摘要:

The concept of distributive justice is invoked to link certain perceptions of stratification with the Davis-Moore theory. Six hypotheses are extracted from the resulting theoretical framework and examined using 1964 Italian survey data. The findings indicate: (1) respondents believe the Davis-Moore factors of functional importance, talent and training are major influences on rewards; (2) actual rewards vary directly with perceived importance; and (3) with education; (4) there is no significant interaction effect between perceived importance and education in the determination of rewards; (5) rewards are much more strongly related to education than to perceived importance; and (6) education and importance are most strongly related to rewards in occupational groupings wherein status ascription is least. The results suggest the potential for widespread feelings of distributive injustice in Italy, and demonstrate that extensions of the theory can yield propositions amenable to empirical assessment.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.166

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Recent publications heralding “substantial black economic gains” in the sixties are found to share a common preoccupation with gaps (rather than distributions) and to rely on a common methodology. We contend that their findings are, at least in part, an artifact of their method. A new measure of trends in income inequality is developed, resulting in quite different findings. The substantive implications of the pattern of actual gains and losses is discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.181

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The contention that failure to control for age leads to an understatement of black-white income differentials is shown to be inaccurate for those aged 25–64.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.194

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Organizations as collectives act in ways not predictable from their members' attitudes. This paper argues that, contrary to Michels (1962), such organizational transcendence of members' attitudes may be a legitimate result of organized pursuit of collective goals. The legitimacy of “organizational transcendence” (a variety of emergence) is explored in the context of local churches' efforts for racial justice, including their responses to the 1969 “Black Manifesto.” The relationships between organizational transcendence and two types of legitimate control, formal and attributed legitimacy, are discussed. While both are related to transcendence, attributed legitimacy appears more directly so. Formal legitimacy is conducive to the maintenance of attributed legitimacy, which mediates much of its effect on transcendence.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.199

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In previous research on the journey to work several variables have consistently emerged as correlates of distance commuted. Unfortunately, virtually all previous analyses have been confined to metropolitan areas. Thus, there is a question of the generalizability of these findings to less urbanized regions. The present research examines the commuting patterns of 959 white male employees of a large manufacturing facility in rural Illinois. Hypotheses regarding the impact of (1) SES, (2) age, and (3) length of employment upon distance between place of residence and place of work are tested by least-squares analysis. The results indicate no support for any of the hypotheses derived from the model of metropolitan commuting. Further, the composite effect of the independent variables accounts for only one percent of the variation in distance traveled to work. These findings strongly indicate that the model of metropolitan commuting is not applicable to nonmetropolitan regions.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.212

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In general, most metropolitan dwellers continue both to work and live within either central city or suburban rings of metropolitan areas. Nevertheless, travel across central city boundaries, inward and outward, was increasing slightly in the 1960–70 decade. And tendencies to live and work in central city or suburban rings vary clearly by the age and population size of the metropolitan area.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.220

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Using annual data from 1951–70, for 467 U.S. cities, this study reexamines the extent to which reported crime offenses between the South and non-South continue to manifest regional differences. Alternative structuralist and normative hypotheses are evaluated with respect to both property and personal crimes. The data generally support a structural interpretation of converging crime trends with some lag among selected person crime categories. The effects of census regions and states are also examined, and here the data tentatively indicate a small but potentially increasing state effect.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.226

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper discusses the trend in feelings of political efficacy among United States adults from 1964 to 1970 in the context of theories of political socialization. This literature has characteristically treated “regime norms” as established early in political socialization and largely independent of subsequent political events, a conception challenged herein. A second theoretical issue concerns the claim that stable democracies require large and constant “reservoirs of diffuse support” which enable them to weather periodic crises of effectiveness. The implication (drawn by the theorists themselves) is that components of diffuse support (including but not limited to political efficacy) are largely independent of disappointments with day-to-day political outputs, and this too is rendered unlikely by our results.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.243

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The inadequacy of our present conceptualization of the part played by channels of communication in the diffusion of innovations is explored. Present thought distinguishes two types of communication channels: (1) the mass media, versus (2) interpersonal channels. The inadequacy of this conceptualization—especially in underdeveloped areas—is outlined and rectified by introducing an intermediate type of communication channel: the local media. Using data gathered in El Salvador, each of the three types of communication channels is placed in a structural model involving antecedent demographic considerations and consequent variables measuring participation in the adoption process. Comparisons of the structural coefficients associated with each type of communication channel, not only distinguish the different part played by the three types of channels, but also confirm the importance of the local media in the diffusion of innovations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.256

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.1.275

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP