摘要:

The authors examine data from 1968 and 1972 for possible systematic displacement effects in judgments made of candidates' positions on the issues of urban unrest and Vietnam. There was a pervasive tendency to overestimate the similarity of one's own views and those of the preferred candidate. This occurred to a greater extent for Nixon voters in 1968 and 1972 and Humphrey voters in 1968 than for McGovern voters in 1972 and Wallace voters in 1968. The tendency to overestimate the difference between one's views and those of nonpreferred candidates was much less reliable. From detailed analyses using own position, vote, race, importance, party, and others as control variables, six propositions emerge. Findings are related to balance theory and the Pollyanna hypothesis, and implications are briefly discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.1

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The applicability of the neo-Marxian and middle majority models to cultural cleavages between occupational categories was investigated with 1965–71 Canadian Gallup poll data. While the summary cultural scores showed modest differences by occupation, the largest cleavage separated professionals from nonprofessionals. For the 18 individual topics, marked differences appeared between nonmanual and manual (neo-Marxian cleavage) for economic topics and between professionals and nonprofessionals for “compassionate” topics, but there were essentially no differences for the remaining topics. The mostly small effects of occupation on cultural scores suggest that the typically low level of class voting in Canadian federal elections is attributable less to the lack of class-differentiated choice provided by the two major parties than to the Canadian electorate's non-class opinions on most topical issues.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.16

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In this analysis of 7,443 parish clergy from six mainstream Protestant denominations, we have examined the clustering of religious beliefs. The survey provides a substantially more sophisticated array of theological belief than previous research, and covers sixteen theological content areas. Underlying these belief statements are a small number of factors which are, with minor exceptions, similar across denominations. The key factor which represents the major dimension of belief among Protestant clergy forms a continuum from a relatively literal to a relatively demythologized interpretation of the faith. We have conluded, therefore, that the structure of belief among mainstream Protestant clergy is unidimensional. We would further speculate that the most significant concomitants of belief would stem from this fact.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.30

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The pattern of age differences in voluntary association memberships found in previous studies is consistently curvilinear But association membership levels are related to income and education and older persons have lower levels of income and education than younger persons. Data from the 1972 CPS American National Election Study (N =2,597) and the 1974 NORC General Social Survey (N = 1,352) are analyzed by Multiple Classification Analysis in order to examine the pattern of age differences in voluntary association memberships after removing the effects of income and education to see whether the curvilinear pattern can be explained by socioeconomic variation among different age strata. The resulting patterns show increasing levels of membership through the age range 35–44 and then either generally stable or increasing levels through the age range 75 +. Similar findings are in evidence for both males and females, although males have higher association membership levels at all ages. The characteristically lower association membership levels found among the older age strata, therefore, appear to be attributable to the manner in which their socioeconomic characteristics differ from other age strata.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.43

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The authors construct a regional model of residential segregation in the South, using demographic and socioeconomic variables. Based on an analysis of the age, size, percent black, and occupational and income differentials in 32 southern cities, the findings show that: (1) age is still the strongest predictor of residential segregation; (2) socioeconomic factors need to be examined in their traditional southern context as indicators of residential segregation; (3) occupational—not income—differences have the greater effect on levels of residential segregation; and (4) changes in socioeconomic status for blacks in the South have not been accompanied by concomitant changes in residential segregation. Problems of developing and testing causal models of segregation are discussed, combined with specific suggestions for future research.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.59

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

White and Negro inmigration rates into central city census tracts of five Virginia metropolitan areas were analyzed in terms of ecological characteristics-socioeconomic, demographic, and housing quality characteristics and the heterogeneity of these characteristics. As hypothesized, white inmigration rates exceeded Negro rates. Both white and Negro rates were higher in tracts with higher socioeconomic levels and better housing quality, and with smaller shares of Negro population but larger shares of families in child-rearing stages. Diversity of ecological characteristics proved to be less important than the tract characteristics, themselves, in the analysis of net relationships. Although the explained variance in Negro inmigration rates was much lower than that for whites, comparisons of the pattern of ecological determinants for the two races showed more similarities than differences.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.72

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.85

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.89

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The existence of an actor as a set of asymmetric relations to and from every actor in a network of relations is specified as the position of the actor in the network. Conditions of strong versus weak structural equivalence of actor positions in a network are defined. Network structure is characterized in terms of structurally nonequivalent, jointly occupied, network positions located in the observed network. The social distances of actors from network positions are specified as unobserved variables in structural equation models in order to extend the analysis of networks into the etiology and consequences of network structure.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.93

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study examines the impact of some basic exchange-theory variables, the value and scarcity of outcomes, on perceptions of Self and Other power in a conflict setting. Each respondent took the role of an employee in conflict with an employer, and assessed the magnitude of Self and Other (employer) power. Four variables are manipulated: Self's outcome scarcity, the value of the outcome to Self, Other's outcome scarcity, and the value of the outcome to Other. The results are consistent with predictions drawn from the Blau, and Emerson (a, b) treatments of dependence relations. The results suggest that the stakes contending parties have in a conflict encounter bear on power perceptions, and an elaboration of a recently formulated theory of power perception is undertaken on the basis of the data.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.1.123

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP