摘要:

The individual bulbs that arise from a nematode-infested mother bulb are seldom all infested, which is accounted for by the disappearance of the old bulb, when the daughter bulbs form, necessitating a re-entrance. The nematodes appear to attack the stem and tunics first. Normally they enter the bulb proper through the base. Tip infection occurs, but is comparatively rare. No evidence has been obtained that nematodes enter the plants above soil level.Basal discoloration, as revealed by the removal of the dry caps from the bulb bases, is suggested as a diagnostic symptom in addition to the characteristic streaks in the outer fleshy scale and the discoloration at the base of the stems.Death and chlorosis of iris plants could not be attributed to bulb nematodes in infested plantations.No evidence was obtained that the bulb nematode significantly affects the forcing capabilities of iris bulbs.Immersion in water for one hour at 44 °C. killed iris bulbs when done early in November, with or without disinfectants. Treatments of iris bulbs with cold organic mercury solutions and other solutions, increased the yield of bulbs, apparently because they controlledPenicilliumsp. and other parasites rather than bulb nematodes. Fumigation with ethylene dichloride and ethyl acetate injured iris bulbs and failed to control the nematodes. Formalin as a fumigant was less injurious, but it was not effective as a nematicide.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr37c-015

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1937

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Chloropicrin in 1 cc. doses is lethal to bulb nematodes at six inches from the point of injection or within a soil volume of one cubic foot. It is also lethal to fungi. The vegetative stages are destroyed at 1:195,000, and certain sclerotia at 1:90,000.The injection of chloropicrin into greenhouse soils lowered the incidence and pathogenicity of a root-knot infection on both a summer and winter crop of tomatoes and greatly increased the yields of fruit. The chloropicrin costs $1.65 per pound or $8.50 to treat 2000 sq. ft. of soil.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr37c-016

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1937

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The keeping properties of different flours varied considerably. Aging was accompanied by increased absorption regardless of whether the flour deteriorated in baking quality. Increased acidity developed in all flours, but was not a good measure of deterioration. Storage in sealed containers favored acidity increases, while storage in sacks favored deterioration. A decrease in ether extract accompanied deterioration, while decrease in the less soluble lipoids appeared to take place in all samples.The changes in physical properties of gluten gave the best indication of deterioration. Gluten from deteriorated flour was harsh, spongy and short, and could not be completely dispersed in sodium salicylate. Unsaturated fatty acids added to flour had the same effects on gluten, but not on baking quality. Ground wheat germ added to deteriorated flour improved the gluten and restored its solubility. The more insoluble germ lipoids were the effective substances. Alcohol extraction of flour caused deterioration, but gluten quality was largely restored by addition of germ. All results indicate the lipoids are adsorbed on the protein of gluten.It is concluded that the unique physical properties of gluten are to a considerable extent dependent on the relatively insoluble lipoids present. The possibility of gluten denaturation being a breakdown of the protein-lipoid complex is discussed.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr37c-017

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1937

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A laboratory malting plant is described which consists of duplicate steep tanks, germination chambers and kilns, each having a capacity of eight 350-gm. samples. The two steep tanks are equipped independently with immersion heaters and thermoregulators and are cooled by a continuous flow of water from a thermostatically controlled supply tank. The two germination chambers are controlled by independent air-conditioning units. The kilns are electrically heated, the controls being adapted to give either stepwise or continuously rising temperatures. The malt in both germinators and kilns is rotated continuously in cylindrical cages. Duplicate sets of equipment were built in order to make possible simultaneous study of different malting procedures. The equipment is discussed in the light of one year's experience with it and various improvements are suggested.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr37c-018

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1937

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Heat treatments were applied to barley seeds and 10 different mutant characters were observed in the progeny,viz.; xantha1 and 2, dwarf1,2,3 and 4, virescent1 and 2, chlorina and albino. Typical Mendelian ratios were not obtained in the first segregating generation owing to the small size of the sector affected in the generation of treatment. In the second and third segregating generations, good fits were obtained in all cases to either monohybrid or dihybrid ratios. Both 3:1 and 15:1 ratios were observed in lines segregating for xantha1and albino characters. The postulation of the duplicate factor hypothesis was necessary to explain this situation. Chlorina and dwarf mutants segregated in all the cases investigated as simple Mendelian recessives. One virescent strain was believed to have arisen through plastid mutation and was maternally inherited.The heat treatment significantly increased the natural mutation rate for the xantha characters but apparently had no effect on the albino mutation rate. Dwarf, virescent and chlorina mutants were observed in the segregating generation after heat treatment, but were not detected in untreated populations.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr37c-019

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1937

数据来源: NRC