摘要:

426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents.It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9426700059

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents.It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN942670060b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents.It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate.There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international.The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr. Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively.Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies. Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited.The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9426700061

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

62 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN OTHER JOURNALS Food and Drugs Fractionation of Wheat Starch. VII. Retro-gradation of Starch Solution. VPII. The Phosphorus of Wheat Starch. L. €3. Lampitt, C. H. F. Fuller and N. Goldenberg. ( J . SOC. Chem. Ind. 1941 60 175-184; 231-241.)-VII. Examination of the aqueous solutions of the fractions of wheat starch ground in a ball mill (cf. ANALYST, 1941. 66 499) has shown that whilst the C.W.So1. fractions show comparatively little tendency to retrograde from solution under the conditions used, the H.Wr.Sol. fractions retrograde very considerably under suitable conditions. The retrograding prop-erties of the solutions of the wheat starch fractions have so far been best differentiated by keeping 2 per cent.solutions a t 4” C. for 7 days. The results obtained indicate that the extent of retrogradation irom solution is governed inter alia both by the mean molecular weight of the fractions and by their colloidal structure. In the one instance examined, the mean molecular weight of the retrograded portion was greater than that of the corresponding non-retrograded portion. In aqueous suspension, the particles of retrograded wheat starch do not show double refraction in plane polarised light. Retrograded wheat starch can be readily re-dissolved in water on heating its aqueous suspension to boiling. X-ray diffraction patterns of a number of the dried retrograded portions of C.W.So1. and H.W. Sol. fractions were sharper and more intense than those of the corresponding non-retrograded portions.Tentative definitions are suggested for the terms “ starch sol,” “ starch mhition,” “ starch paste,” “starch suspension,” “ gelatinisation,” “ gelation” and “ retrogradation,” and the available evidence on the connection between retrogradation, gel formation and syneresis has been briefly re-viewed. VIII. A study has been made of the distribution of the phosphorus of wheat starch (a) among the fractions obtained from the starch a t different stages of the grinding process (b) after the precipita-tion of the starch fractions by alcohol and (c) after retrogradation. (a) From 60 to 80 per cent. of the phosphorus was found to be associated with the H.W.So1. fractions a t all stages of grinding (0-470) ; this is attributed to the greater resistance of the phosphorus-bearing starch to breakdown during grinding.Much of the phosphorus contained in the C.W.So1. fractions but little of that contained in the H.W.So1. fractions was dialysable. Correlation of these results with the reducing powers of the fractions (ANALYST 1941 66 249) indicates that in the C.W.So1. fractions part of the starch is phosphorus-free whereas in the H.W.So1. fractions there are on the average about two atoms of non-dialysable phosphorus to a starch macromolecule. (b) The proportion of dialysable phosphorus in the C.W.Sol. fractions was not affected significantly by precipitation by 70 per cent. alcohol (ANALYST, 1941 66 499) ; on the other hand some of the non-dialysable phosphorus present in the H.W.So1.fractions was split off by this treatment. (c) The retrograded portion of both the C.W.So1. and H.W.So1. fractions has a higher phosphorus content than that of the portion that does not retrograde. Although the proportions of starch retrograding out from solutions of the H.W.So1. fractions vary considerably with temperature and concentrations the phosphorus content of the retrograded portion remains relatively constant. The results obtained are interpreted as a working hypothesis on the basis of wheat starch containing a starch-phosphorus complex which is insoluble in cold water but soluble in boiling water and separates from solution on keeping a t lower temperatures. It is concluded that grinding first depolymerises the phosphorus-free starch the phosphorus-rich part remaining essentially unaffected until no more of the other remains unchanged.A possible rcason for the greater resistance of the phosphorus-rich fraction of wheat starch to breakdown may lie in the presence therein of phosphorus “ bridges ” between separate starch macro molecules. Determination of Furfural-yielding Sub-stances and Fermentable Carbohydrates in Grain. C. C. Vernon and M. A. Metzner. (Cewal Chem. 1941 l S 572-584; J . Inst. Brewing, 1942 48 25-26.)-The true fermentable starch content of grain may be found by determining the total carbohydrates and subtracting the amount due to pentosans. Total carbohydrates are deter-mined as “ starch ’ by the A.O.A.C. acid-hydrolysis method and pentosans by conversion into furfural, which is determined by bromination.The special apparatus devised for the production and distilla-tion of the furfural comprises a 500-ml. Kjeldahl flask with side-arm attachment for a burette-cylinder a splash-bulb bearing a tube which dips to the bottom of the flask and a 500-ml. conical receiver graduated in 30-ml. divisions. All joints are of ground-glass and the receiver is closed to prevent volatilisation of furfural. About 3 g. of the finely ground sample and 100 ml. of 12 per cent. hydrochloric acid are distilled a t the rate of 30 ml. in 30 minutes the loss being replaced by running in 30 ml. of 12 per cent. hydrochloric acid from the burette-cylinder every 10 minutes. Care must be takcn not to overheat the grain on the walls of the flask.After collection of 270 ml. the distillation is stopped the distillate is made up to 300 ml. with 12 per cent. hydrochloric acid and 100mI. of the mixture are cooled to 0” C. in a stoppered 100-ml FOOD AND DRUGS 63 conical flask. Twenty-five ml. of standard bromate-bromide solution previously cooled to 0" C. are adedd and allowed to react with occasional shaking, for exactly 4 minutes after which 10 ml. of 10 per cent. potassium iodide solution at 0" C. are added, and the liberated iodine is titrated with N/10 sodium thiosulphate solution. A blank test on 100ml. of the acid alone is made a t tine same time. Under these conditions only 1 mol. of bromine reacts with 1 mol. of furfural and each ml. of N/lO thio-sulphate solution (blank minus sample) is equivalent to 0-0082g.cf pentosan. Determinations on rye, maize barley malt and distiller's grains gave results agreeing well with those obtained by the standard phloroglucinol method. Fermentation tests on 6 samples of maize gave theoretical yields of alcohol (95 per cent.) calculated 0 the basis of fermentable carbohydrates (" starch less pento-sans) found in each sample it being assumed that there was 88 per cent. starch conversion. Detection and Determination of Pyridine Bases in Denatured Spirit. H D. Suri G. S. Ahluwalia and €3. B. Dunnicliff. ( J . Indian Chem. Soc, 1941 18 273-276.)-Spirit is ordinarily denatured in India by addition of 0.5 per cent. of light caoutchoucine and 0.5 per cent. of pyridine bases of guaranteed mineral origin 2.e.commercial 00/160 pyridine conforming to the Government of India specifications and consisting principally of pyridine picolines lutidines and collidines. Aque-ous solutions of pyridine can be titrated with standard sulphuric acid with methyl orange, bromophenol blue (in absence of alcohol) or Congo-red paper (externally) as indicator provided that ammonia and caustic alkalis are absent. Presence of these is indicated by alkalinity to phenolphthalein or litmus paper and the solution may then be accurately neutralised to phenolphthalein and titra-tion of the pyridine continued with N/10 sulphuric acid. To remove alcohol and caustic alkalis or non-volatile alkaloidal bases the following method is applied. The denatured spirit (100 ml.) is just acidified to Congo-red paper with dilute sulphuric acid and distilled in a Thorpe's revenue still until about 3 ml.of residue remain. When cold the residue is made slightly alkaline to litmus with dilute sodium hydroxide solution (the odour of any pyridine present will be perceptible during this operation) the mixture is distilled and the distillate of about 100 ml. is adjustcd to 100 ml. with water. The distillate should be neutral to phenolphthalein, thus indicating absence of ammonia. An aliquot portion (10 ml.) is titrated with N/10 sulphuric acid, with bromophenol blue methyl orange or Congo-red paper as indicator and the volume required by a 10-ml. portion should not be less than 4.7 ml. The following qualitative test based upon the work of Ionescu and Slusanchi (Bull.SOC. Chim. 1933 53, 1087; Abst. ANALYST 1934 59 127; erratum 207) is recommended for the detection of pyridine bases. The denatured spirit (15 ml.) is shaken vigorously in a stoppered cylinder with 3 ml. of 6 per cent. cadmium chloride (CdC1,-2H2O) solution. A charac-teristic white crystalline precipitate forms im-mediately and shows no tendency to settle out on standing. Although the test is valid a t tempera-tures up to 37" C. i t is advisable to make i t a t 20" C. For the colorimetric estimation of pyridine its reaction with cyanogen bromide and aniline may be used (Lehner Clzem.-Ztg. 1922 46 S77; Abst., ANALYST 1922 47 533; Tallantyre. J . SOC. Chern. Ind. 1930 49 4 6 6 ~ ; Abst. ANALYST 1931 56 202) and the details of the process should be followed carefully.The cyanogen bromide solution is pre-pared by titrating 1 ml. of bromine in 100 ml. of water (while cooled in ice) with 5 per cent. potassium cyanide solution until the colour of bromine just disappears and the solution is not alkaline to litmus. Excess of alkali should be carefully neutralised with N/10 sulphuric acid. The reagent is stable for six days. A freshly prepared standard solution of pyridine is made by dissolving 0.5 ml. of pyridine bases (complying with the Government of India specification) in 40 ml. of water exactly neutralising to Congo-red paper with N / 2 sulphuric acid and diluting to 100 ml. The denatured spirit (10 ml.) is made just acid to Congo-red paper with N/10 sul-phuric acid and its volume is reduced on the water-bath to 2 or 3 ml.Water (5 ml.) is added and evaporation is continued until the residue is almost dry. The hnal residue is dissolved in 20 ml. of water and filtered the evaporating vessel and the filter being rinsed with three S-ml. portions of water. The solution is exactly neutralised to Congo-red papei- with N/10 sodium hydroxide solution and diluted to 50 ml. To 5 ml. of this solution in a Nessler glass 1 ml. of saturated aqueous aniline solution is added and the mixture is diluted to 5.0 ml. Comparison solutioiis are prepared contain-ing amounts of pyridine ranging from 0.01 to 0-1 per cent. Each solution is treated a t 20" C. with 2 ml. of the cyanogen bromide solntion from a burette and stirred occasionally during ten minutes.The colours of the solutions are then compared. If the spirit contains the requisite amount of pyridine the colour in the test solution should match that given by 5 ml. of 0.1 per cent. standard solution. 4. 0. J. Determination of Copper in Country Spirits. H. D. Suri G. S. Ahluwalia and H. R. Dunnicliff. ( J . Indian Chern. SOC. 1941 18 326-328.)-A maximum of 1 grain of copper per gallon of spirit is permitted in country spirits i.e. spirits made from guy molasses mahua etc. with or without flavour-ing (C. €€. Bedford '' Technzcal Excise IlIanuaZ," p. 50). For its determination the potassium ferro-cyanide method as described by Scott and Furman ("Standard Methods qf Chemzcal Analysis," 5th Ed., Vol. I p. 377) slightly modified is suitable when the copper content exceeds 0.1 grain per gallon and the sodium diethyldithiocarbamatc method (ANALYST, 1939,64 339) when only a trace of coppcr is present or when the sample is small.The spirit (20 ml.) is evaporated to dryness with 1 ml. of dilute sulphuric acid (10 per cent. w/w and ignited to remove the acid. The cold residue 1s dissolved in 2 ml. of water and evaporated to dryness with a few drops of aqua regia. The final residue is dissolved in water iron is removed by double precipitation if the ferro-cyanide method is to be used and the volume is made up to 26 ml. Copper is then determined by one of the methods described according to the amount present. The standard stock solution of copper is made by dissolving 1.119 g. of crystalline copper sulphate in water and diluting to a litre.The comparison solution is made by tenfold dilution of the standard solution immediately before use, and each ml. is equivalent to 0.00002845g. or O.OU0439 grain of copper. To 0.25 ml. of freshly prepared 4 per cent ammonium nitrate solution in a 60-ml. Nessler glass 26 ml. of the neutral solution, prepared as described is added and the mixture is' diluted to 50 ml. Simultaneously four comparison solutions are prepared in the same way with 1.0 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ml. of the comparison solution. [The solutions are treated with a few drops of potassiu 64 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS ferrocyanide solution,* and] the colours are com-pared either directly against a white surface or in a colorimeter. The temperature of the solutions should be kept below 20” C.The number of ml. of the comparison solution required to match the colour of the sample solution multiplied by 0.1, gives the amount of copper present in grains per gallon. In the method with sodium diethyldithio-carbamate the same comparison solution is used. The reagent is an aqueous 0-1 per cent. solution and is stable for several weeks when stored in an amber-coloured bottle. The neutral solution (10 ml.), prepared from the spirit without separation of iron, is treated with 2 g. of citric acid and sufficient dilute ammonia solution (10 per cent. v/v) to increase the p H to 9 and is then diluted in a Nessler glass to 50 ml. Comparison solutions are prepared with 0.1, 0.4 0.6 0-8 and 1-0 ml. of the dilute standard solu-tion.Each solution is treatcd with 2 ml. of the sodium diethyldithiocarbamate solution a t about 20” C. and the colour of the sample solution is com-pared with the coiours of the comparison solutions. If preferred the copper organo-metallic compound may be extractcd immediately with four 2.5-ml. portions of carbon tetrachloride and the colour com-pared in a colorimeter with the colours of similar extracts of the comparison solutions. The number of ml. of comparison solution corresponding with the sample solution multiplied by 0.25 gives the weight of copper present in the spirit in grains per gallon. Blank tests should be made with the reagents. A. 0. J. Mixed Unsaturated Glycerides of Liquid Fats. 111. Low Temperature Crystallisation of Olive Oil.T. P. Hilditch and L. Maddison. ( J . SOC. Chem. Ind. 1941 60 268-262.)-’The results of fractional crystallisation from acetone cooled with solid carbon dioxide (cf. Hilditch and Maddi-son J . SOC. Chem. Ind. 1940 59 162; Abst., ANALYST 1940 45 656) of the two specimens of olive oil previously examined (Gunde and Hilditch, .J. SOC. Chem. l n d . 1940 59 47; Abst. ANALYST, 1040 65 364) indicated that in both oils the proportion of triolein tended towards the minimum amount possible. whilst the amounts of mixed triglycerides correspondingly approached the maxi-mum possible limits. The proportion of fully saturated glycerides was not so high as that (about 2 per cent.) previously observed in some other olive oils. The Italian (Tuscany) oil contained only traces and the Palestine (Turkish) oil less than 0.5 per cent.of fiilly saturated glycerides. The coxn-ponent acids of the Palestine oil were determined by Ililditch and Thompson ( J . SOC. Chem. Ind. 1937, 56 4 3 4 ~ ; Abst. ANALYST 1938 63 119) and those of the Italian oil by Gunde and Hilditch (Zoc. cit.). The Italian oil differed from the Palestine oil and from most olive oils in its lower content of oleic acid and markedly higher contents of linolic and palmitic acids. The present work showed that practically all the saturated acids were in combina-tion as mono-saturated-di-unsaturated glycerides. The high ratio of unsaturated to saturated acids, persisting even in the smallest fractions of lowest solubility and highest m.p. excluded the possibility of more than very small proportions of disaturated * Abstractor’s Note.-In the original paper the addition of potassium ferrocyanide has been omitted.In the method described by Scott and Furman (op. cit.) 6 to 20 drops of 4 per cent. potas-sium ferrocyanide solution are added to a volume of 150 ml. according to the amount of copper present. glycerides whilst tlie amount of fully saturated components was negligible. The high ratio of oleic to linolic acid in the most soluble fractions indicated, even in these little likelihood of a linolic group occurring more than once in any triglyceride mole-cule and from this it may be concluded that more than one acyl group of each minor acid will rarely if ever be present in any one triglyceride molecule.In this respect the oils conformed very closely with the “even distribution” rule. It appeared most probable that these olive oils contained not much more than the minimum proportions of mono-oleo-mono-saturated-mono-linoleins and that consequcntly the amount of triolein was also much nearer to the minimum values than to the maximum values deduced from the experimental results. It was therefore concluded that the Palestine olive oil contained not more than about 30 per cent. of triolein whilst the Italian oil probably contained 5 per cent. a t the most. The results obtained by these methods agree very closely with those deduced from examination of the elaidinisecl oils (Gunde and Hilditch loc. cit.). With the evidcncc that linoIic acid occurred only as mono-linolco glycerides in the oils it was possible to calculate the proportions of these glycerides in the fresh oils.The Palestine oil (8 per cent. of linolic acid) was typical of the older type; it contained about 25 per cent. of linoleo glycerides but these formed 45 per cent. of the newer type of Italian oil (15 per cent. of linolic acid). The old variety is undoubtedly much more suitable for use as edible oil or in the textile industries. A. 0. J. Fatty Oil from the Seeds of Solanurn indicum. S. V. Puntambekar and S. Krishna. (J.,Indian Cheun. Soc. 1941 18 329-334.)-Solanum ondicatm Linn. N.0. Solanaceae is an undershrub found throughout India particularly in the forests of Madras. Its root is an important drug in the Ayurvedic system of medicine.The yellow berries (0.3 to 0-35in. in diam.) comprise approx. 35 per cent. of shell and 55 per cent. of seed. A sample yielded 10-1 per cent. of a pale yellow oil with the following characteristics :-[C(] +0.5 ; nit5 1-4671 ; sp gr. at 15/15”C. 0.9156; sap. value 177.6; iodine value (Hanus) 121.5; acetyl value 44.4; acid value 17.8; unsaponifiable matter 2.0 per cent. (carpesterol 0.16 per cent.); fatty acids mean mole-cular equiv. 293.1 ; iodine value (Hanus) 123.0; saturated acids 16.5 ; unsatdrsted 84.5 per cent. The acids examined by the usual methods were calculated to consist of lauric 0.6; palmitic 7-2; stearic 6.6; arachidic 1.1; oleic 35.5; linolic 49.5 per cent. Carpesterol which was identified by its m.p. (242~3°C.) and that of its acetyl derivative (192” C.) has previously been isolated from the fatty oil of the seeds of Solanurn xanthocarfiurn (Saiyed and Kanga Proc.Indian Acad. Sci. 1936, 4A 255; Gupta and Dutt. J. Indian Chem. SOC., 1938,15 95). The oil of Solanwn indicum although very similar to that of S. xanthocarpuin (with the exception of differences in rotation sp. gr. and un-saponifiable matter for the other differences seem explicable by polymerisation) is appreciably different from the oil of S. nigrunz (Pendse J . Indian Chem. Soc 1937 14 367). Determination of Methylene Blue. H. 0. Moraw. ( J . Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem. 1941 24, 806-809.)-1n the A.O.A.C. official method for the determination of methvlene blue (Ja blonski and Wales id. 1923 7 20; “Mdhods of Analysis,” 1940, 576 par.54; Sobalitschka and Erdmann ANALYST, D. G. H BIOCHEMICAL 65 1925 50 471) the result is calculated in terms of methylene blue 3H,O although according to Wales and Nelson ( J . Amer. Chem. Soc. 1923 45 1657) no water of cry stallisation is present and no provision is made for the determination of the loss of water on drying. It was also suggested that under the condi-tions specified 5 atoms of iodine react with one mol. of methylene blue but there is now reason to believe that no definite atomic reaction occurs and that for accurate work the method requires calibration against solutions of the dyestuff of known strengths. It is therefore recommended :-( 1) That the con-version factor to be used should be 1 ml. of 0.1 N iodine solution = 0.006618 g.of anhydrous methy-lene blue (C,,H,8N,C1S). (2) That in par. 58 (“Fethods of Analysis,” 1940 Chap. 39) the words ‘‘ discarding the first 30 ml. of the filtrate ” should be added after the word “paper” in the 8t,h line. (3) That a determination of the loss of weight on drying should be made as follows (id. par. 57a):-If foreign substances are absent a known weight of sample is heated a t 110” C. for 12 to 14 hours and weighed; the heating is continued for l-hour period‘s until the loss does not exceed 1 mg. per hour. For the determination of the metliylene blue content, 0.1 to 0.14 g. of sample which should not have been heated above lOO”C, is weighed into a 50-ml. beaker and transferred to a 200-ml. graduated flask with about 100 ml.of water. The sample is dissolved completely by warming a t 70” to 80” C. for 30 minutes with frequent shaking. Analysis of Colour Mixtures. 0. L. Evenson. ( J . ASSOG. Off Agric. Chem. 1941 24 906-908.)-The methods used in the Colour Certification Laboratory of the Food and Drug Administration for the determination of pure dyes in mixtures of coal-tar colours are outlined. (1) Water-SolubZe CoZours.-(a) Most of the colours used in the food, drug and cosmetic industries are reducible by titanium trichloride; a solution of the sample con-taining a buffer (e.g. sodium bitartrate or mono- or tri-sodium citrate) is titrated with a 0.1 N solution of the reagent and the amount of pure dye present is calculated from the volume required to reduce 1 g.of sample. (b) Mixtures of such colours may often be separated by precipitation (e.g. with hydro-chloric acid) of those constituents which are not readily reduced and which may then be removed by filtration and weighed; the soluble colour in the filtrate is then titratcd. (c) If caramel is present, the coal-tar colours are removed by extraction with amyl alcohol and titrated as in (la). (2) Oil-Soluble Colours.-(a) Dry mixtures of the colour with flour or rice are titrated in presence of 50 per cent. alcohol which has been buffered with sodium bitartrate. ( b ) Colours dissolved in a vegetable (e.g. cottonseed) oil are titrated in a solution in acetic acid; the method however is not regardcd as satis-factory and a spectrophotoinetric method is under investigation.(3) Mixtures of Water-Insoluble Colours and of these or Soluble Colours with Castor Oil.-(a) Insoluble colours are dissolved in 5 ml. of conc. sulphuric acid; water is added the solution is neutralised with sodium hydroxide solution and the usual titration (see la) is carried out. (b) If castor oil is present i t must be saponified with an alcoholic solution of sodium hydroxide. After dilution any insoluble colour may be removed by filtration dissolved in sulphuric acid and treated as described under (3a) ; the filtrate containing the soluble colour is titrated as in (la). (c) Mixtures of insoluble colours with carbon black are treated with sulphuric acid which dissolves the former; J. G. alcohol is then added when the carbon may be removed by filtration and the filtrate treated as in (3a).( d ) Mixtures of D. and C. Red So. 36 and an insoluble colour (0.26 g.) are heated on a steam-bath with 100 ml. of glacial acetic acid 60 ml. of alcohol are added and the mixture is filtered. An excess of 0-1 N titanium trichloride solution is added to the filtrate which is then back-titrated with a solution of Ext. D. and C. Blue No. 1 or of ferric sulphate. The insoluble colour which re-mains on the filter is dissolved in sulphuric acid and treated as in (3a). (e) Mixtures of water-insoluble and eosin colours are dissolved in sulphuric acid as in (3a) ; the mixture is then made slightly alkaline, alcohol is added and the solution is treated with an excess of titanium trichloride solution and back-titrated as in ( 3 4 .( f ) Mixtures of D. and C. Ked No. 19 and a water-insoluble colour are treated as in (3a) except that an excess of titanium trichloride solution is added and back-titrated as in ( 3 d ) . J. G. Modification of the Assay of Ointment of Mercuric Nitrate. R. K. Snyder. ( J . Assoc. Off. A p c . Chem. 1941 24 927-928.)-The sample (3 to 5 g. weighed accurately) is heated just a t the b.p. in a Kjeldahl flask with 40 ml. of 50 pcr cent. nitric acid for 90 minutes; a small funnel is placed in the neck of the flask. The mixture is cooled (with agitation) diluted to 200 ml. and filtered through a dry paper; 100ml. of the filtrate are heated in a Kjeldahl flask with 10 ml. of sulphuric acid until white fumes appear when the flame is at once removed and the liquid is allowed to cool. Five ml. of nitric acid are then added and heating is resumed until the rate of boiling decreases markedly. The solution is cooled diluted to 100 ml. and cooled again and then titrated with 0.1 N ammonium thiocyanate solution with ferric ammonium siilphate as indicator; 1 ml. = 0.01003 g. of mercury. Three determinations on the same ointment gave 7.9 7.7 and 7.6 per cent. of mercury, respectively. Prolonged heating of the mercury in presence of sulphuric acid and the difficulty of deciding when oxidation by potassium permanganate is complete (cf. “ Methods of Analysis,” A .O.A .C., 1940 p. 622) are thus avoided. No appreciable loss of mercury occurs. J . G

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9426700062

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents.It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate.There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international.The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr. Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively.Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies. Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited.The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation.Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE.By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time.The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice.Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years.The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr. Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion.The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies. Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on.Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation.Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp.15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international.The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr. Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9426700065

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents.It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate.There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international.The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr. Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively.Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies. Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited.The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation.Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE.By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time.The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9426700069

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents.It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate.There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international.The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr. Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively.Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies. Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited.The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation.Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE.By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time.The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9426700071

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents.It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate.There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international.The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr. Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively.Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies. Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited.The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9426700073

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents.It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9426700074

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international. The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr.Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively. Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies.Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited. The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents.It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate.There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction426 REVIEWS INKS : THEIR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.I.C. Fourth Edition. Pp. xi + 408. London: Charles Grihn tt Co., Ltd. 1937. Price 12s. 6d. net. This, the fourth edition of the standard and, indeed, so far as the reviewer’s knowledge goes, the only text-book on the subject in the language, bridges L gap of 13 years. The author, pre-eminent in his particular sphere, needs little more introduction to the world of technical industry than he does in his official capicity to readers of THE ANALYST, while his reputation in forensic science in all that appertains to handwriting is international.The chemistry of ink, difficult as it is and at times not a little obscure, hcl- riot developed markedly in the interval since 1924; but what progress has been made is covered by Dr. Mitchell in this edition in a very thorough manner. He has found it necessary to enlarge his work to the extent of some 20 per cent. and, in addition, to rewrite a large portion. The arrangement of the book follows the lines of previous editions. After a comprehensive historical introduction, the work is divided into three sections dealing with writing inks, printing inks, and inks for miscellaneous purposes, respectively.Under Section 1 are considered the chemical nature and treatment of the various raw materials used for writing inks from lcmp black to galls, the composition of finished iron-gall, logwood, vanadium, aniline black, and coloured inks, as well as a comprehensive scheme €or the tech~ical examination of inks, handwriting specimens and the identification of forge:-ies. Section 2 deals with the manufacture and examination of printing inks. ,tnd Section 3 with the miscellaneous materials entering into the compositilxx of copying, marking, safety, sympathetic, typewriter inks and so on. Amongst new matter may be noted references to the use of lignone sulphni--,ites in connection with writing ink, a scheme for the identification of individual con- stituents in inks in the form of writing, and the application of filtered ultra-.& if )let light and of infra-red photography in the elucidation of those problems to which such methods are suited.The British Government Standard Specificatior:s for Writing Inks, revised in 1928, are included for the first time. The avaihble evidence upon the constitution of gallotannin is brought up to date and <tbly reviewed, and there is a Comprehensive list of British patents. It is as difficult to withhold admiration of the encyclopaedic scope cjf the matter and references in this book as it is of the erudition and industry displiiyed in its compilation. Practically nothing that comes to mind has escaped atterition, and it is with rather impish glee that the reviewer, after careful search, asserts that he finds no specific reference to the type of alkaline (ammoniacal) gallotannate- iron ink, said t o find favour in the United States, although the di-ammonium hydroxyferrigallate compound of Silbermann and Ozorovitz receives notice. Nor is there mention of that class of quick-drying writing fluids which depend for their efficiency upon partial destruction of the paper sizing by caustic alk 1.5 or sodium silicate. There is no evidence that lignone sulphonate inks have proved se-rious competitors to iron-gall writing inks (pp. 15 and 175). Apart from the unkttmwn quantity of permanence, the principal failing of this type lies in their liability to contain traces of free sulphurous acid to which suspicion attaches in connt-ction

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9426700075

出版商:RSC    

年代:1942

数据来源: RSC