Authorities of the College, on Wednesday, the 24th day of November, at 8 p.m.The Lectures Committee has had under preliminary consideration the feasibility of arranging public lectures with a view to popularising chemistry and its practical applications. The Committee suggest, that Fellows and Associates who are members of local scientific and literary societies should partake in such a scheme in the interests of their profession, having in mind the importance of creating and maintaining a more 284 lively general interest in scientific matters. The Local Sections have been asked to co-operate in the general movement by allowing their members to invite friends to lectures when the subjects submitted for discussion are not of a highly technical or purely professional nature.The Committee also suggests that chemists engaged in industries should take advantage of any suitable opportunity that may occur to them of bringing to the notice of workers the advantages to themselves and to the community arising from chemical inventions, and of illustrating the principles underlying their everyday operations. War Office Chemists-At the invitation of the Army Council, the President of the Institute has nominated Mr. Horatio Ballantyne, Vice-president, to serve, as representative of the Institute, on a Committee appointed to enquire into the status and functions of the Directorate of Chemical In- spection, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. Rem u n eration of Chem i sts.-Fellows and Associates holding whole-time appointments, who have not yet returned the schedules issued with Part IV.are invited to forward them to the Registrar as soon as possible, in order that statistics and a summary of the present economic position of chemists may be prepared for publication in Part VI. The numbers of returns received up to October were : from Fellows 1x5, from Associates 390. The number received in 1919 was over goo. Local Sections are requested to encourage members to assist the Council in this matter in the interest of the profession. In order that useful statistics may be pre- pared for publication in the next Part of the Journal, the Council request that all returns be forwarded to the Institute before 30th November. Further copies of the form are being issued for the use of members who have not already made a return.A ppointments Regi ster.-The Appointments Register of the Institute continues in very active operation, the demand for chemists for responsible appointments being well maintained. 285 Scientific and Industrial Research. THE Fifth Report of the Committee of the Privy Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (Cmd. 905) has been pub- lished by H.M. Stationery Office, and a copy has been received at the Institute. The Committee is now concerned with the organisation of all scientific work which is of common interest to the fighting services of the Crown, in order to ensure economy of expense and personnel and the due co-ordination of the technical work of naval, military, and aeronautical establishments, and to avoid their overlapping with one another or with the research organisations of civil departments.Boards for Chemistry, Engineering, Physics and Radiography, including technical representatives of the fighting services and civilian departments, and independent men of science, have been appointed for the work of co-ordination, the cost of all research of a fundamental character to be borne by the Department. At the request of the Ministry of Health a Board has also been formed for Building Research. The Geological Survey and Museum of Practical Geology has been transferred to the Department, and a Geological Survey Board has been appointed to direct their operations. Refer-ence is made to the progress of the work undertaken by the Fuel Research Board, the National Physical Laboratory, the Food Investigation Board and the Tin and Tungsten Research Board.The number of industrial research associations has been increased to eighteen ; the grants made to these asso-ciations up to 30th June last amounted to f145,12g 7s. 6d. The capital then in hand was ;6954,870 12s. 6d., and the Trustees were committed to further grants to associations estimated at nearly ~400,000. The Report of the Advisory Council is attached to that of the Committee. Their programme of work is summarised 286 under four main heads : I‘ (I) The encouragement of the in-dividual research worker, particularly in pure science ; (2) the organisation of national industries into co-operative research associations ; (3) the direction and co-ordination of research for national purposes ; and (4) the aiding of suitable researches undertaken by scientific and professional societies and organisations.” The progress of work under each of these heads is briefly reviewed.In the first place the scarcity of research workers is deplored : “ The present and the impending shortage of research workers has from the beginning been the source of constant anxiety in the fonnu-lation of all our plans.” The Advisory Council confirm the impression, which has also been gained through the working of the Appointments Register of the Institute, that industries are showing an awakening interest in the value of research and of scientific control.It is hoped that with the largely increased number of students now in training in the universities and colleges there is an early prospect of the number of research workers being augmented. The Report proceeds to deal with the grants made to students and independent workers, and the conditions governing their award, which aim at assisting promising workers as well as promising lines of enquiry, with the reserva- tion that workers who propose to make commercial use of their discoveries are required to consult the department because at that point they are leaving the field of pure in-vest igat ion. The Report of the Advisory Council, which is dated and August, 1920,supplies more recent information than that of the Committee, with regard to the research associations.Five additional associations will shortly receive licences from the Board of Trade; grants have been made to the sum of L63,800 ; the Department has increased its prospective commitments to approximately L~~o,ooo,and, in anticipation of the formation of other associations, expects them shortly to reach ~800,000. 287 Under " The conduct and co-ordination of national research," the Advisory Council recognise that provision must be made for dealing with certain fundamental problems of wide application in industry, such as that of fuel. The Fuel Research Board, under the directorship of Sir George Beilby, has made provision for the examination of the more important types of coal from all parts of the United Kingdom and their classification according to their suitability for the production of gaseous, liquid and solid forms of fuel by various systems of carbonisation and gasification.Data are being obtained for the use of technical experts and manu- facturers who are seeking to replace crude methods of using coal by more efficient and economical methods. The inquiries of the Board are also directed to the adoption of more econo- mical gas production and to the utilisation of peat as a source of fuel. A Peat Enquiry Committee has been appointed and experimental work on machine-cutting and the winning of peat has been in progress during the past eighteen months. Modern systems for the use of pulverised coal have been in- vestigated, and a Report on " Pulverised Coal Systems in America " by Mr.Leonard C. Harvey, has been published by H.M. Stationery Office. Sir Frederick Nathan has been appointed Power Alcohol Investigation Officer, dealing with problems of the production and utilisation of alcohol for power and traction purposes. The Fuel Research Board has been in collaboration on technical matters with the Admiralty, the Ministry of Munitions, the South African Government, and the Ministry of Health, and has co-operated with the Ad- visory Committee of the Meteorological Office, on Atmospheric Pollution and with the Smoke Prevention Committee of the Ministry of Health, with regard to air pollution by smoke and dust from domestic fires, factories, and power stations, and the possibilities of legislative action on this matter.At the request of the Board of Agriculture and the Ministry of Food, the Department has also undertaken to investigate the problems of the preservation and the preven- tion of waste of food, especially the waste occurring between 288 production and distribution, affecting questions of cold storage and methods of preserving and handling fish, meat, fruit, and vegetables. The Food Investigation Board controls a series of biochemical and biophysical researches into the changes which take place in mammals, birds and fish after death and in the living tissues of fruit in the process of ripening. A low temperature station is to be built and equipped at Cambridge to foster the development of this work.A Board has also been constituted to control research into building materials and methods of construction, covering a wide field for investigation into materials which, before the war, in England and Wales alone, involved a sum of &,000,000 a year. The work of the National Physical Laboratory, now under the Directorship of Sir Joseph Petavel, also comes under brief review, with special reference to investigations of a very varied character carried out for Government Depart- ments, reported in fuller detail in the Report of the Executive Committee of the Laboratory, which is published separately. During the first five years of the existence of the Research Department grants amounting to f168,816 have been made to 32 societies and organisations ; in some cases the investigations undertaken have been transferred to the appropriate research associations as they were formed.In a brief summary of results achieved, the Advisory Council acknowledge again the work of the Institute of Chemistry on laboratory and optical glass which " has had a large share in putting the production of these vital necessities on a sound basis." Mention is also made of the special grants to the Stoke- on-Trent School of Science and Technology for work on hard porcelain ; to the University of Sheffield, for glass technology, and to the Imperial College of Science and Technology, for technical optics. The remainder of the Report is formulated in three Parts : "Part I.describes the progress made in the establishment of research associations during the past year, and discusses certain problems which their activities are bringing into prominence. 289 Part 11. deals with the organisation of research for national purposes during the same period. We refer in this part of our reportto departmental publications which have appeared or are in prepam-tion, and to the organisation of research in the Dominions beyond $he seas. Part 111. describes the more important developments that have taken place since the last report in the conduct of researches initiated by other bodies and aided by grants from the Department.” A Records Bureau has been established, under the charge of Dr.C. R. Young, the main object being to secure economy by preventing repetition and overlapping of investigations and by ensuring that the fullest possible use is made of the results of research. The Bureau should be of service in examining the programmes of research associations in order to ensure that researches are not unconsciously duplicated by different associations ; or that where two or more associations may be interested in the same problem, from different points of view, arrangements may be made for a concerted attack and for sharing the general results. The Report also refers to research for the Empire in respect of the conditions of life for Europeans in tropical countries, and to developments in the organisation of research in industries, such as cotton growing, flax growing, and the pro- duction of various raw materials.In Part III., dealing with grants made to institutions in aid of research, special mention is made of research into the production of a hard porcelain from British materials. Recipes for the body and glaze were applied €or by over fifty finns, but the production has not yet been undertaken, except on a semi-manufacturing scale. “ The work has been extended to high temperature porcelain typified by chemical ware, but the investigation is not yet sufficiently advanced to justify any positive statements being made.” Grants made to individual research workers and students for the academic year 1920-21 amount to fT45,OOO. These grants are to be regarded as supplementary to the assistance for education and research, which is given to universities under the Treasury grants included in the Civil Service Estimates.290 “ They include no personal payments to professors and lecturers in the various universities, though we consider that it lies properly within our function to assist the personal research work of these men by providing them with research assistants.” Our intention in doing SO is to enable them to increase their output of scientific work by re- lieving them of the more routine work which can be effectively done for them by investigators working under their supervision. We have also made grants to research workers of proved attainments in uni-versities and colleges who hold no regular staff appointment.Our grants do not constitute the sole source of income of many of these research workers. A number of them undertake, with our concurrence, a limited amount of teaching work, and we consider that the association of research with some teaching of university grade tends to the benefit of research work.” The “aim in recommending these grants is the encouragement of research with a view ‘to the increase of existing knowledge. Onlyin exceptional cases in which results of commercial value are expected or obtained is it desirable to limit the freedom of publication of results of researches carried out with the aid of public funds . . . except in these special cases, it should be open to a research worker receiving a grant from the Department to publish the results of research from time to time as he thinks fit .. . out of 159 grants made during the current academic year, it has only been thought necessary to restrict the freedom of publication in 22 cases.” The Advisory Council have adopted the view that “ the research in which a student should engage ought, as a rule, to be a subject primarily of scientific interest, and that a topic which aims at results of commercial value should only be accepted when we are satisfied that in the hands of the recommending professor it will afford the most suitable means of training a student. . . . While we are anxious to encourage the co-operation of scientific staffs of universities and technical colleges with those engaged in industry in the conduct of research having an industrial bearing, we have laid it down that we are not prepared to recommend grants to research workers to enable them to undertske specific investigations proposed by industrial firms unless it is made clear that the acceptance of a grant from the Department Will preclude the firm from obtaining any exclusive use of the results.” An Inter-Departmental Committee is to be appointed with the following terms of reference : “ (1) To consider the methods of dealing with inventions made by workers aided or maintained from public funds, whether such workers be engaged (a)as research workers, or (b)in some other technical capacity, so as to give a fair reward to the inventor and thus encourage further effort to secure the utilisation in industry of suitable inventions and to protect the national interest ;and (2) To outline a course of procedure in respect of inventions arising out of State-aided or supported work which shall further these aims and be suitable adoption by all Government Departments concerned.291 Finally, the Advisory Council refer to applications which they have received from scientific societies for grants to meet the increased cost of their publications. While “ fully sensible of the danger to scientific research which must result from a limitation of the facilities for publication,’? they have not found it possible to provide assistance in the way proposed, or to recommend a grant for the purpose without any estimate of the cost to public funds.Difficulty is suggested in arriving at the amount of such grants by reason of the fact that the publications are sold, possibly at a profit. A grant which reduced the sale price of scientific publications below the cost of production, would in effect be a grant for the assistance of a particular section of the community, and, as a permanent arrangement, would be at least as difficult to defend as other trade subsidies.” The Advisory Council state, however, that they would “ welcome common action by the scientific societies in the formulation of a policy for dealing with the present difficulties. Ifthe societies were to make a considered review of the whole of their circumstances, it would at least be possible for them to submit for the consideration of the Government a definite statement of the extent to which the national interest is prejudiced by the present increase in the cost of printing.’? Many Fellows of the Institute are serving as members of Research Boards and Committees of the Department.It is to be hoped, however, that the work of the Food Investigation Board will embrace more strictly chemical aspects, as well as physiological, and that some representative public analysts will then be associated with the Board in this field of investigation. 292 Local Sections. The majority of the Local Sections have suspended their activities during the summer months, but they are now resum- ing their meetings. Irish Section,-The Annual General Meeting will be held on Friday, November Igth, at 4.15p.m., in the Royal College of Science, Dublin.Liverpool Section.-A Fellow who has recently moved to Liverpool, in expressing his appreciation of the kindly welcome extended to him by the Local Section, has remarked on the value of its work and the keen interest taken by its members in the professional matters submitted for discussion. Personal. Sir James Dobbie (Past President of the Institute) has retired from the position of Government Chemist. Dr. Victor John Harding has been appointed Professor of Chemical Pathology in the University of Toronto. Dr. T. Lewis Bailey has been appointed Chief Inspector under the Alkali, etc., Works Regulation Acts, in succession to W.S. Curphey (retired). Dr. R. M. Caven has been appointed to the Chair of In- organic and Analytical Chemistry in the Royal Technical College, Glasgow. Dr. Joseph Kenyon has been appointed Head of the Chemistry Department at Battersea Polytechnic in succession to Mr. John Wilson. Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin, Member of Council, has been appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. 293 Obituary. HENRYBASSETT(Senior), who was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1878, died at Barnsbury on 30th August, aged 83 years. He received his training under Hofmann at the Royal College of Chemistry and after assisting Sir Benjamin Brodie for a short time at Oxford, became assistant to F.A. Manning, one of the Founders of the Institute, and one of the first chemists to establish a practice in the City of London. In 1894 he commenced practice on his own account, devoting special attention to non-ferrous alloys and the testing of anthracene, which he continued until a few months before his death. In 1864 he con- tributed to the Chemical Society a paper on ethyl orthocarbonate, which he prepared by the action of sodium on a mixture of chloropicrin and absolute alcohol ; he also published a number of papers on the testing of anthracene and on other subjects in the Journal of the Chemi- cal Society and the Chemical News. In spite of his advanced age, he wm remarkably vigorous, physically and mentally, until a few days before his death.His son, Dr. Henry Bassett, also a Fellow, is Professor of Chemistry at University College, Reading. FREDERICK DAY, who died in the Federated WILLIAMFRANCIS Malay States, in September, 1920, at the age of 37 years, was born at Pernambuco, Brazil, and educated at Sir William Turner’s Grammar School, Coatham, Redcar, and King Edward’s School, Bath, and the Royal College of Science, London. After working for two years in the Government Laboratory he obtained an official appointment in the Central Excise Laboratory at Kasauli, India, under Dr. (now Sir)Charles Bedford, and three years later proceeded to the Federated Malay States where, after three years in the Agricultural Department, he eventually joined, in October, 1918, the Malaya Research Branch of the Rubber Growers’ Association.He was joint author with Mr. B. J. Eaton of several papers on the estimation of sulphur in vulcanised rubber, sulphur mixings, etc., published in the Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, and on the potash-content of water-hyacinthand the oil-content and keeping quality of Para rubber seeds, pub- lished in the Agricultural Bulletin, F.M.S. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1919. WILLIAM HODGSON ELLIS, who died recently at Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Canada, was born at Bakewell, in Derbyshire, in 1846. He graduated in Medicine in the University of Toronto, in which he became Professor of Applied Chemistry and Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science.For many years he was Public Analyst for Toronto and he was a recognised authority on Toxicologj. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1888. ARTHURHOWARDJAYdied, after an operation, at Glasgow, on 13th September, 1920, in his 27th year. He was born at Bloxwich, Staffs., educated at Queen Mary’s School, Walsall, and, in 1913, entered King’s College, London. For about fifteen months he was engaged at the College in tar testing for the Ministry of Munitions, and in January, 1917, was appointed a Demonstrator in Chemistry, which position he held until July, 1919. About five weeks before his death he obtained an appointment on the Research Staff of Messrs. Nobel’s Explosives Company. He was awarded the degree of B.Sc. in the University of London and was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1918.EDWARDKINCH died at Haslemere on 6th August, aged 71 years.Educated at the Grammar School, Henley-on-Thames, and trained at the Royal College of Chemistry, he obtained his first appointment in 1869, as assistant to Prof. (later Sir) Arthur Church at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. From 1873-75 he was on the staff of the Royal School of Mines ; from 1875-76, superintendent of minerals in the Indian Museum, and from 1876-81 Professor of Chemistry in the Imperial College of Agriculture, Tokio, Japan. In 1881 he returned to the Royal Agricultural College as professor of chemistry, which position he held until the College was closed through depletion of staff and students, on account of the war, in 1915.He was the author of many papers on agricultural chemistry, contributed to the Journals of the Chemical Society and the R(oya1 Agricultural Society, the Transactions of the Surveyor’s Institution, &c., and revised Church’s Laboratory Guide, ninth edition, in 1912. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1878, and served as a Member of Council for three periods. CHARLES CLIFTON MOORE died at Lymm, near Warrington, on 11th August, in his 58th year. He worked for over three years with Prof. Campbell Brown at the Royal Infirmary School of Medicine, Liverpool, when he became chemist at the Globe Works, St. Helens. He was subsequently for over five years at the Ammonia Soda Works of Messrs. Brunner, Mond & Co., and after practising in Liverpool as an analytical and consulting chemist, founded the firm of Messrs.Charles C. Moore & Co., Salt and Chemical Manufacturers at Lymm. He devoted considerable attention to the analysis of rocks, and contributed the results of a series of such investigations to the Liverpool Geological Society. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1888. At his funeral the Institute was represented by Mr. Watson Gray, Chairman of the Liverpool Section. GEORGE‘PILKINGTON,who died at Manchester on 1st April, 1919, in his fifty-eighth year, was born at Bury and educated at Malvern College and Owen’s College, Manchester. He passed the Examination for the Associateship of the Institute in 1887, and was appointedChemist to Messrs.J. R. Crompton & Bros., Ltd., Paper Manufacturers at Bury. From 1896 to 1902 he also held the appointment of Public Analyst for Bury. He wa8 elected a Fellow Qf $he Institute in 1890. 295 Books and their Contents. “ Catalysis.” E. Jobling. Pp. viii. & 144. (London :J. and A. Churchill.) 7s. 6d. net. Sulphuric acid manufacture ; industrial chlorine ; salt cake manu- facture ; sulphur recovery ; fixation of nitrogen ; surface combus- tion ; incandescent gas mantles ; hydrogen manufacture ; coal gas purification ; hydrogenation ; dehydrogenation ; synthesis of acetic acid ; hydrolysis, saponification, substitution, polymerisation,condensation ; enzymes ; electro-chemistry ; vulcanisation accele- rators. “ Chemical Analysis of Steel Works Materials.” New Edition.F. Ibbotson. Pp. viii. & 296. (Longmans, Green & Co.) 21s. net. General processes ; analysis of steel and pig iron ; steel-makingalloys ; ores ; refractory materials ; slags ; fuels ; boiler water, scales, etc. “ Electro Deposition of Metals.” George G. Langbein. Pp. xii. & 862. (London : Hodder & Stoughton.) 42s. net. History and theory ; preparation of objects ; deposition of nickel and cobalt, copper, brass and bronze, silver, gold, platinum and vanadium, tin, zinc, lead and iron, antimony, arsenic, aluminium ; deposition by contact, by boiling and by friction; colouring and etching metals ; lacquering ; chemicals used.“ Indian Trade Inquiry : Report on Oil Seeds. Imperial Institute Memoirs.” Pp. viii. & 149. (London : John Murray.) 6s. net. “ Insect Pests and Fungus Diseases of Fruit and Hops.” P. J. Fryer. Pp. xv. & 728, with 24 plates. (Cambridge University Press.) 45s. net. Insect pests and their control ; insecticides ; fungus diseases of fruit and their control ; fungicides. 296 ‘‘ Manufacture of Sugar from the Cane and Beet.” Mono-graphs on Industrial Chemistry. T. H. P. Heriot. Pp. x. & 426. (Longmans, Green & Co.) 24s. net. Raw materials ; extraction of juice from the cane ; extraction of sugar from beet; composition and treatment of cane and beet juices ; evaporation of water from the juice ; crystallisation ; specialmethods of extracting sugar from molasses ; by-products ; refining of cane and beet sugars.“Margarine.” William Clayton. Pp. vii. & 187. (Long-mans, Green & Co.) 14s. net. Oils and fats used in margarine manufacture ; edible hydrogenated oils ; examination of milk for use in margarine manufacture ; manu-facture of margarine ; theory of emulsification ; butter and renovated butter ; analysis ; deterioration of butter and margarine in storage ; lard compound ; nutritional chemistry ; bibliography. “ Materia Medica.” H. G. Greenish. 3rd edition. Pp. xii. & 568. (London : J. & A. Churchill.) 27s. net. Leaves ; flowers ; fruits ; seeds ; herbs and entire plants ; woods ; barks ; subterranean organs ; starches, glands, hairs, etc.; dried latex ; dried juices ; extracts ; gums ; resins ; oleo-resins; tars ; fixed oils, fats and waxes; saccharine substances; animals and animal glands and secretions. “ Molinari’s Chemistry.” Vol. I. : Inorganic. T. H. Pope 2nd edition. Pp. xix. & 876. (London: J. & A. Churchill.) 42s. net. Part I. : General. Part 11. : Special. Part 111. : Metals. Group I. : alkaline metals ; Group 11. : alkaline earth metals ; Group 111. : trivalent metals ; Group IV. : tetravalent metals ; Group V. : bismuth ; Group VI. : chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and uranium ; Group VII. : manganese ; Group VIII. : iron, nickel, cobalt and the platinum group. “ Paint Vehicles, Japans and Varnishes.” C. T. Holle. Pp. vii. & 203.(New York : John Wiley & Son, Inc. ; London : Chapman & Hall, Ltd.) 13s. 6d. net. Examination of petroleum thinners and of turpentine ; alcohols and acetones ; benzol and solvent naphthas ; linseed oil ; tung oil ; miscellaneous paint and varnish oils ; extraction of vehicle from pig- ment ;estimation of water in paints ; water emulsions and emulsi- fiers; determination of volatile thinners; examination of the 297 extracted oil ; effect of storage ; analysis of solid and liquid driers ; comparative analysis of black baking japans ; analysis of shellac lacquers and of varnishes and enamelling liquids. “ Practical Chemistry.” P. A. E. Richards. 3rd edition. (London : Bailliere, Tindall & Cox.) 5s. net. Qualitative analysis ; preparations ; volumetric analysis ; ele-mentary practical toxicology. “ Principles of the Phase Theory.” D.A. Clibbens. Pp. xiv. & 383. (London : Macmillan & Co., Ltd.) 25s. net. Phase theory and its application to the study of condensed binary systems ; condensed ternary systems ; condensed quaternary systems ; condensed quinary systems ; graphical methods ; phasereactions in equilibrium at the invariant point. “ Recovering Precious Metals from Waste Liquid Residues.” G. E. Gee. Pp. viii. & 380. (London :E. & F. N. Spon.) 16s. net. Recovery of gold, silver and platinurn. “ Scientific and Applied Pharmacognosy. ” H. Kraemer. and edition. Pp. xi. & 741. (New York :John Wiley & Son, Inc. ; London : Chapman & Hall, Ltd.) 33s.net. Intended for the use of students of pharmacy a handbook for pharmacists and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists. Thallophytes ; archegoniates ; spermophytes ; animal drugs ; powdered drugs. “ Treatise on Chemistry.” Roscoe and Schorlemmer. 5th edition. Completely revised by J. C. Cain, Vol. I. : Non-Metallic Elements. Pp. xvi. & 968. (London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd.) 30s. net. “ Yeasts, The.” A. Guilliennond; translated by F. W. Tanner. Pp. xix. & 424. (New York: John Wiley & Son, Inc.) 33s. net. Morphology and development of the yeasts ; cytology.;.physiology ; nutrition, respiration and alcoholic fermentation ; ongm ; methods of culture and isolation ; methods of characterisation and identifica- t.ion ; classification of the yeasts ; family of non-saccharomycetes; pathogenic yeasts ; fungi related to the yeasts.298 Changes in the Register. At the meeting of the Council held on the 1st October, 1920, two new Fellows and 57 new Associates were elected, and 15 students were a.imitted. The Institute has lost seven Fellows and two Associates by death. New Fellows. Clayton, Arthur, D.Sc., A.R.C.S. (Lond.), Oakwood, Kirkburton, near Huddersfield. Walker, John Thorn Ainslie, 14, Bride Lane, London, E.C.4. New Associates. Allen, Samuel, B.Sc. (Edin.), 321, Easter Road, Leith. Ames, William Melville, M.A., B.Sc. (Edin.), c/o Imrie, 22, Melville Terrace, Edinburgh. Austin, Charles Reuben, B.Sc.Tech.(Mane.), 548, Chester Road, Old Trafford, Manchester. Barnett, Miss Amanda Mary Rossington, A.R.C.S.I., 30, Leeson Park Avenue, Dublin. Burrell, Wilkinson William, M.Sc. (Mane.), Bank House, Colne Bridge, Huddersfield. Collier, James Luke, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), 29, Ashchurch Park Villas, Ravenscourt Park, Hammersmith, London, W. Davies, Cecil Whitfield, B.Sc. (Wales), Trewylan, Copers Cope Road, Beckenham, Kent. Dawkins, Alfred Ernest, B.Sc. (Adelaide), Chemical Advisors Branch, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia. Denton, John, Messrs. Denton Bros., Keighley Dyeworks, Keighley, Yorks. Edwardes, John, B.Sc. (Wales), M.C., Tanffynon, Llangeitho, Cardigan- shire. ' Evans, Kenrick, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), 9, Mathews Park Avenue, Stratford, London, E .15.Evans, William Abraham, M.C., B.Sc. (Wales), 11, Heathfield Place, Cardiff. Farmery, Joshua William, B.A. (Cantab.), Wellcome Research Laboratories, Khartoum. 299 Fox, Maurice Henry, B.Sc. (Wales), Satis, Morden Road, Merton, London, S.W. 19. Frost, Stanley Charles, 12, Charleville Circus, Sydenham, London, S.E.26. Garner, Major Frederick Basil, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), M.C., 26, St. Georges Road, Wimbledon, London, S.W.19. George, Ernest, B.A. (Cape of Good Hope), M.Sc. (S. Africa), c/o University College, Johannesburg, S. Africa. Glasspoole, John, B.Sc. (Lond.), 16, Pursers Cross Road, Fulham, London, S.W.6. Grant, Reginald Lindsay, B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.), M.C., Church Villa, Northenden, Cheshire.Harbord, Vernon, A.R.S.M., Englewick, Englefield Green, Surrey. Harley, Robert Bruce, B.Sc. (St. Andrew’s), The University, Leeds. Highfield, Alfred, B.A. (Cantab.), Edina, Sidcup, Kent. Higson, Percy John, B.Sc. (Liv.), M.B.E., 11, Westbourne Road, Birkdale, Lancs. Holmes, Frederick Charles Victor, B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.), Alton Cottage, Holt, Percy Ashworth, B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.), Victoria Villas, Egerton, near Bolton, Lancs. Howarth, Gilbert Bartle, B.Sc. (Leeds), M.C., 2, Leopold Mount, Chapeltown Road, Leeds. Hyde, Claudius George, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), M.C., Hillcrest, Hillborough Road, Luton, Beds. Hyder, Mervyn George Garth, B.A. (Oxon.), 60, Newbury Street, Wantage, Berks. Jarrett, Wilfred Thomas, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), 124, East Street, Sitting- bourne, Kent.Kirby Muxloe, near Leicester. Kirby, William, B.Sc. (Lond.), 17, Micheldeiver Road, Lee, London, S.E.12. Lowe, George Morris, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), 4, Kpverdale Road, London, N. 16. Marchant, Ernest Norman, Fairhaven, Ansdell Road, Reddish, near Stockport.Marsh, Joseph Kenneth, M.Sc. (Belfast), 28, Lansdowne Road, Belfast. Martin, Frederick John, M.A. (Cantab.), Gordon College, Khartoum, Sudan. McLaren, Donald Alan, M.Sc. (Liv.), 106, Aigburth Road, Liverpool. Mills, James Dick Watson, B.Sc. (Edin.), 8, Comely Bank Street, Edinburgh.Mortlock, Frank, B.Sc. (Bim.), 54, Cope Street, Coventry. Nicholls, Frederick, B.Sc. (Dun.), D.S.M., 6, Trewitt Road, Whitley Bay, Northumberland. Nickelson, Stanley Arthur, B.Sc.(Lond.), Selworthy, Southwood Road, New Eltham, London, S.E.9. Nobbs, Sydney Wallace, B.A. (Cantab.), 6, Colls Road, Peckham, London, S.E.15. O’Brien, Arthur Matthew, Abadan, Persian Gulf. Peacock, Arthur Colin, B.A. (Oxon.), 43, Hawthorn Gardens, Monk-seaton, Northumberland. 300 Pinkard, Frederick William, B.Sc. (Wales), 17, Somerton Road, Newport, Mon. Platt, Joseph Horace, B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.), 3, The Crescent, Prestwich, Manchester. Poole, Harold James, B.Sc. (Lond. ), Avalleda, Balmoral Road, Park- stone, near Bournemouth, Dorset. Pyne, Gerald Thomas, A.R.C.S.I., 123, St. Lawrence Road, Clontarf, Dublin. Rhodes, James Eric Wynfield, B.Sc. (Lond.), Gorphwysfa, 1, Deyne Avenue, Prestwich, Manchester. Richardson, Miss Alice Muriel, A.R.C.S.I., 47, Kenilworth Square, Rathgar, Dublin.Sharp, Thomas Marvel, B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.), Harefield, 13, Moorland Road, Stockport. Spearing, Colin Everett, A.C.G.I., Winslade, Eversfield Road, Reigate Surrey.Stockley, Gordon Murray, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), Maratenne, 30, Windmill Road, Croydon, Surrey. Stott, Clarence, B.Sc (Leeds), Holywell Brook, Holywell Green, near Halifax, Yorks. Timmis, Laurence Barnett, B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.), 50, Claremont Road, Moss Side, Manchester. Trindle, John Henry, B.Sc. (Birm.), 142, Newcombe Road, Earlsdon, Coventyy.Watts, Hugh Gower, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), 31, Queen’s Road, Beckenham, Kent. Wheeler, Thomas Sherlock, A.R.C.S.I., 2, St. Lawrence Road, Clontarf, Dublin. Wright, Robert Norman, A.R.C.S.(Lond.), Front Street, South Hetton, Sunderland. New Students. Blount, Reginald Willis, 21, Buller Street, Derby. Clark, Geoffrey Meeker, The Rectory, Farnley, Leeds. Colley, Albert Thomas William, 260, Dawlish Road, Bournbrook, Birmingham.Creaay, William George, 18, Kohat Road, Wimbledon, London, S.W.19. Edgerton, Herbert Ayre, 5, Rathcoole Parade, Hornsey, London, N.8. Hare, Andrew Thomas Stewart, Port Seton House, Cockenzie, East Lothian. Harrow, Andrew Nicoll, 86, Ava Street, Kirkcaldy, Fife. Kirkwood, Edmund, British Dyestuffs Corporation (Huddersfield), Dalton Works, Huddersfield. Shaw, George, 8, Albion Terrace, Hartlepool, Co. Durham. Thornewell, Miss Clarice Elizabeth, 163, Rood End Road, Oldbury, near Birmingham.Townend, Donald Thomas Alfred, 133, Mount Pleasant Lane, UpperClapton, London, E.6. Turley, Harold George, 60, Harboard Street, Fulham Palace Road, London, S.W.6. 301 Wilkinson, Sidney Davis, 14, Warwick Road, Upper Clapton, London, E.5. Woodhead, George Kenworthy, Heymoor Villas, Shepley, near Hudders- field. Yapp, Miss Dorothy, Beech Hurst, Haywards Heath, Sussex. DEATHS. Fellows. Henry Bassett. William Hodgson Ellis, M.A. (Cantab.),M.B. (Toronto).Edward Kinch. George Lewin. Charles Clifton Moore. George Pilkington. John Emilius Lancelot Shadwell. Assoaiates. Frederick William Francis Day. Arthur Howard Jay. 302 General Notices. Examinations.-Examinations for the Associateship and Fellowship will be held at the Institute during the weeks commencing on the 10th and 17th January, 1921.Candidates who desire to be examined in January should notify the Registrar before Monday, 29th November, 1920. Notice to Associates.-Associates elected prior to November, 1917,who can produce evidence satisfactory to the Council that they have been continuously engaged in the study and practical applications of chemistry for at least three years since their election to the Associateship, can obtain particulars of the Regulations and forms of application for the Fellowship. Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates and Registered Students of the Institute of Chemistry who are available for appointments is kept at the Offices of the Institute.For full information, inquiries should be addressed to the Registrar. Fellows and Associates are invited to communicate with the Registrar in any instance in which they are able to assist in securing appointments for qualified chemists. Any Registered Student in the last term of his college course who desires to make preliminary arrangements with a view to obtaining an appointment may receive the Appoint- ments Register of the Institute on the same terms as Fellows and Associates, provided that his application for this privilege be endorsed by his Professor, 303 A number of Registered Students of the Institute desirous of gaining practical experience will be glad to have oppor- tunities of working in private laboratories or works during vacations.The Library.-The Library is open for the use of Fellows, Associates and Registered Students, between the hours of 10 A.M. and 6 P.M. on week-days (Saturdays: 10 A.M. and 2 P.M.) except when examinations are being held. The Library of the Chemical Society is also available for the use of Fellows and Associates of the Institute wishing to consult or borrow books, from 10A.M. to 9 P.M. on week-days : (Saturdays from 10A.M. to 5 P.M.) Changes of Address!-In view of the expense involved through frequent alterations of addressograph plates, etc., Fellows, Associates, and Students notifying changes of address are requested, to give, as far as possible, their permanent addresses for registration. Register of Chemical Assistants-The Institute maintains a Register of Chemical Assistants who have passed approved Preliminary Examinations, and in some cases Intermediate Science Examinations.These youths are capable of doing useful laboratory work and are seeking positions at a living wage, while preparing bv evening classes for their degrees and the Associateship of the Institute. Fellows and Associates who from time to time have vacancies to offer such Chemical Assistants are asked, in the first instance, to communicate with the Registrar; they will thus assist in establishing on a definite footing a register of Chemical Assistants, who should in all cases be encouraged to become students of the Institute with a prospect of quali-fying for the Associateship and Fellowship.Lecture.--See p. 283. 305 Editorial. WITH this Part the volume of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS for 1920 is completed. The Publications Committee has substantially fulfilled the programme which was arranged in the last Report of the Council. The Journal provides a con- cise record of the progress made by the Institute towards the consolidation of the profession and of the proceedings of the Council and Local Sections. It contains reports of Examinations, a record of the general business of the Institute, in addition to editorial articles and comments on matters of general interest to chemists. In the present Part attention is directed to two cases recently before the High Court of Justice ; the first relating to the powers of Chartered Bodies, and the second relating to the question of contracts of employment.The judgment delivered in the first case is of importance to the Institute, especially in view of the desire of the Council and of the general body of Fellows and Associates to expand its sphere of usefulness, and it may here be remarked that the Legal and Parliamentary Committee have reviewed the present policy of the Institute in the light of that judgment, which will no doubt afford guidance to the Council when new pro- positions are before them. Arising from the judgment, however, they find no reason to advise any change in the present policy of the Institute. The second case is likely to be of importance to chemists who are appoicted under contracts providing for restraint of practice in particular branches of work for a period sub- sequent to the determination of their contracts, and to the employers of such chemists.The comments on this case, however, while they are believed to be entirely justified, should not be taken to apply to every case that may arise. Member, therefore, should note the warning that they should obtain professional legal advice in the event of the possibility of their becoming involved in any dispute with regard to such matters. Extraordinary General Meetings. Revision of By-Laws.-An Extraordinary General Meeting of the Institute was held at 30, Russell Square, London, W.C., on Thursday, the 28th day of October, 1920, at 3.30 p.m., Sir Herbert Jackson, President, in the Chair.The meeting was called for the following purposes :-" (I) To consider and, if thought fit, approve the sub- joined new By-Laws which will be submitted to the Meeting ; and in the event of the approval thereof, with or without modifications ; (2) to consider, and, if thought fit, to pass a Resolution to the following effect :-" That the new By-Laws already approved by this meeting, and for the purpose of identification subscribed by the Chairman, be and the same are hereby approved, and that the same be and they are hereby adopted as the By-Laws of the Institute, to the exclusion of and in substitution for all the existing By-Laws." (The proposed new By-Laws were incorporated in the notice convening the Meeting.) The notice convening the meeting having been read, the President explained that the alterations had been made after consultation with the Local Sections and Honorary Corre- sponding Secretaries.He acknowledged the careful work of the Sections and Corresponding Secretaries, of the General Purposes Conimittee, the Solicitors and Counsel, to all of whom the thanks of the Institute were due for their co-operation. The proposed new By-Laws were then considered seriatim and approved with the following modifications :--On the motion of Mr. F. J. Lloyd, seconded by Dr. J. T. Dunn, in proposedBy-law 6, Clause (3),the words : "The non- receipt of any such notice by any of the Members shall not invalidate the proceedings in General Meeting ’’ were sub- stituted for the words : “ The accidental omission to serve any such notice upon any of the Members shall not invalidate the proceedings of any General Meeting.’’ On the motion of Mr. F. J. Lloyd, seconded by Mr. W. B. Ferguson, K.C., in proposed By-Law 14, Clause (I), the words : “ The instrument appointing a proxy shall be signed by the appointor. ’’ were substituted for the words ‘‘ The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointor.” In proposed By-Law 28,Clause (2),the words: “Appointing such proxy shall be signed by the appointor ’’ were sub-stituted foy the words : “ Appointing such proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointor.” On a njotion from the Chair, seconded by Mr.E. M. Hawkins, proposed By-Law 29, Clause (5) was amended to read as follows :-“ If at any time after the balloting lists have been sent to Members, and before the dissolution of the Annual General Meeting, any candidate who would otherwise have been elected, has died or has withdrawn his nomina- tion or has in any way become ineligible for office or Membership of the Council then :-(a) In the case of the election of an Officer the Members of the Council present may nominate and elect any eligible Fellow. (b) Tn the case of the election of a General Member of the Council the candidate having the next greatest number of votes shall be elected, or if there be no such candidate the Members present may nominate and elect any eligible Fellow.” in the place of :-‘‘ If at any tire after the balloting lists have been sent to Members, and before the dissolution of the Annual General Meeting, any candidate who would otherwise have been elected, has died or has withdrawn 308 his nomination, or has in any way become ineligible for Office or Membership of the Council, the candidate having the next greatest number of votes shall be elected, or if there be no such candidate, then :-(a)In the case of the election of an Officer the Members of the Council present may nominate and elect any eligible Fellow.(b) In the case of the election of a general Member of the Council the Members present may nominate and elect any eligible Fellow.” It was agreed to delete from the proposed By-Law 41 the figure (I) which had been included unnecessarily.A motion by Mr. W. B. Ferguson, seconded by Mr. C. E. Rarrs, to reduce the number of members required to nominate for election as a general Member of the Council under the pro- posed By-Law 26, Clause (I) was put to the meeting and lost. A letter received from Mr. J. H. Worrall, protesting against the fees proposed in Chapter X.was read, but, in view of the provisions of By-Law 61, under which the amount of the annual subscription is to be determined by a General Meeting, no action was taken. The President having signed the proposed By-Laws as modified, the same were duly approved by the meeting, and it was resolved nem. con.:-“That the new By-Laws, as amended, already ap-proved by this Meeting, and for the purpose of identifi- cation subscribed by the Chairman, be, and the same are hereby approved, and that the same be, and they are hereby adopted as the By-Laws of the Institute, to the exclusion of and in substitution for all the existing By-Laws.” The meeting was dissolved. 309 A further Extraordinary General Meeting of the Institute was held at 30, Russell Square, London, W.C., on Friday, the 12th day of November, 1920, at 4 p.m., for the purpose of receiving a report of the proceedings at and the result of the Extraordinary General Meeting, held on 28th October, 1920, and far the purpose of considering the Resolution passed thereat, and, if thought fit, confirming the same.Mr. George Stubbs, Vice-president, occupied the Chair, in the unavoidable absence of Sir Herbert Jackson, President. The notice convening the meeting was read with the report of the Extraordinary General Meeting held on 28th October, and the Resolution passed thereat was thereupon confirmed by the following Resolution, which was moved from the Chair and unanimously adopted :-" That the new By-laws, as approved by the General Meeting on the 28th October, and for the purpose of identification subscribed by the Chairman, be, and the same are hereby approved, and that the same be, and they are hereby adopted as the By-laws of the Institute, to the exclucion of and in substitution for all the existing By-laws." The meeting was dissolved.