摘要:

The Spruce Budworm Technology Transfer Program for the Lake States Region was part of the Canada-United States Spruce Budworms Program. The goal of our technology transfer project was to provide land managers in the Lake States with pest management information on the spruce budworm. We summarize our technology transfer program, give examples of the development of four information packages, and discuss important factors that help technology transfer efforts in forest pest management.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.1

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In a recent paper, Chesson (Environ. Entomol. 11: 531–537, 1982) proposed a model based on the binomial distribution which, when applied to field measurements of host mortality, can be used to obtain post hoc estimates of the probability of encounter of host-containing patches, and the conditional probability of parasitism (given encounter) for hosts present in such patches. Chesson recommends that these estimates be used to draw inferences concerning the behavior of searching parasitoids-in particular, to determine whether individuals of a given parasitoid species respond to between-patch variations in host density during search. Here, we examine the model and suggest that it may produce misleading behavioral conclusions if interpreted in the way its author recommends. Chesson's critique of an earlier study by Morrison, Lewis, and Nordlund (Environ. Entomol. 9:79–85, 1980) is also discussed.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.7

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Soil applications ofBeauveria bassianawere effective in controlling first- and second-generationLeptinotarsa decemlineatapupae, with a 74% reduction of the first generation and a 77% reduction of the second. The applications reduced adult emergence from pupation and increased postemergence mycosis. Conidia were superior to blastospores in reducing emergence, but produced no significant difference in postemergence mycosis. Soil isolations showed half the inocula present after 2 weeks.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.15

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Statistical modeling using linear regression in the presence of un usual observations, or outliers, is discussed and illustrated with an example from entomological field research. The effect of outliers on estimates of coefficients using least squares regression is discussed and compared with estimates using weighted least squares robust regression. The ability of the latter technique to detect outliers and estimate regression coefficients in their presence is demonstrated. Several other diagnostic displays for the objective detection of outliers and the evaluation of the fitted model are illustrated.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.19

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Overwintering rice water weevils,Lissorhoptrus oryzophilusKuschel, were held at different temperatures with and without food to determine the response of indirect flight muscle regeneration. Flight muscle regeneration has a temperature threshold of ca. 18°C. The rate of regeneration is greater at higher temperatures and when adults feed. Emergence of adult weevils from overwintering sites was monitored with sticky traps for 4 years near Stuttgart, Ark., and for 2 years near Crowley, La. The date adults emerged in the spring is closely related to springtime temperatures.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.26

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Disruption of orientation ofEuxoa messoriamale moths to traps baited with a synthetic sex attractant or virgin females was studied under two field designs. In both designs, the atmosphere in the test sites was permeated with (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11–16:Ac), (Z)-7-hexadecenyl acetate (Z7–16:Ac), and (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate (Z9–16:Ac), each compound singly or as a ternary blend. In 81-m2test plots, effective (>89%) disorientation of males occurred, using the blend or Z11–16:Ac alone; Z7–16:Ac and Z9–16:Ac, tested singly, were ineffective. In the other test sites, where the disruptants were released from rubber septa in close proximity to the monitoring trap, disorientation resulted from both the blend and Z7–16:Ac alone; Z11–16:Ac was ineffective under these conditions. Studies of male behavioral responses to these components in a flight tunnel showed that Z11–16:Ac is a long-range attractant whereas Z7–16:Ac primarily effects close-range flight and landing. No behavioral effect could be attributed to Z9–16:Ac. Results of flight tunnel responses and visual observations of field test sites accounted for the disruption results obtained.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.36

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Red oak borer attack height was directly related to red oak size in immature oak stands. Attack density was inversely related to tree size. Borer density within size classes was not significantly different when trees from Pennsylvania stands were compared with trees from Indiana stands. Median attack height was always ≤5 m for trees up to 30.0 cm in diameter at breast height. Almost 75% of the attacks were found in the economically important basal 4-m trunk portion in all size classes of trees.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.41

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Motility, feeding, and molting in larvae of the range caterpillar,Hemileuca oliviaeCockerell (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), were studied at two sites in northern New Mexico. Diurnal observations were made each week during 2 successive days from hatch to pupation (May to September 1979). The behavior of all six instars was compared to determine temporal periodicities and habitat relationships. The motility of the larvae increased with their development. Larvae hatched from their egg masses in shrubs and forbs and moved into grass habitats. The 6th instars were most active just before pupation when they returned to woody plants to pupate. Larval resting periods were from late morning through the late afternoon. Heights of larval resting sites were positively correlated with air temperature and negatively related to wind speed. Preferred host plants were the grasses side-oats grama,Bouteloua curtipendula(Michx.) Torr., and blue grama,Bouteloua gracilis(H.B.K.) Lag. The greatest frequency of feeding was just before pupation. No diurnal periodicities were found for feeding and molting. Pupation sites were significantly lower than molting sites.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.45

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The effects of four levels of mite-days, an estimate of mite feeding damage, on almond tree growth and yield were investigated to obtain data necessary for the determination of spray thresholds. The current year's almond growth or yield was not significantly influenced by spider mite infestations. However, significant reductions in development, growth, and yield were observed one season after an infestation. Terminal shoot extension and mean leaf size were significantly reduced by 300 and 424 mite-days, respectively (P<0.05). Similarly, the increase in yield from 1979 through 1980 was significantly reduced by 424 mite-days. This reduction appeared to be the result of reduced fruit set (P<0.05), whereas floral initiation was not significantly affected.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.52

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Mean development times of the Nantucket pine tip moth,Rhyacionia frustrana(Comstock), eggs and pupae were observed under laboratory conditions at nine constant temperatures (9 to 38°C). The development rate curves for eggs and pupae are the characteristic sigmoid shape of other insect development rate curves. The effect of humidity on the development time was relatively small compared with the effect of temperature. Egg and pupal mortalities were low at most temperatures within the range of development, with greater mortality near the upper and lower threshold temperatures. A larval development rate curve was estimated, using the temperature requirements of the tip moth life cycle under field conditions and the egg and pupal development rate curves.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/13.1.56

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP