摘要:

Adult olive fruit flies,Dacus oleae(Gmelin), were able to survive and reproduce when fed pollens from 5 wind pollinated plant species, at two concentrations, 1 and 10%, in a 20% sucrose solution, as well as honeydews from 3 insects parasitic on the olive tree. Pollens can be utilized by the olive fruit flies in two ways, either by ingesting whole pollen grains of size equal or less than 149 microns, or by sucking liquids of plant or animal origin such as plant exudations, honeydews, etc., into which trapped pollen grains have released their contents.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.390

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The density of stations in on-line weather monitoring networks for pest management is likely to be rather low because of the cost of maintaining them. Multiple and simple linear regression techniques provide a means of estimating missing data, and of estimating temperatures at the much denser “a” network stations of the National Weather Service. In general, the improvement in the multiple correlation coefficient by using more than 2 stations as predictors is marginal, and when the resulting temperatures are used to compute degree-days, one predictor station is nearly as good as 14. That is true whether one predictive equation is used for the season or if new equations for consecutive 15-day periods in the season are used.Computer-generated maps provide a convenient means for estimating degree-day accumulation at locations between weather stations. By using regression equations to estimate temperatures for stations that are not on-line, it is possible to increase the resolution of the accumulated degree-day maps.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.393

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Results of laboratory and field tests on parasitism of eggs of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis(Hübner) (ECB), reveal thatTrichogramma nubilaleErtle and Davis searches in a distinctive manner on corn. The host-searching behavior exhibited by this parasite appears well adapted to the ECB and is evidence of its host specificity. The results also show that the performance of this oöphage is significantly influenced by the choice of release sites within the host habitat.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.400

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The following 20 species were recorded as egg predators of the velvetbean caterpillar,Anticarsia gemmatalisHübner, in Florida soybeans: Orthoptera,Pictonemobius ambitiosus(Scudder); Dermaptera,Labidura riparia(Pallas),Doru taeniatum,. (Dohrn); Hemiptera,Orius insidiosus(Say),Nabis deceptivusHarris,Nabis capsiformisGermar,Nabis roseipennisReuter,Pachybrachius bilobatus(Say),Spanogonicus albofasciatus(Reuter),Halticus bractatus(Say); Coleoptera, undetermined coccinellid larva; NeuropteraChrysopa rufilabrisBurmeister,Chrysopasp., Formicidae,Pheidole dentataMayr,Conomyrma flavopecta(M. R. Smith),Solenopsis geminata(Fabr.),Solenopsis invictaBuren,Cardiocondyla nuda minutiorForel,Monomorium viridumBrown; Arachnida,Chiracanthium inclusum(Hentz).Egg predators were identified during continuous diurnal observation of eggs placed in the field and by recovering radioactive predators after placing32P labeled eggs in the field. Ants and earwigs were recorded as egg predators most frequently during continuous observations. Nabids, chrysopids, and spiders were recorded as egg predators most frequently while using the radioactive tracer. The mean rate of predation on theA. gemmataliseggs placed in the field for 24 h was 26%. Twelve Species of predators were observed attacking 1st instars ofA. gemmatalis.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.403

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Southwestern corn borer girdling activity was greatly reduced in corn grown between banks of fluorescent lights timed to increase light intensity without lengthening photo-phase. There were no significant differences observed in stalk moisture contents or soluble solids percentages between control and lighted plants. The increased light intensity did not alter the induction of diapause among the test insects.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.408

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Four entomopathogenic viruses and one each of an entomopathogenic bacterium, fungus, and protozoan were inactivated when exposed to ultraviolet light; the half-life was less than 4 h in every instance. Relative ranking in stability of the entomopathogens was as follows:B. thuringiensisBerliner>Nomuraea rileyi(Farlow) Samson>entomopox Virus>nucleopolyhedrosis virus = cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus>Vairimorpha(=Nosema)necatrix(Kramer)>granulosis virus.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.411

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Solenopsis invictaBuren workers retrieved greenhouse whiteflies [Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)], annelids, sowbugs, mites, springtails, and scale insects. An estimated 15,408 immature and 2588 adultT. vaporariorum/day were removed fromLantana camaraplants byS. invicta. Mean rates of movement of ants on the foraging trail ranged 1.96–2.31 cm/sec., and speeds of host-carrying and non-host-carrying ants were not significantly different. Foraging activity was maintained 24 h/day.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.416

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Intensive sampling of commercial Concord grape vineyards in North East, PA during 1971–73 revealed the presence of 5 chrysopid species and 5 hemerobiid species. Four species each of Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae were collected during this period in fencerow areas bordering commercial vineyards, while only 2 chrysopids and one hemerobiid were collected in an abandoned vineyard. Chrysopids collected were, in descending order of abundance,Chrysopa oculataSay,C. carneaStephens,C. rufilabrisStephens,C. harrisiiFitch, andC. quadripunctataBurmeister. Hemerobiids collected were, in descending order of abundance,Micromus posticus(Walker),M. subanticus(Walker),Hemerobius humulinusL.,H. stigmaterusFitch, andSympherobius amiculus(Fitch). Neuroptera began activity in vineyards mainly during Aug. and reached a peak in Sept. Vineyard sprays of carbaryl appeared to delay build-up of lacewing populations, although total numbers collected in sprayed vs. unsprayed plots were not significantly different.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.419

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The relative densities of yellow pecan aphids within mature trees were examined for 1972 and 1973. In both years the aphid populations demonstrated 2 pronounced peaks. The population levels of yellow aphids had an effect on their distribution within the tree as related to height and direction. The aphids preferred the lower portion of the tree canopy, but once the saturation level was reached, no preference was shown. By increasing the number of trees sampled and the number of sampling dates in 1973, trends in the aphid distribution within the canopy showed that directional preferences changed throughout the dates sampled.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.429

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A statistical model was developed to study the behavior of yellow pecan aphids within the tree. The various components in the model are discussed as to their meaning biologically.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/6.3.435

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP