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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 27, No. 387 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 27,
Issue 387,
1911,
Page 131-146
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摘要:
[Issued 30/5/11 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. VOl. m. No.387. Thursday, May 18th, 1911, at 8.30 p.m., Professor PERCYF. FRANKLAND,LL.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. E. E. Walker, C. H. Hampshire, H. Christopher, H. F. Harwood, and Nos1 Deer were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. THE PRESIDENTannounced that a number of valuable chemical works of much historical interest had been presented to the Society by the family of the late Dr. W. J. Russell, F.R.S.; among them was a rare edition of Basil Valentine’s Triumphant Car of *4ntimony, bearing an earlier date than the copy in the British Museum. The Council, at its meeting that afternoon, had passed the following resolution : “That the best thanks of the Council be accorded tothe family of the late Dr.W. J. Russell, F.R.S., for their generous bequmt of a number of chemical works of historical intere8t.” The PRESIDENTreminded the Fellows that Professor Theodore W. Richards would deliver the Faraday Lecture, entitled, “ The Funda mental Properties of the Elements,” in the theatre of the Royal Institution, on Wednesday, June 14th, 1911, at 8 p.m. 132 Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Norman Ernest Atkinson, Ash Cottage, Thornhill Lees, Dewsbury. Thomas Cowling, Easingwold, Yorks. Rudolph Demuth, 68, Salusbury Road, N.W. Cyril Herbert Koszelski Gonville, Milton, Queen’s Road, Buck- hurst Hill. Henry Edmund Linenbroker, 100, Harrow Road, Paddington, W.Leonard Ison Pitt, B.Sc., 109, Abbott Road, Bromley, E. A Certificate has been authorised by the Council for presentation to ballot under Byelaw I. (3) in favour of Benjamin Gallsworthy, Thilawa, Burma. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHEMICAL SOCIETIES. At a conference of delegates from the English, French, and German Chemical.Societies, held in Paris on April 25th and 26th, it was decided to form an International Association of Chemical Societies. The delegates appointed by the three Societies were : The Chemical Society, London : Professors Percy Frankland, Meldola, and Sir William Ramsay. Societe Chimique de France: Professors Behal and Haller, and M. Hanriot. Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft : Professors Jacobson, Ostwald, and Wic helhaus .The following Statutes of the Association, drafted by the delegates at the Paris conference, were approved by the Council of the Chemical Society at their meeting on May 18th. Statutes. Art. 1.-I1 est fonde une Association internationale des Societe‘s chimiques. Art. 2.-Le but de 1’Association est de former un lien entre les Societes chimiques du monde, pour s’occuper des questions ayant un interet general et international pour la Chimie. Art. 3.-Toutes les Societes chimiques peuvent faire partie de 1’Association. Art. 4.-L’Association est dirigee par un Conseil forme d’un certain nombre de membres. Chaque pays ne peut etre represent6 dans le Conseil que par une seule Societe chimique, qui designera trois representants.Art. 5.h Conseil actuel comprend les delegues des SocieMs fondatrices, c’est-a-dire de la Societe chimique allemande (Deutsche 133 chemische Gesellschaft), de la Societe chimique anglaise (The Chemical Society, London) et de la Societe chimique franqaise (Societe chimique de France). La reprbsentation d’une autre Societe dans le Conseil ne pourra etre decidee clue par celui-ci, et a la majorite des deux tiers des votants. Le vote par correspondance sera admis dans ce cm. Art. 6.-Le Conseil fixe a chaque reunion le lieu et l’epoque de la prochaine session. Art. 7.-Le Conseil nomme au debut de chaque session un President’, qui est en m6me temps President de I’Association, et qui entrera en fonctimons a la fin de la Session. Art.8.-Le Bureau est constitu6 par le President, le Vice-President et le Secretaire General qui sont les delegues du m6me Pap.Art. 9.-Le President est charge de convoquer le Bureau. Celui-ci veille a l’execution des decisions prises par le Conseil : il fixe l’ordre du jour dee Seances du Conseil et entretient des relations entre les diverses Societes. Le PrBsident fait approuver les proces-verbaux des s6ances. Seul le procks-verbal de la dernsre sBance pout stre approuv6 par correspondance. Art. 10.-Les mq-ens d’action de 1’Association consistent : En nomination de Commissions charg6es d’etudier les questions qui leur seront soumises par le Conseil; En publication dans les journaux des Societes affiliees ou en tout autre mode de publication qu’il conviendra au Conseil de choisir ; En ConfBrences et Congres.Art. 11.”-Les frais generaux seront supportes par les Societes affiliees au prorata du nombre de leurs membres. Toutes les depenses autres que les frais generaux ne seront imptables aux diverses Societes que sous r6serve d’un engagement personnel de ces Societes. Le Secretaire General sourriettra a chaque session a l’approbation du Conseil le compte-rendu financier de l’exercice ecoule. Art. 12.-Les modifications aux presents statuts ne pourront etre vot6es qu’a la majorite des deux tiers des mernbres du Conseil. Le vote par correspondance est encore admis dans ce cas. The Association proposes, in the first instance, to appoint inter- national committees to consider and report on the following questions : Nomenclature of Mineral Chemistry ; * L’article 11 ne deviendra d6finitif qu’apres l’acceptnticn des trois Societes foiidat rices.Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry ; Unification of the modes of stating physical constants. Professor Ost'wald has been elected President of the Association for the ensuing year, and the next meeting has been fixed for April 13th, 1912, and is to take place in Berlin. The meeting in 1913 will be held in Great Britain. Of the following papers, those marked * were read: *134. ''Some reactions of o-bromomethglfurfuraldehyde." By William Francis Cooper and Walter Harold Nuttall. o-i.ioCyano- or o-cyano-methylfurfuraldehydecannot be prepared by the action of potassium or silver cyanide on o-bromomethyl-furfuraJdehyde in alcoholic solution ;owing to the great reactivity of the bromine atom in the w-position, condensation of the furfur- aldehyde with the alcohol takes place, with the production of o-ethosymethylfurfuraldehyde and the liberation of hydrogen bromide.The latter reacts with the silver cyanide, and hydrogen cyanide is evolved. The same ethoxy-aldehyde may also be prepared by boiling an aleoh olic solution of o-bromomet hylfurfuraldehyde with excess of calcium carbonate to neutralise the liberated hydrogen bromide. eo-Ethoxyrnethylfurfur~ddelzydeis a yellow oil, readily soluble in the usual organic solvents; it dissolves in hot light petroleum, but is insoluble in the cold. It is also moderately soluble in water.When rapidly distilled, it boils at 235-240" without decom-position, but prolonged heating induces polymerisation. Under 35 mm. pressure it boils at 145O, and it has D$?: 1.1096. It shows all the usual properties of a, furfuraldehyde. The phenylhydrazone forms long, slender, yellow needles, melting at 55*6-56*2*, and the p-bromophenylhydraaone CrystalIises in shining, silky needles, melting at 104-105O. w-Ethoxymethyl~romucic acid is prepared by oxidising the above aldehyde with silver oxide. It is soluble in water, alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, or carbon disulphide, but insoluble in light petroleum, and forms long, colourless needles, melting at 3 7.5-5 8.50. o-,~~ethoxymethyZTyrolnzccicacid is obtained by oxidising -nz.e tho$ymetF,yIfurfwaId ehyde prepared from o-bromomet hyl- furf uraldehyde and methyl alcohol.It crystallises in long, silky needles, melting at 67.5-68.5O. w-Methoxymethylfurfuraldehyde, on oxidation with alkaline per- inanganate, gives dehydromucic acid. When w-bromomethylfurfur- aldehyde is boiled with water in the presence of barium carbonate, 135 it gives o-hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde ;under certain conditions. however, a beautiful yellow, crystalline conzpoi~nd,C,,H1,Q4. is obtained, which melts at 111*5-112°. The compound may possibly be a condensation product of w-bromomethylfurfuraldehyde and lzvulic acid, the latter being formed by the decompositior: ot o-hydroxymethylfurf uraldehyde : C,H,O,Br + C,H,O, =C,,HIoO, + HBr + H,O.DISCUSSION. Dr. PYMANpointed out that the conversion of o-bromomethyl-furfuraldehyde into ethoxymethylfurfuraldehyde by means of alcoholic potassium cyanide was analogous to the conversion of 4(or 5)-chloromethylglyoxalineinto ethoxymethylglyoxaline under similar conditions (Trans., 1911, 99, 678). 4(or 5)-Chloromethpl- glyoxaline hydrochloride could, however, readily be converted into 4 (or 5)-cyanomethylglyoxaline by adding its absolute alcoholic solution to ice-cold saturated aqueous potassium cyanide. Mr. CROSSsuggested that the analogous reaction with alcoholic hydroxyl groups of cellulose might explain the limit of resolution of cellulose to u-bromomethylfurfuraldehyde (Fenton). Mr. NUTTALL,in reply, said that the authors did not claim that the reaction of o-bromomethylfurfuraldehyde with potassium or silver cyanide was unique, but merely unusud. A 30-40 per cent.yield of w-bromomethylfurfuraldehyde could be obtained from cellulose by heating with hydrobromic acid in chloroform solution under pressure at looo. In addition, a considerable quantity ol insoluble “humus ” was formed, and for some time the authors had been making an exhaustive examination of this product. and had obtained some interesting acids by oxidation. *135. “A method for the accurate volumetric determination of the oxygen in air.” By Herbert Edmeston Watson. An apparatus was described, in which about 50 C.C. of air are first measured at constant volume. The gas is then passed into a vessel containing phosphorus, which is warmed, and the residual gas finally reintroduced into the.measuring vessel without removal from the apparatus. The accuracy of the method was discussed, and some preliminary results were given. These show that different analyses of the same sample usually agree to 2 parts in 10,000. A complete analysis can readily be performed in an hour and a-half. DISCUSSION. Dr. WADEthought that the relative increase in accuracy above that obtainable with Haldane’s well-known compensator burette was not commensurate with the comparatively large increase in complexity and in the time required. In his experience the percent- age of oxygen in air could be determined by the compensator method with an accura.cy of 4 1 part per 1000.Mr. WATSON,in reply to the President, said that Regnault’s method of air analysis was objectionable because it involved the use of moist gases, and for accurate work a compressibility correc- tion had to be applied. Ammonia was also formed by the explosion of air and hydrogen, thereby vitiating the absolute results. R.egnault’s absolute values were slightly lower than those found with the present apparatus, which agreed with those of Leduc. ”136. (‘Mannitoboric acid.” By John Jacob Fox and Arthur Josiah Hofheister huge. Mundoboric ucid, C6HI5O8B,is prepared from mixtures of mannitol and boric acid dissolved in absolute alcohol. It separates from the alcoholic solutions in tufts of prisms, melting at 89’5O.The acid dissolves readily in water or hot alcohol, but is decomposed by these solvents. Mannitoboric acid behaves as a monobasic acid, and yields normal ammonizcm, silver, ccdcium, and barium salts. The salts are crystalline powders, soluble in water, and precipitated from aqueous solutions by alcohol. Measurements of the rotations of mixtures of mannitol and boric acid were made, both in alcohol and in water. The results indicate that the formation of mannitoboric acid is favoured by increasing the concentration of either the mannitol or the boric acid. DISCUSSION. Dr. Fox, in reply to the President, stated that the curves for the rotation of mixtures of mannitol and boric acid in alcoholic solutions appeared to reach a maximum: the fact that it was impossible to dissolve larger quantities of boric acid than those used had prevented the authors from following the curves to their ccmpletion.In one or two cases, however, a maximum value had been obtained. 137 *137. ‘‘ Hydroaromatic ketones. Part 11. 1 : 1 :2-Trimethylcyclo-hexan-$one.” By Arthur William Crossley and Nora Renqnf. 1 :1 :2-TrimethyZcyclohexan-3-one(11) has been prepared from I : 1 :2-trimethyldihydroresorcin (I) by a series of reactions indicated by the following formulz : C(CHJ2 C(CH,)2 H2Cf)CH*CH3 H2CACH*CH3 --3 HO*C\,CO -t ClC(,jCO CH CH (1.1 C(CHJ2 C(CHh2 H,C/\CH~CH, H,C/\CH*CH, H,C!,,)CH*OH -+ H,C(/CO CH2 CH2w.1 The proof of the constitution of the ketone is afforded by a study of its oxidation products, which are 6-acetyl-6-methylhexoic acid (111) and aa-dimethyladipic acid (IV) : C(CH3)2 CPHJ2 C(CH3)2 H2C/\CH*CH, -~ H,C/\CO*CH, -~ H,C/\CO*OHn2c!,,!co H2C(, COOOH H,C!,/CO*OH CH2 CH2 CH2 (111.) (IV.) The preparation of the ketone was originally undertaken with the idea of comparing its properties and transformations with those of camphor, since these two substances show a marked resemblance in the arrangement of the various groupings in their molecules.During the course of the work it became evident that a closer investigation of the properties of trimethyldihydroresorcin and its derivatives wits highly desirable, because the molecule is not sym- metrical, as in the case of dimethyldihydroresorcin, and the work described shows that many complicated questions of isomerism are involved which are at present being more fully studied.138. “The course of chemical change in quinol under the in-fluence of radiant energy.” By Walter Noel Hartley and Otway Henry Little. For the purpose of examining the extent to which radiant energy operates on certain organic substances so as to cause a change in constitution and in chemical properties, more than thirty-six 135 experiments were made at different temperaturw, on quinol in a state of vapour, in darkness, diffused daylight, and in ultracviolet rays, flasks of glms and of quartz being used. The course of chemical change was measured by the volume of hydrogen evolved. (1) The reaction C6H4(OH)2 C6H40,+H, seems to attain a condition of equilibrium when 0-6 of a milligram-molecule of quinol haa lost 6.7 C.C.of hydropi, and the principal product is quinhydrone. (2) The reaction is not strictly reversible in the presence of air or oxygen, because under no conditions does the quinhydrone revert to quinone, except in an atmosphere of hydrogen. (3) In a flask containing crystallised quinol, quinhydrone, and 1)-benzoquinone, exposed to daylight, the p-benzoquinone soon disappears, its vapour reacting with the residual quinol to form quinhydrone. (4) In every instance the most complete and rapid chemical change was effected by rays of shortest wave-length. 139. “Electrolytic reduction. Part IV. Aromatic aldehydes.” By Herbert Drake Law.Previous work has shown that the aromatic aldehydes, when reduced by the electrolytic method, yield resinous products in varying amount, which is least when the groups round the benzene nucleus occupy a symmetrical position. Deviations from the latter configuration influence the course of the reduction in such a manner that the resin production becomes most prominent when the change in the structure is greatest. This view has now been confirmed in the case of the three monochlorobenzaldehydes. Experiments have dso been conducted in a nearly neutral medium, and this change is accompanied by a great decrease in the resin formation. 140. “ Synthesis of ammonia by heat.” By Ivor Southwell Cardell and Fred Thomas. The authors find that ammonia cannot be produced from pure hydrogen and nitrogen, but combination takes place in the presence of oxides of nitrogen.With nitric oxide the amount of ammonia formed decreases with the increased rate of passage of the gases through the experimental tube, but the reverse holds good in the case of nitrous oxide. This is explained by the relative stability of the two oxides. 141. “A method of chlorination : chlorination of aoilines and phenols.” By Kennedy Joseph Previt6 Orton and Harold King. The method of chlorination, which was described, is based on the reversible interaction between chloroamine and hydrochloric acid, studied by Orton and Jones (Trans., 1909, 95, 1456). By proper choice of the quantities of hydrochloric acid, any given concentra- tion of chlorine can be obtained.This concentration will remain constant during the chlorination, since a molecule of chlorine used in substitution is replaced by a molecule of hydrogen chloride, which in its turn reacts with a further amount of chloroamine: Ar*NCI-Ac+ HCl= Ar*XH*Ac +C1,. In this way, oxidation and other side reactions can be avoided, and the operation most effectively controlled. A few chloro-derivakives of anilines, hitherto unrecorded, were described. 142. (6 The intermolecular condensation of aromatic sulphinic acids. Part 11. The interaction of aromatic disulphoxides and snlphuric acid By Thomas Percy Hilditch The decomposition of aromatic disulphoxides by cold concentrahd sulphuric acid wits shown to be dependent chiefly on the number and position of the alkyl substituents in the aromat.ic nucleus.In all cases, however, the primary reaction can only be explained by supposing that the disulphoxide molecule undergoes hydrolytic fission with formation of a mixture of sulphinic and (unstable) sulphoxylic acids : R*SO*SO*R R*SO,H+R*S*OH. These intermediate products may then in certain cases unite to more complex derivatives, such as oxides of the diphenylene disul- phides, or, in presence of a phenolic ether, may suffer condensation to simple or complex sulphonium bases, according to t,he nature of the substitution in the aromatic residue. The compounds investigated were diphenyl-, di-p-phenetyl-, and di-pblyl methyl ether disulphoxide, both in presence of, and without the addition of, a phenolic ether (phenetole or ptolyl methyl ether).143. “The action of sodium hypophosphite on copper sulphate in aqueous sclution.” By James Brierley Firth and James Eckersley Myers. The authors have examined the above reaction in acid solution, and find that the composition of the product depends on the condi- 140 tions under which the reaction is carried out. The reaction proceeds through a series of stages, and finally yields a black substmce containing hydride, oxide, and phosphate of copper. This substance, when quite dry, is unstable, and frequently decomposes spontaneously on exposure to air, with the production of water, hydrogen, copper, copper oxide, and copper phosphate.144. Note on Borne metallic compounds of substituted ammonias.” By William Robert Lang. In continuation of his work on the metallic compounds of substi-t’uted ammonias (Lang and Rigaut, Trans., 1899, 75, 853; Lang, ihid., 1903, 83,724; Lang and Carson, Proc., 1903, 19,147; Lang and Jolliffe, ibid.; Lang and Carson, J. Amer. CAem. SOC.,1904, 26, 758; compare also Girardet, UdZ. Soc. clhim., 1910, [iv], 7, l028), the author has prepared a compouiid from cuprous thiocyanate and trimethylamine. Cuprous thiocyanate was carefully prepared, and subjected to the action of an excess of dry trimethylamine, the reaction vwsel- similar tc tbat employed in former experiments-being cooled by solid carbon dioxide.After remaining in contact with the copper salt for several days, the excess of methylamine was removed, and the resulting compound examined. A second and third application of trimethylamine, with subsequent drying and weighing, yielded the same result, namely, a compound corresponding with the formula CuSCN,N(CH3)3. 145. The decomposition of diethylenesulphidemethylsulphine hydroxide in aqueous solution.” By Leila Green and Brenda Sutherland. The hydroxide corresponding with the salts of diethylene-sulphidemethylsulphine decomposes spontaneously into water and a neutral oil (Masson, Trans., 1886, 49, 233; Mansfeld, Ber., 1886, 19, 696, 2658; V. Meyer, ibid., 3262). The authors have measured the velocity of this action at 55O in solutions sufficiently dilute to justify the simplifying assumption of total ionisation, using solutions of the pure hydroxide, and also others containing excess of hydroxyl (added sodium hydroxide), or of the sulphine cation (added C5HllS21).The results show that t,he action is of the second order, and that the velocity is directly proportional to the concentration of each of the ions of the oulphine base; or it may be represented by the equation: C,H,iS2* + OH =C5HlOS2 +HZO. 141 146. “Properties of binary mixtures of some liquefied gases." By Lancelot Salisbury Bagster. In a previous paper (Trans., 1910, 97,2607) an account was given by the author, in conjunction with Dr. B. D. Steele, of the vapour- pressure curves of binary mixtures of hydrogen sulphide with hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide.Hydrogen bromide gave a curve with a minimum, hydrogen iodide a straigh’t line. The freezing-point curves of the above mixtures have been determined in order to ascertain whether there was a corresponding difference. Both curves are of the same type. They are continuous, showing a minimum, but no eutectic point, being of the form produced by a system in which the solid phase consists of mixed crystals. Thus the difference indicated by the vapour-pressure curves is not borne out by the freezing points. 147. “Note on the monosodium salt of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3:6-disnlphonic acid.’’ By Percy May. The a,queous solution of the monosodium salt of 1-nitroso-2-naph- thol-3 :6-disulphonic acid, NO*C,,H,( OH) (S0,H)-S0,Na,$H20, is orange-red, becoming pink on dilution.Solutions of the neutral salts are dark green, turning to yellowish-green on dilution. 148. Synthesis of pinacones. Part I.” By William Parry, By the action of the appropriate Grignard reagent on ethyl a-hydroxyisobutyrate (Proc., 1909, 25, 305), the following pinacones have been prepared: (1) Pinacone, which was isolated in the form of its hydrate, OH-CMe, C Me,- OH ,6H,O, melting at 44-4 6O. (2) @-Methyl-y -ethylpenlane -By -diol, OH*CMe,*CEt,*OH; a colourless, viscid oil, boiling at 1003/20 mm., soluble in boiling wat’er. Repeated fractionation under atmospheric pressure results in the elimination of the elements of water with the production of diethylisopropenylcarbinol,CII,:CMe*CEt2-OH, which has an odour of camphor, and boils at 150--152O/i67 mm.(3) P-Uethyl-y-propylhexane -By -diol, OH*Cllle,*CPr“,*OH; R colourless, viscid oil, boiling at 10rj0/15 mm. It cannot be distilled under the ordinary pressure without losing the elements of water. (4) aa-Diyhenyl-13-methylpropane -a@ -diol, OI€*CMe,*CPh,*OH; white, silky needles, melting at 89--83’5*, and readily soluble in the 142 common organic media, with the exception of light petroleum. Aceti’c anhydride containing one or two drops of sulpliuric acid dehydrat,es it, wit.h the formation, probably, of a.s-diphenyldimet7~~2 ethylene oxide, yMr,>O, colourless prisms, melting at 44-45O.CPtl,1 (5) aa-Dibenzyl-&methylpropane-ap-dioI, OH CMe,*C(CH2Ph), OH ; colourless prisms, melting at 47AB0.At the same time a small quantity of an unsaturated alcohol is formed, which distils at 165--168O/ 12 mm., and is probably dib enzyliso~~openylca1.bino2, CH,:CMe*C (CH,Ph),*OH. (6) aa-Dinuphthyl-P-methylpropans-ap-dio2, OH*CM%*C(C,JI,),*OH ; small, white crystals, melting at 166-166’5O. The solid pinacones have normal molecular weight in dilute benzene solution. Experiments are now being conducted with ethyl a-ethyl-a-hydroxybutyrate, which appears to react in a different manner with the magnesium alkyl haloids. 149. ‘‘Amethod for the accurate estimation of traces of water in ether.” By Dan Tyrer. It is oocasionally of importance to detelrrnine with accuracy the amount of water contained in a sample of ‘‘ wet ” ether.A method susceptible of a great degree of accuracy can be based on the fact that the addition of a little water to ether greatly increases its solvent power for some solutes. The most, suitable substance which can be used as a solute is cadmium iodide. According to Eder (Dingl. Polytech. J.,1876, 221,lS9), cadmium iodide is soluble in “absolute” ether to the extent of 28 per cent. Using a very dry sample of ether, it was found by the author, however, that cadmium iodide is practically insoluble in ether. It is to be presumed that the high value obtained by Eder was due to t.he ether he used containing water and alcohol. In the following table is given the solubility of cadmium iodide at 12O in pure ether and in ether containing various quantities of water.The ether used was Eahlbaum’s pure material, prepared from ethyl alcohol, and thoroughly dried by twice distilling over phosphoric oxide. Grams of water in 100 of ether. Grams of CdI, per 100 of solvent. Grams of water in 100 of ether. Grams of CdI, per 100 of solvent. 0 -0 0’143 0.90 6.46 0.10 0.98 1‘00 7 *30 0-30 2.07 1’10 8.27 0-50 0 -70 3’36 4.77 1‘14 (saturated) 8.68 143 The above results were read from a smoothed curve of experi-mental values. On inspecting the tahle ‘it WiIl-be seen fhat an addition of 0.1 per cent. of water to dry ether increases the solu- bility of the cadmium iodide by about 0.64 unit. Now as the solubility can be determined with ease to within an error less than 0.01 unit, the percentage amount of water in the ether can be found to less than 0.001 unit.This method of analysis might be extended to the determination of traces of wat.er in the alcohols, it being only necessary to find a suitable solute and to obtain a perfectly anhydrous alcohol. 150. Equilibrium in the system : ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and water, and its apparent displacement by hydrogen chloride.” By William Jacob Jones and Arthur Lapworth. The authors find that the equilibrium constant in this liquid system appears to rise from the usually accepted value 4, to at least 8, when hydrogen chloride is present in wnsiderable quanti- ties. No ethyl chloride was formed during the experiments, the who10 of the hydrogen chloride being recovered.The observations are easily accounted for on the assumption that the hydrogen chloride unites with part of the water, and the numbers obtained at 25O suggest that one molecule of hydrogen chloride removes two molecules of water from the sphere of act ion. 151. ‘&The heat of hydrolysis of ethyl alcohol hydrochloride. A correction.” By William Jacob Jones and Arthur Lapworth. An arithmetical blunder led the authors to record the heat a,ssociated with the reaction : C,H,O,HCl+ H20 =C2H,0+H,O,HCl, or, more strictly: C,H,O,H’ +H,O =C,H,O + H,O,H’, in alcoholic solution, m, roughly, 1100 gram-calories. The true value is much greater than this, probably about 4300 gram-calories (compare this vol., p.101). 152. ‘‘Derivatives of silicoethane and silicoethylene.” By Frederic Stanley Kipping. For some time past the author has been making experiments on the linking together of silicon atoms, and in the course of this 144 work he has studied the action of sodium on various aryl and alkyl- aryl-substitution products of silicon tetrachloride. The investig% tion is still incomplete, but a preliminary note on the subject seems to be desirable in view of Schlenk, Renning, and Racky’s paper on hexaphenylsilicoethane, which has just been published (Ber., 1911, 44, 1178). Hexaphenylsilicoetr~ane,SiPh,*SiPh,, was prepared from tri-phenylsilicyl chloride by the author more than a.year ago; it crystallises well from tetrachloroethane, and melts at about 360O. The compounds obtained from the disubstitution products of silicon tetrachloride have properties very different from those of this saturated substance ; from phenylethylsilicon dichloride, for example, a compound having the composition of diphenyldiethyl-sihicoethylene, SiPhEt:SiPhEt, is easily produced, but it is a vitreous and easily fusible solid, readily soluble in most of the common solvents, except the alcohols. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. Presented by the .FumiZy of the late Dr. W.J.RusselE, F.R.S. Accum, Fredrick. Description of the process of manufacturing coal gas, . . . with elevations, sections and plans. pp. xvi + 334. ill. London 1819. Barlow, [Peter].Barlow’s Tables of squaree, cubes, square roots, cube roots, reciprocals of all integer numbers up to 10,000. Stereo-type edition, examined and corrected. pp. viii + 200. London 1840. Berzelins, Jons Juco6. Essai surila thPlorie des proportions chimiques et sur l’influonce chimique de 1’6lectricit6. Traduit du Suedois. pp. xvi+19O+[ii]+12O+[ii]. Paris 1819. Birch, Y’homus. The life of the4 Honourable Robert Boyle. pp. [iv] +458 + [xvi]. London 1744. Boyle, Robert. Philosophical works, Abridged . . . by Peter Shaw. 2nd edition, corrected. 3 vols. pp. [iv] +xliii + 730, xx + 726, [iv] +xv +iv + 756. ill. London 1738. -See Birch, Thomas. Davy, Sir Humphry. See Paris, John Ayrton. Kopp, Hermann. Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der neuren Zeit.pp. xxii + 854. Munchen 1873. Lavoisier, Antoine Luurent. Traite elementaire de chimie, presente dans un ordre nouveau et d’apres les decouvertes modernes. 2nd edition. pp. xliv + 323, viii + 327. Paris 1793. 145 Parie, John Ayrton. The life of Sir Humphry Davy. 2 vols. pp. xvi,+ 416, viii + 463. London 1831. Pellatt, Apsley. Curiosities of gloss-making. With details of the processes and productions of ancient and modern ornamental glass manufacture. pp. vi + 146. ill. London 1849. Valentine, Basil. The triumphant chariot of antimony, being a conscientious discovery of the many real1 transcendent excellencies included in that minerall. Faithfully Englished and published for the common good by J. H. Oxon. Printed for Thomas Bruster, and are to be sold at the three Bibles neere the West end of Paules Church-Yard in London, 1660.A rare first edition not mentioned in the bibliographies and differing from the 1661 edition in date and publisher. THE FARADAY LECTURE. The Faraday Lecture, entitled, ‘‘ The Fundamental Properties of the Elements,” will be delivered by Professor Theodore W. Richards, of Harvard University, on Wednesday, June 14th, 1911, at 8 p.m. The Lecture will be given, by the kind permission of the Managers, in the theatre of the Royal Institution, 21, Albernarle Street, W. Admission will be by ticket only. Each Fellow of the Society is entitled to two tickets, which may be obtained on application tothe Assistant Secretary, Chemical Society, Burlington House, W.RESEARCH FUND. A meeting of the Research Fund Committee will be held in June next. Applications for grants, t’o be made on forms which can be obtained from the Assistant Secretary, must be received on, or before, Monday, June 5th, 1911. All persons who received grants in June, 1910, or in June of any previous year, whose accounts have not been declared closed by the Council, are reminded that reports must be in the hands of the Hon. Secretaries not later than Thursday, June 1st. The Council wish to draw special attention to the fact that the 146 income arising from the donation of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths is to be more or less specially devoted to the encour-agement of research in inorganic and metallurgical chemistry.Furthermore, that the income due to the sum accruing from the Perkin Memorial Fund is to be applied to investigations relaking to problems connected with the coal-tar and allied industries. At the next Ordinary Scientific Meeting on Thursday, June lst, 1911, at 8.30 p.m., the following papers will be communicated: “ The dissociation pr5ssures of the alkali bicarbonates. Part I, Sodium hydrogen carbonate.” By R. M. Caven and H. J. S. Sand. “The absorptioii spectra of cinchonine, quinine, and their isomerides.” By J. J. Dobbie and A. Lauder. I‘ The iufluence of conjugated linkings on general absorptive power. Part 11. Some open-chain and cyclic compounds.” By C. R. Crymble, A. W. Stewart, R. Wright‘, and Miss F. W. Rea. “The constituents of the bulb of Bztphane Distichn.” By F. Tutin. (‘New derivatives of aminolauronic acid.” By J. Weir. ‘‘ The triazo-group. Part XVIII. B-Triazoethylamine.” By M. 0. Forster and S. H. Newman. ‘(The interaction of formic acid and cellulose.” By C. F. Cross and E. J. Bevan. “ Configuration of the stereoisomeric dibromosuccinic acids.” (Preliminary note.) By A. McKenzie. RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, BREAD ST. HILL, E.C., Aa7D HUNQAI’, SUFFOLK.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9112700131
出版商:RSC
年代:1911
数据来源: RSC
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