摘要:

Five insecticides were tested againstLaspeyresia pomonella(L.), and their effects onTetranychus urticae(Koch) and its predators were determined. The broadspectrum insecticides permethrin (0.013%), azinphos-methyl (0.05%) and leptophos (0.045%) gave equal control ofL. pomonellaunder a 3-weekly programme of 7 sprays. Poorer control was given by the selective chemicals chlordimeform (0.05%) and diflubenzuron (0.05%). Both chlordimeform and permethrin suppressedT. urticaepopulations. No predators of mites were found on pennethrin treated trees and very few were found on trees sprayed with the organophosphates. Chlordimeform appeared relatively harmless to all stages ofStethorusspp. and diflubenzuron appeared harmless toStethorusadults, but was toxic to the eggs. Small numbers of predatory mites of 3 species were recovered from diflubenzuron treated trees towards the end of the season.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.128

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

We evaluated annual glandular-haired diploids,Medicago disciformisDC. andM. blancheanaBoiss., and tetraploids,M. rugosaDesr. andM. scutellata(L.) Mill., for resistance to adult alfalfa weevils,Hypera postica(Gyllenhal), in a growth chamber. PerennialM. sativaL. control cultivars were: ‘Arc’ (tolerant to alfalfa weevil larvae), ‘Lahontan’ (susceptible), and ‘San Pedro’ (weevil resistance unknown but with simple hairs on stem and leaves).The glandular-haired annual species were more resistant to feeding than theM. sativacultivars in free-choice tests with attached leaves, excised leaves, and attached stem terminals. Since resistance was the same for attached and excised leaves, excised leaves may be used to evaluate resistance. Diploids were more resistant than tetraploid annual species in the leaf tests. Measured by the number of weevils visiting plants in the stem-terminal, freechoice tests,M. sativacultivars were more attractive than the annual species. The ranking was similar in the no-choice, excised-leaf test, except for the simple-haired San Pedro ranking between the diploid and tetraploid annuals.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.133

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Simmondsia chinensis(jojoba), a plant native to southwestern North America, has become of economic interest due to the various industrial uses of the unique liquid wax found in its seeds. In a survey of arthropods associated with sylvatic jojoba in California and Arizona, we collected 106 species of insects and mites. Of these, 50 are phytophagous, 29 are parasitic, and 18 are predaceous.Most of the phytophagous species are also known to feed on plants other than jojoba; several of these are notorious generalists. The bionomics of the 4 commonest phytophagous species,Asphondylian. sp. (Cecidomyiidae),Epinotia kasloana(Olethreutidae),Periplocan. sp. (Walshiidae), andIncisitermes fruticavus(Kalotermitidae) are summarized briefly.None of the phytophagous species were observed to cause extensive damage to sylvatic jojoba. The numerous parasitic and predaceous arthropods probably account for the natural control of many of them. These relationships should be kept in mind when planning future commercial plantations of jojoba.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.137

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Short exposure of less than 2 min to pure CO2or 3 min to −20°C did not alter the orientation and successful return of released forager honey bees to colonies. Narcosis for 15 sec with CO2and 3 min at −20°C did not affect survival or pollen foraging behavior, but CO2treatments of 30, 60, and 120 sec reduced survival and pollen gathering behavior.Narcosis with pure CO2should not exceed 15 sec to reduce the risks of inducing abnormal physiological and behavioral changes in worker bees.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.144

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP