摘要:

Cultural diffusion occurs as a logistic process and the dependent variables in this investigation are origin, rate and asymptotes from logistic equations which were fitted by Zvi Griliches to through-time data on the adoption of hybrid corn in each of 132 crop-reporting districts.In multiplicative power functions measures, actual reinforcement to farmers explained 57 percent of the variance in the rate of adoption, expected reinforcement to farmers explained 59 percent of the variance in the asymptotes of the logistic processes and expected reinforcement to developers explained 91 percent of the variance in the origins. This is evidence for the possible importance of reinforcement in explaining variations in macro social change processes.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.743

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Parsons and McClelland provide competing theories about the relationship betweennAchievement (nAch) and the business cycle. McClelland maintainsnAch levels are fixed by generations and are insensitive to short-term variations such as the business cycle. Parsons argues that both levels ofnAch and economic activity can be viewed as manifestations of phase movement. Two hypotheses are evaluated using the featured functional positions (N= 2,370) inTimemagazine from 1923–70. Hypothesis I predicted a positive correlation between the proportion of external positions and the business cycle. Hypothesis II predicted a positive correlation between levels ofnAch and the business cycle. Hypothesis I was supported. Hypothesis II was supported when the World War II period was eliminated from the time series. Further analysis ofnPower is suggested to clarify these relationships.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.760

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Observing a plethora of small entrepreneurial activities in the cities of developing countries, this paper examines the social significance of these occupational activities. The data gathered from a Korean city suggest that small entrepreneurship provides occupational niches to marginal migrant workers as well as an alternative to the bureaucratic channel of upward social mobility for a significant proportion of urban residents. These findings are interpreted by using the conception of occupational situs, which promises greater analytical utility in the study of developing societies than the unidimensional conception of occupational structure.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.775

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The hypothesis was tested that antecedent negative self-attitudes significantly increase the probability of subsequent deviant responses among subjects who have not already adopted deviant response patterns.The hypothesis was derived in the context of a general theory of deviant behavior. People who develop negative self-attitudes in their membership groups are said to newly adopt deviant responses in the service of the self-esteem motive as alternatives to the now intrinsically disvalued normative response patterns associated with the prior development of self-rejecting attitudes.Data were obtained in the course of a longitudinal study of junior high school students from subjects present at both of the first two testings (n= 4,694). The questionnaires were administered at annual intervals.Self-attitudes were measured by a 7-item self-derogation scale. Deviant behavior was indicated by self-reports of 22 acts. Chi-square analysis was used to test the null hypothesis.As hypothesized, among students who denied performing the act during a period prior to the first testing, for each of 22 deviant acts, subjects who at the first testing were low in self-derogation (relative to those who were medium and high) were significantly less likely at the time of the second testing to indicate performance of the deviant act during the intervening year.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.788

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper reports the results of fitting migration rules based on gravity models and the theory of intervening opportunities to the “flow” of crimes among urban locations. Crime, like other phenomena of demographic flow, is shown to be subject to the general class of inverse distance variations formulated as gravity laws. While the theory of intervening opportunities fares poorly in comparison to models incorporating a measure of distance, the best fit achieved empirically is based on a composite gravity rule that includes a term roughly equivalent to Stouffer's concept of opportunities. A separate analysis of the flow of property crimes failed to improve the fit of models otherwise successful in predicting the flow of all crimes.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.802

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Comparisons of the married male populations of two rapidly growing metropolitan communities in developing societies reveal patterns of status attainment of migrants similar to those found in United States communities. Rural origin penalizes migrants through its effects on educational attainment, as has been suggested in research on developed societies. Otherwise, there is little support for the idea that overurbanization will have a deleterious effect on the economic adjustment of migrants to large cities in developing societies. Migrants from cities were found to achieve higher than expected levels of attainment, net of their background characteristics.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.816

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A recent article by Sheingold calls for reviving the voting research agenda left unfinished by the Columbia School, including its emphasis on social networks as determinants of individual party choice. Two hypotheses about the relationship of social networks to party choice are tested on data from an Israeli election survey: (1) measures of social network ties to parties are more highly correlated with party choice than are standard background attributes such as class or ethnicity; (2) more important, the impact of social networks is substantial even after controlling for individuals' background attributes. The second hypothesis is based on the work of V. O. Key, and has not been tested on individual data previously. Both hypotheses are supported by the data.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.833

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Two traditions of thought about schools are examined in an effort to disentangle the theoretical and ideological components in each. It is argued that the tradition culminating in Jencks' work is better seen as policy research than as an answer to the sociological problem of the effects of schools on students. A tradition of radical criticism of schools is more explicitly ideological, but it offers an implicit theory of the effects of schooling which is of great sociological interest.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.848

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper supports the multidimensional conceptualization of religiosity by presenting empirical evidence for a strikingly similar dimensional pattern for a group of German and American students. An oblique factor analytic rotation solution identified six dimensions of religiosity: belief, experience, religious practice, religious knowledge, individual moral consequences, and social consequences. Factor intercorrelations show that for both Germans and Americans religious knowledge and social consequences appear to be unique dimensions that are essentially unrelated to the other dimensions investigated. The remaining dimensions—belief, experience, and religious practice, and to some extent the individual moral consequence dimension—while differentiated in the oblique rotation solution, also form a more generic dimension of religiosity when second-order factor analysis is applied. Our interpretation is that differing numbers of dimensions, and differing content in lower- and higher-order dimensions of religiosity are not logically inconsistent in that they are derived from variant orders of abstraction.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.866

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study seeks the empirically elusive dimension of civil religion which has been suggested by Bellah and others. It is done against the backdrop of previously established orientations to church religion. Items designed for both civil and church religious dimensions are factor analyzed and obliquely rotated. In contrast to previously unsuccessful efforts with less direct techniques, civil religion clearly emerges as a distinct factor, separate from other types of religious commitment dimensions. While civil religion correlates positively with religious experience, belief, and behavior, it distinguishes itself from the church religious dimensions in a pair of positively related, higher order factors.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/54.4.890

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP