摘要:

This article adopts a community ecology approach to study the employment dynamics of large Canadian organizations from 1985 to 1992. We construct a dynamic model of organization-level employment incorporating organizational characteristics, interactions with other organizations in a productive sector, relationships with other productive sectors in an economy, and aggregate economic indicators. Our results demonstrate the importance of interactions among different productive sectors for understanding employment dynamics of large organizations in a national economy. Furthermore, they illustrate the benefits of uniting organizational ecology ideas with research on employment dynamics.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.1

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Extant research is inconclusive on whether recent state patterns of manufacturing growth and decline are influenced by state economic development programs. In general, this research fails to situate states' development programs in the broader political economy of state economic development. In this article, we extend Gordon, Edwards, and Reich's (1982) historical framework for the analysis of social structures of accumulation to elucidate state-level economic development. Hypotheses derived from this model are tested by performing a pooled, cross-sectional, time-series analysis of state-level manufacturing growth rates for the period from 1970 to 1985. Findings indicate that manufacturing growth is related to several dimensions of states' political economies including state fiscal capacities, the organizational capacity of labor, social wage policies, and state political/electoral context. Findings suggest that state-sponsored economic development policies have minimal effects.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.33

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.64

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The percent female of an occupation lowers the pay it offers to both men and women, net of skill demands, nonpecuniary amenities and disamenities, and industrial and organizational characteristics. Net of these variables, including percent female, occupations involving nurturance offer lower wages to both men and women. We interpret these net wage penalties for working in a more female occupation, and for doing nurturant work, as sex discrimination in wage setting; occupations and types of skill are devalued because they are typically done by women. We suggest a thesis of the gendered valuation of roles and skills. The sex gap in pay would be reduced by policies mandating comparable worth in setting occupations' pay levels. Other factors contributing to the sex gap in pay include men's higher representation in jobs with authority and in occupations typically located in higher paying industries. Some nonpecuniary amenities and disamenities affect pay consistent with the theory of compensating differentials, but these make no contribution to the sex gap in pay.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.65

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article uses a Marxist conception of class structure to develop an account of intergenerational mobility based on the viability of strategies available to parents to secure their children's future material welfare. Mobility opportunities reflect the relative capacities of parents throughout the class structure to transmit productive property, skills and organizational control to their offspring, and the barriers to entry associated with particular class destinations. The mobility regime is parameterized as a loglinear model incorporating terms for general class persistence, immobility with respect to productive property, organizational resources and skill, and disaffinities between capitalists and workers. Data from the Comparative Project on Class Structure and Class Consciousness are used to investigate this model among women and men in the U.S., Sweden, Norway, Canada, and Australia.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.101

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Dominant economic theories of black market research do not sufficiently explain why East Indian merchants in Belize City are particularly active in Belize's foreign-exchange black market. This article develops a sociological theory depicting black markets as social structures and relates the structure of ethnic trading networks to the demand for “black money” by focusing on the crime of underinvoicing. I describe the East Indian network, then discuss the evolution of ethnic black markets more generally.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.135

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article examines the subculture of violence thesis using data on young males (N = 2,213) across 87 high schools. Aggregate analyses show that values reflecting a subculture of violence have substantial effects on the level of interpersonal violence among high school boys. Contextual analyses suggest that the school subculture of violence operates through a social control process. A contextual measure of school values regarding violence has a direct effect on interpersonal violence, controlling for individuals' commitment to these values. These results contradict the usual explanation of how the subculture of violence affects violent behavior. Further, evidence implying that values regarding violence predict other forms of delinquency suggests that the results may reflect a subculture of delinquency rather than a subculture of violence. Finally, young males are most likely to engage in delinquency when they go to schools where academics are valued, controlling for their own academic values.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.155

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Affect control theory provides a rigorous, testable model of emotion. We use simulations based on this theory to develop predictions about the impact of emotion displays on identity attributions and subsequent sentencing recommendations in the context of criminal confessions. We then test these predictions with an experimental study using vignettes of criminal confessions. Students responded to mock criminal confessions by drivers responsible for vehicular manslaughter who either appeared to be remorseful or showed no signs of remorse. Path analyses supported the predictions that displays of remorse have an indirect effect on severity of sentence recommendation through impact on identity assessment.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.175

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Though empirical support for resource mobilization explanations of collective action in the U.S. is strong, it is still uncertain whether the theory offers adequate explanations for collective action in nonaffluent or crisis-ridden settings. This article examines whether collective action increases as a function of increased hardship or improved political opportunities and/or economic resources for mobilization in the West Bank context. This question is evaluated by parametric statistical models and event history data on collective political events that occurred in the area over the 1976–85 period. The analysis reveals that resource mobilization explanations were far superior in explaining collective action in the present case than the deprivation account. However, contrary to expectations, direct repression increased the rate of Palestinian collective action while state vulnerability decreased it during the period examined. The findings also indicate that the influence of resources is contingent on the form of state vulnerability in existence.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.191

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

We used data from the National Survey of Families and Households to investigate economic resources and parental behavior explanations for family structure effects on children. The economic explanation received considerable support in terms of singlemother disadvantage and accounted for a smaller proportion of disadvantage associated with mother-partner families. Parental behaviors, particularly maternal and paternal support, accounted for much smaller proportions of disadvantages found in motherstepfather as well as mother-partner families. Parental behaviors did not appear to mediate any of the economic resource effects on children.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.1.221

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP