摘要:

Whether culture is an expression of social integration, is implicated in social disorganization, or is a collective response to deep-seated economic and social problems is a perennial topic of scholarly debate both in the social sciences and in the humanities. Examined here are the empirical consequences implied by three contending positions in a study of metropolitan conditions related to the supply of various types of music. Indicators of social dislocation include population change and the rates of violent crime, suicide, and divorce; alienation is measured by an indicator of status inconsistency, specifically by the extent to which peoples' education and occupational attainments are incongruent. The findings indicate that traditional, elite music is largely independent of deleterious social conditions and accompanied by a low level of alienation. Whereas popular music is related to forms of social dislocation, these relations can largely be explained by prevailing economic inequalities and a high level of alienation.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.883

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Decisions of “gatekeepers” in abstract avantgarde art are characterized by less independence than decisions made by their counterparts in different figurative styles. This difference is seen to be related to the character of professional ideologies within the framework of which the two sets of “gatekeepers” work. Specifically, the demand for the absolute freedom of artistic expression and the proscription of judgment in the philosophy of avantgarde create a situation in which decisions cannot be based on established criteria. Consequently, such decisions are sought after in the “social reality” of the inner circle of the avantgarde. None of the approaches underlying various figurative styles, in contrast, require absolute openness. The availability of specific criteria for evaluating figurative art renders a similar reliance on “social reality” unnecessary and, accordingly, individual judgment prevails in “gatekeeping” choices. In the Israeli art world, avantgarde and figurative art coexist in two exclusive subsystems and thus provide a unique opportunity to observe in high relief the patterns of judgment characteristic of each.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.903

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The household structure and family formation relationship has been theoretically central to family sociology and social demography. However, empirical evidence of strong links has been elusive, perhaps because the important links change with modernization and vary across societies with different heritages. We examine the relationship in Thailand where postnuptial residence expectations vary by ethnicity and residence. As expected, the relationship between household structure and family formation is weak, but the pattern changes in a theoretically appealing manner. Strength of the relationship depends on the institutional context which defines parental roles and stakes in the marital choice and fertility behavior of their children. Quite unexpectedly, our work shows that postnuptial residence has been conceptualized far too simplistically: husband and wife often live apart after marriage and this pattern has been quite common for some time in Thailand. After demonstrating the plausibility of this finding, we discuss its theoretical implications.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.926

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper compares political activists from four community protest organizations, formed in response to the March 1979 accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant.Using survey data, newsletters, and fieldwork, we document the existence of two separate paths to protest involvement. In two communities, recruitment was less likely to occur along the lines of established social networks. Instead, utilitarian alliances grounded on shared grievances were constructed.A second distinct path accounted for activism in two larger communities where many of the activists reported previous protest experience. In these communities, existing friendship networks were utilized.Two years after the accident, significant network and ideological differences between the groups persisted. We suggest that analysts work to specify the conditions for different paths to activism.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.951

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper evaluates dual economy theory and research on the problem of sex differences in earnings. General Social Survey data are used to demonstrate that (1) the four most commonly used measures of the dual economy (Beck, Horan&Tolbert 1978; Bibb&Form 1977; Hodson 1977; Tolbert, Horan&Beck 1980) are extremely inconsistent when allocating women and men to industrial sectors, (2) the inconsistency results in markedly different empirical estimates of the role of the dual economy in generating sex differences in earnings, and (3) the dual economy measures provide only modest support—if any at all—for hypotheses derived from dual economy theory. In the closing section I consider the use of multiple, continuous measures of industrial structure in dual economy research.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.970

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper examines the effects of residence in metropolitan areas and migration from nonmetropolitan areas to metropolitan areas on the earnings of American Indian and Alaskan Native householders aged 25–54. The results indicate that: (1) the earnings of metropolitan Indians are markedly higher than those of nonmetropolitan Indians, but the earnings of nonmetropolitan-to-metropolitan migrants are very little more than those of nonmetropolitan stayers; and, (2) the difference in earnings between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan Indians is due to better opportunities in metropolitan areas and to the interaction between these opportunities and the higher levels of human capital of metropolitan Indians.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.994

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Data from a variety of sources are used to explore the relation between emotions and cognitions. Instead of positingtherelation between cognitions and emotions, we explore the variety of ways that people experience their thoughts and feelings. A typology demonstrates four ways an individual may respond to a situation: reflexive and emotional, unreflexive and emotional, reflexive and without feeling, and neither reflexive nor emotional. In addition to describing these experiences, we examine the circumstances that give rise to them. By recognizing that individuals can suspend reflexivity, we begin to bridge the gap between the positivist and interactionist conceptions of emotion.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.1009

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The second moment of distributions of responses to inquiries about prestige is taken here to provide evidence about the relevance of the concept of prestige in the way we view specific social statuses. We find something cognitively hierarchical attached to the occupational pursuits of men that is less present in those of women. Prestige is particularly irrelevant in evaluations of housewifery.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.1028

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

We replicate and extend studies of job-matching by Lin, Ensel, and Vaughn (1981) and Bridges and Villemez (1986), concentrating on the effects of social network resources on the following outcomes of job-changes: occupational prestige, wages, industrial sector, firm size, possession of authority, and closeness of supervision. Our replication confirms major findings of prior work, and demonstrates that these are not affected by incidental selection bias or the absence of controls for the immediately preceding levels of outcome variables. Our extensions, however, qualify the social resources argument by indicating that effects of different social resource measures are largely outcome-specific: no single measure among those studied appears as a general indicator of “social capital” providing advantages in matching people to a broad range of valued outcomes. The analyses also show no significant net effects of tie strength on either mobility outcomes or access to social resources.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.1038

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Data on U.S. suicide rates and marital integration by age, race, and sex for 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970 are used to test the status integration theory. All of the correlations among age groups between marital integration values and suicide rates are negative as predicted, but the correlations are greater for males. Moreover, the female correlation has declined substantially, so that by 1970 it was negligible for both white and nonwhite females. Most importantly, for both sexes and any year the negative correlation between marital integration and the suicide rate is due to the correlation between those variables and occupational integration (positive for marital integration and negative for the suicide rate).

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/66.4.1060

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP