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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 27, No. 392 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 27,
Issue 392,
1911,
Page 271-302
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[Isxicad 29111/11 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Vol. 27. No.392. Thursday, November 16th, 1911., at 8.30 p.m., Professor PERCYF. FRAXKLAND,LL.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Mr. R. W. Merriman was formally admitted a Fellow of the Society. The PRESIDENTread the following letter: HOMEOFFICE, WHITEHALL. July 24th, 1911. SIR, I am commanded by the Eing to oonvey to you hereby His Majesty's thanks for the Loyal and Dutiful Address of the Presi- dent, Council, and Fallows of the Chemical Society on the occasion of Their Majesties' Coronation. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, (Signed) WINSTONS. CHURCHILL. To the Hon. Secretaries, The Chemical Society, Burlington House, London, w. 272 The PRESIDENTmade the following statements : (a) An Address had been presented, on behalf of the Society, to the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin, on the occasion of the centenary commemoration of Amedeo Avogadro : THECHEMICALSOCIETY TO THE ROYALACADEMY SCIENCESOF OF TURIN.GREETING, We, the President and Officers, desire on behalf of the Chemical Society to associate ourselves with you in doing honour to the memory of your illustrious compatriot, Amedeo Avogadro. Of all the pillars upon which the edifice of modern chemistry is supported there is assuredly none more fundamental, excepting the atomic theory, than the famous and illuminating hypothesis formulated one hundred years since by Avogadro. It would be difficult to exaggerate the indebtedness of Chemical Science to the great Italian Physicist, whose inspired fancy penetrated so deeply into the mysteries of the gaseous state of matter that he was able to reveal its ultimate and quantitative structure to the world. We would take the opportunity of this Centenary Commemora- tion to congratulak Italy, not only on this magnificent conception of Avogadro, but also on its far-reaching fructification nearly fifty years; later through the genius of Stanislao Cannizzaro.Signed on behdf of the Chemical Society: PERCY President.I?. FRANKLAND, ALEXANDER Treasurer.SCOTT, G. T. MORGAN Honorary ARTHUR 1Secretaries.W. CROSSLEY HORACE Poreign Secretary.T. BROWN, Dated this Twentieth Day of July, ‘One Thousand Nine Hundred and Eleven. (6) A Committee had been formed with the object of raising funds for the purpose of erecting a memorial to the memory of Jacobus Eenricus van’t Hoff, who died on March lst, 1911.It is proposed to erect a statue of van’t Hoff in Amsterdam, where he carried out most of his teaching work, and made most of his important discoveries. Further, to found an “International van’t Hoff Institution,” from the funds of which Institution scientific investigations will be supported. Subscriptions may be sent to the Treasurer of the Society (Dr. A. Scott). 273 (c) A communication has been received from Professor A. Haller stating that it is propmd to raise a memorial to the late Professor Paul Schutzenberger, and inviting subscriptions to the fund, which should be sent to M.Emile Blondel, 2, rue Amphre, Rouen. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of ~essm.: Thomas Sharp Dick, 15, South Street, Greenwk, N.B. Harold Forster D&n, 6, Lune Street, Saltburn-by-the-Sea. Ernest George Gaul, M.Sc., The College, Holmes Chapel, Cheshire. Herbert Middletou, M.Sc., 7, Howard Street, Horton Lane, Bradford. Certificates have been authorised by the Council for presentation to ballot under Byelaw I (3) in favour of Messrs. : Charlea Christian Gardthausen, Assistant Curator, Geological Survey, Pretoria. James Hogan Hill, c/o Opium Agent, Ghazipur, U.P., India. Gaston NiliB-Martin, S. African Sugar Refineries, Ltd., South Comt Junction, Natal. John Ffraid Richardson, Government Quinine Factory, Mungpu, P.O., Sonada, D.H.Railway, India. Alexey Mlkhailovich Vassiliev, The University, Kasan, Russia. Of the following papers, those marked * were read: *286. “,Chemical examination of Calabar beans.” By Arthur Henry Salway. In connexion with the preparation of a quantity of the alkaloid physostigmine (eserine), the opportunity wi~staken for a more complete examination of the other constituents of Calabar beans. The physostigmine, C,,H,,02N3, thus obtained melted at 86-87O, whereas the recorded melting point of this alkaloid is 105-106°, which was fsound to agree with a pure commercial specimen of physostigmine. This discrepancy was proved to be due to the fact that the alkaloid is dimorphous.In addition to the above alkaloid, the following compounds were isolated: A new alkaloid, physo-uenine, C14H,803N2 (m. p. 123O); a new dihydric alcohol, calabarol, C,,H,O, (m. p. 245O), which yields a dibenzoyE derivative, melting at 195-196O; trifolianoi, C21H36O4 ; and palmitic, steiaric, behenic, oleic, add linolic acids. A considerable amount of sugar was also present, which yielded d-phenylglucosazone (m. p. 205O). The alkaloid eseramine (m. p. 245O) and the compounds designated as stigmasterol, C3,H4,0, and sitosterol, (&Hk60,which had previously 274 been isolated from Calabar beans, were also obtained. It was, however, not found possible to confirm the statements respecting the presence in Calabar beans of the alkaloids designated as “ eseridine ” and “ isophysostigmine ” respectively.DISCUSSION. Dr. VELEYinquired if the author had studied any physiological properties of his purified samples of physostigmine (eserine) or its salb, such as the hydrochloride or hydrobromide. Having regard to the poisonous properties of the Calabar bean, from which the base is obtained, experiments on the effects on isolated muscle or nerve of the constituent base would be of especial importance in medicelegal cases. Dr. SALWAYstated that the new alkaloid physovenine, CI4Hl8O3N2, possessed powerful myotic properties, being similax in this respect to physostigmine, but that its physio1ogica.l action had not been further determined. “287. ‘‘Organic derivatives of antimony.Part 11. The orienting influence of antimonic substituents in the benzene nucleus.” By Gilbert T. Morgan and Frances 116. G.Micklethwait. When treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acids, pheiiylsLibinic acid, djphenylstibinic acid, and triphenyl-stilbine hydroxynitrate yield nitro-derivatives containing one nitro- group in each benzene nucleus present in themolecule. The orientac tion of these nitregroups with respect to the antimonic radicles ww determined by suspending the nitrecompounds in dry chloroform, and heating with a, mixkure of phosphorus pentabromide and bromine at 120-140O. These reagents bring about the replacement of antimony by bromine, the fission produck being 1-bromo-3-nitro- benzene and antimony bromide.The presence of quinquevdent antimony in the benzene ring determines the introduction of a nitro-group in accordance with the mehlaw of substitution. m-Nitro phemyls t i binic acid, NO,*C,H,* SbO(OH),, di-m-nitrod& phenylstibinic acid, (N02=C,H4),SbO*~~H,and t&-m-nitrotr!@heny& stibhic acid, (NO,*C,FL,),Sb(OH),, axe sparingly soluble, yellowish- white, amorphous compounds, yielding soluble alkali salts. The reduction of the last of therse acids leads to the formation of tm‘-m- aminotriphenyls tibine (NH2*C6H4),Sb. The prolonged interaction of triphenylstibine and antimony chloride in xylene solution at 240° results in the formation of diphenylstibine chloride and phenylstibine dichloride : 2Ph,Sb + 4SbC1, =3Ph2SbC1+3SbC1, 6PhSbC1, 275 (compare Hasenbaumer, Ber., 1898, 31, 2911 ; Michaelis and Gunther, Bcr., 1911, 44, 3316).DISCUSSION. Dr. YYMANpointed out that Ehrlich and Bertheim (Ber., 1907, 40, 3297) proved the orientation of p-aminophenylarsinic acid by converting it into p-iodoaniline by boiling with sulphuric acid and potassium iodide, and inquired whether the authors had tried this method on their aminophenylstibinic acids. Dr. MORGANreplied that the method had been tried, but had proved to be inapplicable in the case of the antimony compounds dealt with. *288. Aminoalkylglyoxalies.” By Frank Lee Pyman. For comparison of their physiological activity with that of 4(or 5)-/3-aminoethylglyoxaline (I), several aminoalkylglyoxalines have been prepared: I I ICH,-CH2*NH, CH,*NH, CH,*CH,*CHMe*NH, (1.1 111.) (111.) 4(or 5)-Aminomethylglyoxaline(11) was obtained by the oxidation of 2-thiol-4(or 5)-aminomethyIglyoxalinewith ferric chloride. y-Amino-4(or 5)-6utylglyoxuZine (111)was formed on the reduc-tion of the oxime of y-ketol(or 5)-butylglyoxali~te, C,H3N2*CH2*CH2-COMe, a base resulting from the hydrolysis of ethyl 4(or 5)-glyoxaline- methylacetoacetab. /3 y-Bis[4(or 5)-glyoxaline]p~opylamine, C;H,N,-CH,*CH(CH,*NH2)*C3H3N2, resulted from the reduction of aS-bis[4(or 5)-glyoxaline]propio- nitrile.l-MetlllyF4-8-~minoet~~lg~~oxaZine(IV) and l’-methyl-5-j3amino-ethylglyoxaline (V) were prepared by reducing 1-methyl-$-cyan+ methylglyoxaline and l-methyl-5-cyammethylglyoxaline respectively, the two isomerides produced by methylating 4(or 5)-cyanomethyl- glyoxaline : NH,-CH,*CH,*R*NMe>CH.CH--N- 276 289.“The influence of neutral solvents on velocity of reaction, Part I. Transformation of anisspaldoxime in various solvents.” By Thomas Stewart Patterson and Harvey Hugh Montgomerie. The influence of various neutral solvents on the rate of trans-formation of anissynaldoxime in the presence of ethyl tartrate was described, the results being discussed in connexion with other work of a similar character. 290. (‘Copper salts and their behaviour with alkalis.” By Spencer Umfreville Pickering. Copper salts of organic acids containing no alcoholic hydroxyl react with alkalis ko form insoluble basic salts, whilst those of the oxy-ads form soluble cupri-compounds, either of the cis-or trams-description; in some cases a certain amount of basic salt is also formed.trans-Cbpri-salts of monobasic acids are, in nearly every case, very unstable. Furt’her evidence that copper in cupri-salts is present as CuO, and not as copper displacing hydrogen, was obtained in several cases, especially in that of the salicylate and malate, the latter being of importance, because the compound in question must be of the cis-type, and former evidence applied chiefly to compounds of the tram-type. In the case of copper glycerate, a cupri-compound has been obtained, differing in composition from the normal salt only by the elements of water, but certainly not being a mere hydrate.The two compounds have very different solubilities, cdours, and decom- position temperatures ; and in solution the cupri-compound may easily be converted into the normal salt. ThirteeTi basic salh precipitated by alkali from salts of acids containing no alcoholic hydroxyl conform to f ormulze representing 1, 3, or 7CuO united with a molecule of the normal salt. Besides these, about twenty new compounds have been obtained. 291. ‘‘Contributions to the chemistry of the terpenes. Part XII. Synthesis of a menthadiene from thymol, and of a diethylcyclo- hexadiene from phenol.” By George Gerald Henderson and Robert Boyd. Thymomenthol (hexahydrothymol), C,H,,*OH, obtained by hydrogenating thymol according to Sabatier and Senderens’ method, when heated with anhydrous oxalic acid yields as an inter-mediate product thyrnomenthyl oxalate, a crystalline solid, melting 277 at 90°, and finally A3-menthene, CJII8.This hydrocarbon unites with bromine to form a.n oily dibromide, C10H18Br2, which when heated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide yields a menthadiene, ClOHl6, probably the Az:4-isomeride, a liquid which boils at 173-174’. 3 :5-Diethylphenol, prepared synthetically from phenol, is con-verted into 1:3-dieti~ylcyclohexan-5-oZ,C,,R,,*OH, a liquid boiling at 203-205O when heated with hydrogen in presence of nickel. When dehydrated with anhydrous oxalic acid, the latter compound yields 1: 3-diethykA~-cyclohexene,C10R18, a liquid which boils at 163--166O, and unites with bromine, forming an oily dibromide, Cl,H18Br2.On treatment with alcoholic potassium hydroxide, the dibromide yields a 1:3-diethyZcyclohexadiene,CI0Hl6,probably the ~!.3:5-isomeride, a liquid which boils at 166-16B0, and resembles in several respects the monocyclic terpenes. 292. (( The synthesis of damasceninic acid (2-methylamino-3-methoxy-benzoic acid).” (Preliminary note.) By Arthur James Ewhs. The alkaloid darnasceniae is readily converted into the isomeric damasceninic aid (Pommerehne, Arch. Phamn., 1900, 238,531). The latter was shown to be 2-methylamino-3-methoxybenzoicacid by Eeller, who unsuccessfully attempted its synthesis from methyl- anthranilic acid (Arch. Pharm., 1908, 246, 1).The acid has now been synthesised from m-hydroxybenzoic acid by a series of reactions represented as follows: OH OMe OMe ,,GO,€€ -+ /\NO, j/CO,H OMe OpvZe ANHM~ --3 !,,!CO,R Since damasceninic acid can be reconverted into the original alkaloid (Keller, Zoc. cit.), the synthesis of the latter is virtually accomplished. 293. “The oxidation of camphene with hydrogen peroxide.” (Acorrection.) By George Gerald Henderson and Maggie Millen Jeffs Sutherland. Geh. Rat Professor Dr. Bredt has pointed out to the authors what they had unfortunately overlooked, that the name ‘‘ camphylic acid” which they proposed for the acid C,,H,,O, (m. p. 95O), obtained by oxidising camphene with hydrogen peroxide (Hender- son and Sutherland, Trans., 1911, 99, 1539), has already been applied by Perkin to the acid which he prepared by fusing sulphe camphylic acid with potassium hydroxide.Professor Aschan has also informed the authors that he has found an acid which appa- rently is identical with theirs among the products of the oxidation of camphene with potassium permanganate in acetic acid at a low temperature, and he suggests for it the name ‘‘camphenanic acid.” As this name is very appropriate, the authors are glad to adopt the suggestion, and to designate the acid melting at 95O camphemnic instead of carnphylic acid. 294. ‘(Note on the preparation of labile benzaldehyde- phenylhydrazone.” By Ferdinand Bernard Thole. Thiele and Pickard have shown (Ber., 1898, 31, 1250) that ordinary benzaldehydephenylhydrazone is converted into a labile form when its suspension in acetic anhydride is treated with concentrated sulphuric acid and the resulting solution is poured into water.The author has experienced some difficulty in obtain- ing this prdud in a crystalline condition, but a good yield of the labile isomeride has been obtained by the method recently described (Dunstan and Thole, this vol., p. 233) for the preparation of syn-oximes. Powdered benzaldehydephenylhydrazolne is suspended in concen-trated hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen chloride passed in to saturation. The raulting red suspension when poured into excess of sodium carboqate gives a bulky, yellowish-white precipitate of the labile phenylhydrazone.The product crystallises readily from glacial acetic acid, and is evidently identical with that described by Thiele and Pickard (Found, N =14-30. Calc., N= 14.29 per cent.). It melts at 136O, is very ~luble in the ordinary organic solvents, and on repeated crystallisation is slowly transformed into the stable modification (m. p. 152O). The substance is evidentIy not identical with the azo-compound, CGH,*CH,*N:N*C,H,,which has been recently described as a yellow oil (AnnaZen, 1910, 376, 265). When the stable modification is moistened with ether and expmed to a current of dry hydrogen chloride, it assumes an orange-red colour, and an increase in weight is obtained approximating to that demanded by the addition of two molecular proportions of hydrogen chloride.Attempts are being made to prepare other labile isomerides by the method described above. 279 295. “The separation of mixtures of organic acids by partial esterification.” By John Joseph Sndborongh and Ebenezer Rees Thomas. The authors are able to show that mixtures of the following types: an ab-unsaturated acid and its saturated analogue; an a/3-unsaturated acid and the 0y-immeride;an a/3-unsaturated acid and the y8-isomeride, can be readily separated by partial esterific* tion, using t.he catalytic method. Under suitable conditions the separation is practically complete after one treatment with alcoholic hydrogen chloride. The method possesses many advantages over Fitbig’s method of separating mixtures of aS-and By-unsaturated acids, more particularly it5 both acids can be recovered.296. (‘Preparation of the ketones of the higher fatty acids.” By Thomas Hill Easterfield and Clara Millicent Taylor. The authors find that the ketones of the saturated higher fatty acids are very conveniently prepared by heating the acids with about one-tenth their weight of cast-iron turnings to a temperature of about 3603. The method gives good results with the acids from lauric to melissic. Stearic acid gives an 80 per cent. yield of stearoue. The unsaturated acids oleic, elaidic, and brassidic also yield ketones when heated with metallic iron, but the yield is not so good as in the case of the saturated acids. Oleone was shown to be present in commercial “ distillation ” chic acid.The method does not give satisfactory results with acetic, butyric, phenylacetic, benzoic, suberic, or sebacic acids. The following new compounds were described : Biheptadecylcar-binol, m. p. 89*5O, and ib acetate, m. p. 56-61O. Cerotoneoxime, m. p. 78O. Dipentacosylcarbiml, m. p. 95O, and its acetate, m. p. 58-60°. Nontanone, C55H1100,m. p. 97O, and its oxime, m. p. 82.5O. The corresponding secondq alcohol, C55H1120,m. p. lolo, and its acetate, m. p. 66O. Melissone, m. p. 99.5O, and ite oxime, m. p. 84O. Oleone, C,,H,,O, m. p. 59O, and its oxime, m. p. 31O. Elaidone, m. p. 70°, and its oxime, m. p. 32O. Brassidone, m. p. 80°, and its oxime, m. p. 51O. The ketone of erucic acid was not obtained in a pure state.297. ‘‘Complex thio-oxalates.” By Charles Stanley Robinson and Humphrey Owen Jones. In a former paper (Jones and Tasker, Trans., 1909, 95,1904) it was shown that solutions of potassium dithimxalate gave an 280 intense magenta colour with a solution of a nickel salt and an intense brown with a cobalt salt; these colours were still visible in solutions containing 1 part of the metal in 40,000,000 parts of water. The behaviour of these solutions indicated the presence of a complex salt, and the authors have now prepared several of these complex salts and others containing palladium or rhodium. The salts derived from nickel, palladium, and iron have the general formula MI’ (C‘OS)4M’,. Potassium, sodium, ammonium, barium, lead, aniline, and phenyltrimethylammonium salts of nickelo-dithio-oxalic acid have been prepared.The molecular weights in solution and the electrical conductivities show that these salts are derived from a dibasic acid. The salts containing cobalt or rhodium correspond with the formula M”’(COS),M’, ; determinations of molecular weight and electrical conductivities show that these are derived from a tribasic acid. Aqueous solutions of nickelo-dithio-oxalic acid have been pre-pared, and have nearly the same conductivity as equivalent solutions of sulphuric acid, so that this acid is about as strong as sulphuric acid. These solutions decompose gradually on keeping. 298. ‘‘ The absorption spectra of various iodine derivatives of benzene and toluene as vapours, in solution and in thin films.” By John Edward Purvis.The results proved that, in the ultraaiolet regions, neither the vapours nor the alcoholic solutions, nor the thin films of iodo benzene, 0-and m-iodotoluene, and 0-and m-di-iodobenzene exhi- bited any bands of selective absorption, which had been found previously in the corresponding chlorine and bromine compounds under similar physical conditions, although the number of bands in the latter compounds is decreased a3 the weight and type of the substituted atom or group of atoms is increased. The phenomena were discussed from a, consideration of the heavier iodine atom still further damping and dislocating the vibrations, so that the rhythmical oscillations or vibrations are destroyed, and no selective absorption is possible.299. The transformation of ammonium cyanate into carbamide.” By Frederick Daniel Chattaway. The course of the reaction which takes place when ammonium cyanate is transformed into carbamide has never been satisfactorily exp 1 ain ed . 281 Up to a few years ago it was universally regarded as a peculiar case of isomeric change, and no consideration was given to the process by which the conversion is effected. A review of the evidence leads to the conclusion that the explana- tion put forward by IYalker and his co-workers is not correct, and that in the transformation, ammonium and cyanic ions play directly no part. The change of non-electrolytically dissociated ammonium cyanate into carbamide appears to be a simple process only until the atomic readjustments consequent upon it are considered.It is then seen that if it is to be regarded as an intramolecular rearrangement, it is altogether unusual and exceptional. The production of carbamide from ammonium cyanate and a large number of other reactions of allied compounds can be brought into harmony if they are regarded as instances of the well-known tendency of the carbonyl group to combine with groups such as R,NH or B-OH, followed by subsequent atomic rearrangements involving only the transference of a hydrogen atom from an oxygen atom to a nitrogen atom, doubly linked to the carbon atom with which it is associated, thus: The conversion of ammonium cyanate into carbamide should therefore be formulated as follows: NH,XC:O zEIN:C:O+NH, =HN:c<O~ tH,N-CO*NH,,*H2 What has hitherto been regarded as the oldest and best known example of isomeric change is therefore not a case of isomeric change at all, but a reaction between cyanic acid and ammonia, exactly analogous to the reactions between isocyanic esters and ammonia or amines, whereby substituted carbamides are formed.300. ‘‘The condensation of ethyl citraconate with ethyl sodio-malonate. Formation of cyclopentanone-4-carboxylic acid.” (Preliminary note.) By Edward Hope. This condensation has been previously examined by several investigators with widely differing results (Michael, J. p.Chem., 1887, [ii], 35,354; Auwers, Kobner, and v.Meyenburg, Ber., 1891, 24, 2893 ;Michael and Schulthess, J. pr. Chem., 1892, [ii], 45, 57 ; Ruhernsnn and Cunnington, Trans., 1898, 73,1010;Michael, Ber., 1900, 33,3757). As was first pointed out by Michael (Ber., 1900, 83,3757), the solvent employed has an extraordinary influence on the course of the interaction. In etherd solution, condensation 282 occurs, according to Michael, in the normal manner, with the pro- duction of ethyl P-methylpropane-aSyy-tetracarboxylate(I), but in alcoholic solution the cyclobutane derivative (11) is supposed to be produced : CMe(C0,Et)C0,Et.C H ,-CMe(CO,E t)*CH(CO,Et), C0,Et *CH<CH(Co,Et)>GO (1.) (11.1 The importance of such a, simple method for synthesising cyclo- butane derivatives led the present author to examine the reaction more closely with the object, if possible, of extending its applica- tion.It was fsound, however, that the above assumptions regard- ing the course of the reaction were erroneous. In ether or benzene solution, ethyl citrmonate and the sodium derivative of ethyl malonab: yield ethyl butaneuafly-tetracarboxylate(111), because CO,Et.CHMe*CH(CO,Et)*CH(C?O,Et), (111.) CO,E t-CH2*CH(C0,E t)*CH,*CH(CO,Et), (IT.) 011 hydrolysis this ester (111) gives a mixture of the well-known stereoisomeric butane-spy-tricarboxylic acids (m. p. 186O and 118-1 52O respectively). In alcoholic solution the nature of the product depends on the temperature at which the reaction is conducted. At the ordinary temperature the main product is ethyl butane-uaB6-tetra- carboxylate (TV), probably produced by the isomerisation of ethyl citraconate to ethyl itaconate, followed by the condensation of the latter with ethyl sodiomalonate in the normal manner.At the temperature of the steam-bath, however, the ethyl butane-aaklb-tetracarboxylate first produced undergoes internal condensation, with the formation of a cyclopentane derivative. From the product of the reaction a keto-acid was obtained (m.p. 60-62O), which gave a semicarbazone (m. p. 196-198O) and an oxime (m. p. 177--179O).* This acid was compared directly, and found to be identical with the cyclopentanone-4-carboxylicacid (V) described by Kay and Yerkin (Trans., 1906, 89,1646): (V.1 It; seems clear that the substance (I)is not formed in the above Condensation, because the author hw been unable to isolate even traces of B-methyltricarballylic acid from the products of hydm * The m.p.of this oxime is erroneously given by Kay and Perkin as 141", instead of 177-179". lysis, and, indeed, this acid, which the author hopes to prepare, is at present unknown. The author is also engaged in the further investigation of the mechanism of the formation of cyclic substances in reactions similar to that represented above. 301. (L The relative activities of certain organic iodo-compounds.” (Preliminary note.) By David Segaller. The reactivities of some alkyl iodidesl with sodium phenoxide in alcoholjc solution have been measured.The author finds in this reaction a normal decrease of the velocity constant with increase in molecular weight. The following iodides have been investigated : methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl, isoamyl, tcrt.-amyl, hexyl. An abnormal result is obtained in the case of isopropyl iodide. Measurements are being made at various tem-peratures, and the investigation is being extended to other iodides and iodo-derivatives. 302. 4‘ Some a’-derivativesof camphor.’’ By James Ernest Harsh. When bromine acts on camphor mercuribromide, CI0Hl50,HgBr, the main product besides mercury bromide is a’-bromocamphor. Hence in the monomercuri-derivatives of camphor the mercury occupies the a’-position. The author has shown (Trans., 1910, 97, 240) that in the dimercuri-compounds the ad-position is occupied by the mercury.When therefore th3 men* are obtained from the di-derivatives the mercury in the a-position is replxed by hydrogen, whilst that in the a’-pcrsition remains. The production of a’-bromo-camphor in another way, and its properties have been already described by the author (Trans., 1890, 57, 528). Whereas the crystals of ordinary a-bromocamphor show double refraction, Mr. T. V. Barker has found that a’-bromocamphor gives singly refracting crystals. 303. 6‘ The velocity of addition of alkyl bromides to cyclic tertiary bases.” By Frank Stevenson Long. The rates at which various alkyl bromides, especially isoamyl, isobutyl, and isopropyl bromides, combine with pyridine, a-and @-picolines, and quinoline in myl-alcoholic solution have been determined at 92’6O.It was found that isoamyl bromide reads, on the average, seven times, and isopropyl bromide three times, more rapidly than isobutyl 284 bromide. These results, on comparison with those of other workers, seem to indicat-s that isopropyl compounds, owing to their secondary nature, are not strichiy comparable with isobutyl and isoamyl compounds, since with some reagents they are more, and with others less, reactive than the other alky! bromides. Except for this there is manifested considerable regularity explicable on steric hypo theses. 304. “ The essential oil of Origanum hirtum, Link.” (Preliminary note.) By Samuel Shrowder Pickles. The Origanum oils are moetly obtained from countries border- ing on the Mediterranean, and the two chief varieties known in commerce are (I) Trieste origanum (411, and (2) Smyrna origanum oil.It has long been assumed that the former is the product of 0. hirt7[m, Link, and an oil was examined by Jahns in 1879 (Arch. Pharm., 1879, 215, I) which was obtained from a plant identified by Grioebach as 0. hirtum, Lk. This oil consisted mostly of carvacrol, no thymol being found in it. Early in the present year a consignment of herb described aa “Origanum Plant ” was received at the Imperial Institute from the Trieste Commercial Museum. Specimens of this material were identified at thr: Royal Gardens, Kew, as 0. hirtum, Link. On chemical examination, however, the phenolic constituents of the oil obtained from this plant by distillation with steam were found to consist almost entirely of thymol, carvacrol being apparently absent.The dry plant yielded 3.3 per cent. of a pale yellow oil, which possessed a pronounced odour of thymol and a burning taste. It gave the following results on examination: D15 0.9440, a, (in 100 mnz. tube) +O054/. The oil wm soluble to a clear solution in 2.8 parts of 70 per cent. alcohol. An wtimation of the phenols present by absorption in dilute sodium hydroxide solution gave 64.4 per cent. by volume, equivalent to 66-67 per cent. by weight. A determination of the thymol present by conversion of the latter into its iodine derivation gave 68.4 per cent.of thymol (by weight). On seeding the original oil with a crystal of pure thymol, it rapidly deposited large quantities of this substance in beautiful crystals and in an a.pproximately pure condition. The phenolic portion of the oil separated by means of sodium hydroxide solidified com-pletely. Traces of another phenolic substance which gave a deep red coloration with ferric chloride were also observed. This oil appears to be very similar to one recently examined by Schimmel & Co. (Rcport, October, 1911, p. 63). 285 305. ‘‘ The essential oil of Dalmatian white thyme.” (Preliminary note.) By Samuel Shrowder Pickles. A supply of this herb has recently been received at the Imperial Institute from the Commercial Museum of Trieste.Specimens of the plant were submitted to the Royal Gardens, Kew, for botanical examination, and it was there identified aa Satureia, sp., possibly one of the many forms of S. montana, Linn., which is often difficult to distinguish from S. cuneifolh, Tenore. The dry herb, when distilled in a current of steam, yielded 1.64 per cent. of an oil possessing the characteristic dour of carvacrol. It had a sharp, burning taste, and a golden-yellow colour. The oil had D;; 0.9548, aD -l03/, and contained 68-75 per cent. of phenolic constituentx, mostly carvacrol (nitroscxompound, m. p. 153-154O). The oil was soluble to a clear solution in 2.7 parts of 70 per cent. alcohol. The non-phenolic constituents of the oil are under examination. This oil appears to be very similar to one recently examined by Schimmel & Co.(Report, October, 1911, p. 109). 306. (( The molecular configuration of 1-methylcyclohexylidene-4-acetic acid and of the oxime of cyclohexanone-4-carboxylicacid.” By Arthur Ernest Everest. In their paper on ‘‘Optically active derivatives of 1-methylcyczo-hexylidene-4-acetic acid ” (Trans., 1911, 99, 1510) Perkin and Pope summararily dismiss the points raised by the author (Chern. News, 1909, 100, 295) regarding the correctness of their view (Perkin, Pope, and Wallach, Trans., 1909, 95, 1789) that, the compound under discussion contains no asymmetric carbon atom. In view of the fact that the matter is of some considerable importi ance-Perkin and Pope in their paper (ibid., p.1511) say: ‘‘The discovery of the new type of optically active substances referred tol involves a considerable extension of the whole subject of stereo-chemistry”-the author feels that a few further words on the subject will not be out of place. From the outset the author wishes to point out that, as has already been mentioned in the Chemical Society’s Annual Reports for 1909, his views are quite readily applicable to the case of the oxime of cyclohexanon~-carboxylicacid (111), described by Mills and Bain (TTUTLS.,1910, 97, 1866), and regarding which they say (Em.cit.) : ‘‘These substances may possess a certain interest in that they provide another example of compounds of which, like d-md I-inositol, a& d-and Z-l-methylcycZbhexylidene4-acetic aids 286 (Perkin, Pope, and Wallach, Zoc.cit.), the molecular asymmetry is more fittingly defined with reference to the configuration of the molecule as a whole than expressed in terms of the presence of some ‘asymmetric atom.’ ” The criticism contained in the author’s previous paper (Zoc. cit.) was summed up in two alternative questions; Perkin and Pope have not satisfactorily answered either, but as justification for their claims they make three remarks, which, however, have no such effect. Their first remark (Zoc. cit.) reads: ‘(An asymmetric atom is never the cause of optical activity ; optical activity is apparently invariable, and asymmetry of a carbon atom is, in special cases, the result of enantiomorphism of molecular configuration.Optical activity and the presence in the molecule of an asymmetric atom cannot be considered as mutually related in the sense of cause and effect.” This statement compared with one made in their former paper on this subject, and which reads thus: “ The optical activity is, in fact’, not, as is still sometimes stated, due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom, but originates in the enantiomorphous molecular configuration.” gives the whole of their pmition. If, now, the contention of Perkin and Pope be proved correct, namely, that they, and Mills: and Bain, have indeed produced com- pounds showing optical activity, yet containing no asymmetric atom withii~their respective molecules, then the; author agrees that the abovs statements must be accepted; but, the author has shown- and in the present paper further supports his contentions-that both of the substances under discussion do contain an asymmetric carbon atom within their respective molecules.This being so, the author is of the opinion that the evidence bearing on this subject in litera- ture is more likely to support his statement that it is a “ generally accepted theory that the optical activity of a substance is due to the presence in it of an asymmetric atom,” than to support the above statements of Perkin and Pope. On the other hand, the author would point out that such evidence as has thus far been gathered cannot be said to prove either of these statements. In connexion with this, however, it is of interest to read a few lines which, if not written by Perkin, must at least have been assented to by him; thus on p.544 of “ Organic Chemistry,” by Perkin and Kipping, we read : (‘That the property of rotating the plane of polarised light is due to the presence in the molecule of an asymmetric carbon atom is now practically proved by the fact that all optically active compounds of known constitution contain a carbon atom united in this way. . . .” Now Perkin’s change of view was quite natural when describing 287 what was then thought to be the first case of an optically active substance in the molecule of which there was no asymmetric atom, but, now that the substance has been shown to contain an asp-metric carbon atom within its molecule, does not the work only strengthen the proof spoken of in the passage from Perkin and Kipping referred to above? In their second statement [Zoc.cit., (b) p. 15111 the first portion makes it quite clear that Perkin and Pope admit the author’s contention that the configuration of the remainder of t’he molecule is different when taken either way, relative to the carbon atom (l), for they deny having made the assumption that it was not so. In ths second portion they give what is, presumably, their reason for ccnsidering--despite their statement in the first portion of this remark-that carbon atom (1) is not asymmetric. The author shows elsewhere in this paper that such an argument cannot stand. Their statement (c), by reason of partial quotation, is not a true representatioii of the author’s views.His view is, that carbon atom (1) of 1-methylcyclohexylidene-4-aceticacid has each of its four valencies differently occupied, and is hence asymmetric. This view is quite clear in his former paper, and had Perkin and Pope even considered the whole of their original quotation from that paper, instead of only a small portion, they could not have failed to see this point. Now referring to the formula of 1-methylcycZohexylidene-4-acetic acid (I)[as previously, continuous lines represent bonds in the plane of the paper; broken lines bonds in a plane perpendicular to the first, and passing through carbon atoms (l),(4)’ and (7)]: in his previous paper the aut,hor clearly pointed out that, in his opinion, carbon atom (l),whilst having two of its valencies attached to the hydrogen atom (a) and the methyl group (b) respectively, has the remaining two valencies (those forming part uf the ring) attached to different systems, and hence, being attached to four quite dissimilar groups, is asymmetric.This, it will be seen, very much resembles the manner in which Perkin and Pope (with Wallach) pointed out that carbon atom (1) in inositol was an asymmetric carbon atom (Zoc. cit.). 288 Now that Perkin and Pope [remark (b)] admit that the con-figuration of the 1-methylcyclohexylidene-4-ac3tic acid molecule,-taken respectively in the direction of 6+ and in the direction of relative to carbon atom (l),is not identical, it remains only to be shown that the difference is such that the carbon atom (1) is in the ordinary sense asymmetric.Now to do so it is but necessary to compare the case of Marck-wald and Meth’s l-methyl-A3-cycZohexone-4-aceticacid (11), regard- ing which Perkin and Pope (Zoc. cit.) say: “As the carbon atom numbered (1) in the latter constitutional formula is obvlously attached to four constitutionally dissimilar groups, it is asymmetric in the ordinary sense; ” Now, in making comparisons, the rings only need be considered, for, taking carbon atom (1) in formulae I and 11, it is seen that in each case the two valencies which are outside the ring have attached to them a methyl group and a hydrogen atom.In formula I11 the methyl group is replaced by carboxyl. Hence, if the difference shown between the two systems attached to carbon atom (1) and formed by the ring is in the case of 1-methylcycZohexyliderme-4-aceticacid similar to that shown in the case of l-methyl-A3-cycZohexene-4-aceticacid, then Perkin and Pope must surely admit that, on their own reasoning, the molecule of 1-methglcycZohexylidenec4-aceticacid contains an asymmetric carbon atom, the carbon atom (1). Now, treating the groupings as previously-and for that matter very much aa done by Perkin, Pope, and Wallach for inositol-we get, on swinging open the ring of each molecule right and left, from I, IV; from 11,V; and further, from 111,VI: CO,HH-C-CO,H I .,I. CH,.,, ,CH,-CH~--~-CH,-CH,-’:C H.” (~)\cH,-cH,-c-cH,-cH,-!i I II HO,C-C-H y*z 289 Now it is quite clear that in none of these cases, as they stand, are the two chain systems formed from the ring enantiomorphously related.In no way while remaining attached to the carbon atom (1) can they appear in the relation of object and mirror image; whilst, if they be detached from the carbon atom, they are identical. This is true of each of the three cases shown in IV,V, and VI respectively. Hence it is seen that in reality, in each case, we are dealing with one system, but that that system is so constructed that €he con-figuration relative to one end of the chain is different from that relative to the other end. The author therefore points out that, in his opinion, the differences thus shown in the systems attached to carbon atoms (1) in formulz IV and VI must be considered to make those carbon atoms [(l)and (l)]asymmetric, if it is allowed that the differences shown by the two similar systems in formula V make carbon atom (1) of that formula asymmetric.In support of this it may be pointed out that the compounds represented by u and at and by p and p’ would be expected to differ, a from ur and /3 from p’, just as surely y would be expected to differ from y’. (Rnot=H.) H-E-CO,H #-OH a. R-CH,-CH,-C-CH,-CH, p. R-CH2-CH2-C-CH,-CH, II0,C-g-H HO-;T a‘. R-CH,-CH,-C-CH,-CH, p’. R-CH,-CH,-C-CH,-CH, 702H7% y. R-CH,-CH--C-C H,-CH, 70233 p2 y’. R-CH,-CH,-C=CH-CH3 Thus it is seen that the original conclusion of Perkin, Pope, and Wallach (Zoc.cit.) that in 1-methylcyclohexylidene-4-aceticacid they have realised “the first case of an optically active substance which possesses an enantiomorphous molecular configuration, although its constitutional formula contains no asymmetric atom,” cannot be upheld, the methods used by them in removing Marck- wald and Meth’s .wid and inositol from the field having been suffi-cient, when carefully applied, to trace the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom, both in the compound that they describe and also in that described by Mills and Bain. These compounds, therefore, are not centrompmetric. Finally, it is necessary in this connexion to consider a statement made by Perkin and Pope in their recent paper (Zoc.cit.) regarding the 4-dibrom~l-methylcycZohexyl4-acertic acids; it rd: ‘‘For purposes of chificatim, therefore, it is convenient, to regard the dibromides as exhibiting two elements of asymmetry, namely, a centroasymmetry exhibited by the right-hand part of the configurations of Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and an asymmetry of t’he carbon atom (7), as is shown in Figs. 2 and 3.” There are many reasons why the classification suggested in this quotation should not be adopted, amongst them being the following : There is no centroasymmetry exhibited by the right-hand part of the configuration of Fig. 1, for if everything right of carbon atom (1) be included, the configuration is symmetric about the plane of the ring.That the asymmetry of the whole of the con- figuration is traceable to the asymmetry of carbon atom (1) has been discussed above. In Figs. 2 and 3 likewise, neit,her the right-hand nor the whole of the configurations show any asymmetry that is not traceable to carbon atom (7), and which is not destroyed when the asymmetry of that atom [carbon atom (7)] is destroyed. Neither is it now possible to defend the system on the ground that it is but the counterpazt of that by which many 1xvorotator.y compounds are designated dextro, by reason of their having been derived from a dextro-parent substance-and vice versa-for the parent substance (I-methylcyclohexylidene-4-aceticacid) cannot now be looked upon as being ‘‘ centroasymmetric.” As mentioned above, in all these dibromo-compounds described by Perkin and Pope, and illustrated by them in Figs.2 and 6 (loc. cit.), the asymmetry of the molecule is traceable to the carbon atom (7) and disappears with it. In reality these bromo-derivatives are merely cases of cis-and trans-isomerism of cyclic oompounds through the first instance of the isolation of the different optical isomerides derived therefrom. Thus, cis-terpin (VII) and tram-terpin (VIII) are quite similar instances of this, and, moreover, although neither of these can be said to be centroasymmetric, yet by replacement of one of the /“H3methyl groupsin the system C-CH, by another group (not OH),\OH then there are possible exactly similar isomerides as those discussed abovd- and &cis and d-and 2-trans-yet here, also, the asymmetry is entirely traceable to the asymmetric carbon atom thus produced.CH3 CH3 OH I CH, OH\I/CH3\I/ G.,,<cH,-cH ,,OH c.,-. CH,-CH2>C(R,” CR2-CH:>c( OR, He‘.,~C<C1H2-G€I2 (VII.) (VIII.) 291 307. “Nitrites of the alkylammonium series. Part 11. Propyl-ammonium nitrite and butylammonium nitrite and their decomposition by heat.” By Prafulla Chandra Rhy and Jitendra Nath Rakshit. Propylammonium nitrite decomposes when heated mainly into nitrogen, isopropyl alcohol, and water ;small quantities of nitroso-dipropylamine and in some cases nitric oxide and propylamine were also detected. Butylammonium nitrite when heated decomposes into nitrogen and isobutyl alcohol.ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Clowes, Frank, and Coleman, Joseph Bernard. Quantitative chemical analysis. 9th edition. pp. xxiv +565. ill. London 1911. (Recd. 11/11/11.} From the Publisherd: Messrs. J. & A. Churchill. Friend, John Albert Newton. Elementary domestic chemistry. pp. x+ 180. ill. London 1911. (Recd. 17/10/11.) From the Author. Indian Guild of Science and Technology. Year Book 1921. pp-135. ill. Letchworth 1911. (Recd. 11/11/11.) From the General Secretary Local Government Board. Reports of Inspector of Foods. Nos. 1 to 16. London 1906-1911. (Reference.) From the Inspector of Foods. Senter, George. Text-book of inorganic chemistry. pp. x +583. ill. London 191 1. (Recd. 4/11/11.) From the Author. IT.By Purchase. Glikin, W. Kalorimetrieche Methodik. Ein Leitfaden zur Bestim-mung der Verbreunungswiirme organischer K orper, einschliesslich Nahrungsstoffe und Stoff wechselprodukte und zur Messung der tierischen Warmeproduktion. pp. vii + 208. ill. Berlin 1911. (Recd. 9/11/11.) Worden, Edward Chauncsy. Nitrocellulose industry. A compendium of the history, chemistry, manufacture, commercial application and analysis of nitrates, acetates and xanthates of cellulose. . . . With a chapter on guncotton, smokeless powder and explosive cellulose nitrates. 2 vols. pp. xxxiv+566, xxviii+567 to 1239. London 1911. (Recd. 14/11/11.) 292 RESEARCH FUND. A meeting of the Research Fund Committee will be held in December next.Applications for grants, to be made on forms which can be obtained from the Assistant Secretary, must be received on, or before, Monday, December 4th, 1911. All persons who received grants in December, 1910, or in December of any previous year, whose accounts have not been declared closed by the Councii, are reminded that reports must be in the hands of the Ron. Secretaries not later than Friday, December 1st. The Council wish to draw attention to the fact that the income arising from the donation of the Worshipful Company of Gold-smiths is to be more or less especially devoted to the encourage- ment of research in inorganic and metallurgical chemistry. Furthermore, that the income due to the Burn accruing from the Perkin Memorial Fund is to be applied to investigations relating to problems connected with the coal-tar and allied industries. VA”T HOFF MEMORIAL.Subscriptions to this fund (see this vol., p. 272) will be received by the Treasurer of the Society (Dr. Alexander Scott). At the next Ofdiriary Scientific Meeting on Thursday, December 7th, 1911, at 8.30 pm., there wili be a ballot for the election of Fellows, and the foilowing papers will be communicated : ‘I Chemical examination of the root of Ipomosa o~iz(~hmsis.”ByF. B. Power and H. Rogerson. “ The mnstitution of ergothioneine, a betaine related to histi-dine.’’ By G. Barger and A. J. Ewins. “The methane equilibrium.” By 5. N. Pring and D. M. Pairlie. “The absorption of the halogens by dry slaked lime.” By W.A. R. Wilks. “The decomposition of nitric acid by light.” By W. C. Reynolds and W. H. Taylor. “Note on the presence of iodic acid in commercial pure nitric acid.” By W. C. Reynolds and W. El. Taylor. 293 CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. 46N.B.-The names of those who sign from General Knowledge” are printed in italics. following Candidates have been proposed for election. A ballot will be held on December 7th, 1911. Bescoby, Arthur Cecil, Guestling, Hastings. Science Master and Public Analyst. Cztmb. Nat. Sci. Tripos, 1908, 1st Class ;Scholar and Prizeman, Emmanuel College : Inter-Collegiate Exam. 1907, 1st Class; Sci. Master, Hastings Grammar School, 1908-1 9 11. Senior Sci. Master, Elizabeth College, Guernsey ; States Analyst and Lecturer in Agricultural Chemistry to States of Guernsey; Author of ‘‘Elementary Course of Practical Chemistry,” etc.F. Gowland Hopkins. J. L1. Davies. S. Allinson Woodhead. W. R. R. Starling. F. H. Neville. Bull, Bertram Alfred, Government Iloacl, Nairobi, British East Africa. Pharmaceutical Chemist. Silver Medallist, Chemistry, London College of Pharmacy, 1906 ; Minor and Major Examinations, Yharmaceutical Society ; Pereira Medallist, Pharmaceutical Society, 1907. F. G. P. Kernfry. H. A. D. Jowett. H. C. Sayer. W. C. Reynolds. Frederic H. Lees. Bull, Joseph Beauchamp, Bulawayo. Chemist and Assayer. Three years’ course in Assaying and Chemistry at the Government School of Mines, Sale, Victoria, Australia.Four years in Chemists and Assayers Department Simmer and Jack Mine, Johannesburg. Ten years’ practice with Mr. G. A. Pingstone, F.C.S., Member of Society of Public Analysts, Member of Royal Sanitary Institute. Harold B. Dixon. Charles Estcourt. Geo. A. Pingstone. James C. T. Pollitt. C. G. IWOOV. 294 Charlton, Edwin Johnson,M.Sc., Morannedd, Beaumaris, North Wales. Science and Second Master, The Grammar School, Beaumaris, North Wales. Teacher of Chemistry at the above Institution, M.Sc. (Chemistry) Rlanchester University. Desires to keep in touch with modern progress in the subject. Harold B. Dixon. Norman Smith. W. H. Perkin. E. C. Edgar. Ch. Weizmann. Arthur Lapworth. Dutt, Prof. Barun Chandra, M.A.,‘‘ Rambagan Cottage,” Rambagan, Calcutta, Professor, Scottish Churches College, Calcutta, Passed M.A Exam.in Chemistry (Calcutta University) in 1893. Formerly Professor of Chemistry in the Calcutta Central College and Metro- politan Institution. At present Professor of Chemistry in the Scottish Churches College, Calcutta. Punc hanan Neogi. P. C. RQ. Jyoti Bhushan Bhaduri. Bidhu Bh~ushanButta. John Watt. Garner, John Henry, Sewage Works, Deighton, Huddersfield. Chemist in Charge, Sewage Disposal Works, Huddersfield. B.Sc., London, 3rd Class Honours in Chemistry, 1906. From March, 1907, to November, 1911, Chemical Assistant on the laboratory staff of the West Riding Rivers BDard, Wakefield. Arthur Smithells. H. M. Dawson.J. B. Cohen. H. T. Calvert. W. E. Speight. Gauge, Arthur Josiah Hoffmeister, 2, Ashford Avenue, Hornsey, London, N. Analyst, Government Laboratory, London, W.C. Student at Royal College of Science, S. Kensington, 1902-4; now at the Government Laboratory, Clement’s Inn Passage, W.C. ;author. See Transactions, Chemical Society, 1910, p. 377; 1911, pp. 683, 1075, 1615. James J. Dobbie. Geo. Stubbs. E. Grant Hooper. J.J.Fox. P. J. Sageman. Gaunt, Rufus, 70, A bingdon Villas, Kensington, W. Senior Assistant, Scientific Department, Imperial Institute. M.Sc., 295 Leeds ;Ph.D.,Berlin. Formerly Lecturer in Agricultural Chemistry, University College of North Wales. Arthur Smit hells. Thomas A. Henry. J. B. Cohen. Ernest Goulding.Sam, S. Pickles. Hall, Sydney, Birley House, Station Road, March, Cambs. Senior Science Master and Lecturer in Chemistry at the Grammar School, March, Bachelor of Science of the Mancheuter University, taking Chemistry in the Final Exam. (1906). Twelve years’ experience as a student and lecturer in Chemistry. Five years’ experience as lecturer in Chemistry and Director of Chemical Laboratories. Harold B. Dixon. Norman Smith. W. H. Perkin. E. C. Edgar. Ch. Weizmann. Arthur Lapworth. Hodgson,Cyril Vincent, 80, Apedale Road, Chesterton, Staffs. Analyt’ical Chemist for Midland Coal, Coke, and Iron Co., Ltd. Certificates in Adv. Iron and Steel lkfanufacture and Chemistry Educated at the3Middlesbrough High School. Five years’ experience in Iron and Steel Works Laboratory, and Coke Works at Middlesbro’, under Mr.C. H. Ridsdale; and for past two years Head Chemist for Midland Coal, Coke, and Iron Co., Staffs. C. H. Ridsdale. W. M. Hooton. J. E. Stead. Ernest W. Jackson. R. B. Wight. A. C. Wilrton. Hodsman, Henry James, 2, Richmond Hill, Langley, nr. Birmingham. Technical Chemist (British Cyanides Co., lid., Oldbury). M.Sc. Leeds. 1851 Exhibition Science Scholar. Two years with Prof. F. Haber, Technische Hochschule, Karlsruhe ; one year with Prof. H. Le Chatelier, La Sorbonne, Paris. Publications (with J. B. Cohen),‘‘ Influence of Substitution in the Nucleus on the Rate of Oxidation in the Side-chain” (T~ans.,1907, vol. 91, p. 970) ; (with F. Haber),‘‘ Die Zusammensetzung der Gase in sehr heissen Flammen ” (Zeit.Phys. Chem., 1909, vol. 67, 3, p. 343). Arthur Smithells. Harry M. Dawson. Julius B. Colien. J. E. Coates. Edmund C. Rossiter. 296 Hogg,Alexander Frederick, 81, Claremont Road, Forest Gate, E. Principal of the West Ham Municipal Technical Institute. M.A.Cantab. (Natural Sciences Tripos) ; late Head of Chemical Department and Director of Rtudies at the Technical College, Darlington. Raphael Meldola. F. IT.Neville. George Dean. J. Wertheimer. F. Henry Streatfeild. Khosla, Sant Ram, Near City Kotwali, Lahore (India). Student. Has been a Student in the Chemical Department of the Manchester School of Technology, htanchester, for four years. Recently obtained the Final Certificate in Chemical Technology OF the Victoria University, Manchester. Had previously passed the Inter.Arts Exam. of the Punjab University, and other Exams. Edmund Knecht. Stanley J. Peachey. James Grant. F. S. Sinnatt. Fred. G. Richards. King, Harold, M.Sc., 161, Altmore Avenue, East Ham, E. Chemist with the Gas Light and Coke Co., Beckton, and holder of an Industrial Bursary ( 1851 Royal Commissioners). Joint-author of (I) “Purification of Acetic Acid,” Trans., 1911, 1178; (11) “ A Method of Chlorination, Chlorination of Anilines and Phenols,” Trans., 1911, 1185; (111) The Relation of the Velocity of Chlorination of Aromatic Compounds to Constitution. Part I. Chlorination of Anilides,” Frans., 1911, 1369 ; (IV) ‘‘ The Chlorina- tion of Acylanilides.Effect of the Constitution of the Acyl Group on the Proportion of the Ortho and Para Derivatives,” Trana.,1911, 1377. Kennedy J. P. Orton. H. 0.Jones. Walter W. Reed. J. E. Coates. W. J. Wilson. Martin, Geoffrey, 4, Bertram Road, Hendon, London, N.W. Science Teacher and Industrial Chemist. B.Sc. (Lond.), M.Sc. (Bris-tol) ;Ph.D. (Rostock) ;Recognised Teacher of London University ; Lecturer on Chemistry at the Birkbeck College, London ; formerly Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry at the University College, Nottingham. Author of following books : (1) ‘L Researches on the Affinities of the Elements ” ; (2) ‘‘ Practical Chemistry for Mlztricula-tion and Army Candidates ” ; (3) 4‘ Triumphs and Wonders of Modern Chemistry.” Joint-author witah Prof.Kipping, F.R.S., of two papers in 297 Trans. Chem. Soc., namely, (1) ‘‘Action of Fuming Sulphuric Acid on Triphenylsilicol, [95,(1909)] ” ;(2) ‘‘ Benzyl and Ethyl Derivatives of Silicol Tetrachloride (1909) ” ; Author of about fifty papers in Jownal of Physical Chemistry, Chemical ~Vews,Knowledge, Ncctzcrs, Science, Gossip, etc., etc. F. Stanley Kipping. Frederick Challenger. R. M. Caven. Alex. McKenzie. Henry J. S. Ssud. G. W. Clough. Robert Robison. Mills, Robert, Plantation Uitolugt, W.C. Demerara, British Guiana. Analytical Chemist. Two years Pharmaceutical work ;six years Public Analysts’ Laboratory, Greenock ; five years Sugar Refinery work Greenock and Bristol, and nine and a half years Sugar Factory work India and Demerara.John Wm. Biggart. Jno. Williams. Angus Smith. William Douglas, J. B. Harrison. A Zleyne Leeclmann. John Young. Nath, B.ViLswa, Viaianagaram City. Chemist to the Rajah of Tuni, Tuni, Madras Presidency, India. Founder, Proprietor, and Manufacturing Chemist, Industrial Laboratory, Vizianagram ; Assistant Chemist, Bobbili Mining Company; Chemist to the Rajah of Tuni, and is prepared to edit a Scientific Journal shortly. P. c. my. M. Goolab Roy. Lakshami Chand. A. K. Sen. James W.Anderson. Parkes, Thomas Peers, 22, Dalrymple Road, Brockley, S.E. Manager of Chemistry Department, J. J. Griffin & Sons, Ltd., Kingsway, W.C. B.Sc. (London). Studied Chemistry at Goldsmiths’ College, New Cross, S.E.Arthur Lapworth. James D. Kettle. C. Edwd. Sage. John Ward Stainer. Prank E. Weston. Peacock, David Henry, 40, Huddart St., Bow, London, E. Research Student, Trinity College. First Class Nat. Sci. Tripos, 1910, (Pt. I), and 1911 (Pt. 11, Chemistry). 2nd Class Honours, 298 B.Sc., London, 1910 (External). Senior Scholar, Trinity College. Research Student in the University Laboratory. William J. Pope. H. J. H. Fenton. W. J. Sell. Charles. T. Heycock. H. 0. Jones. F. E. E. Lamplough. Rao,B. Venkata, Bangalore, Mysore, India. Assistant Chemist, Government of Mysore. Graduate in Chemistry of the Madras University (1893). Assistant Chemist, Mysore Government, doing AnalyLical Work for the Geological and Agricultural Departments since 1895.From October, 1909, in Germany on Deputation to Study Agricultural Chemistry. Harold Moore. Frederick C ha1 lenger. 0. Wallach. W.N.Hawolrth, J. F. McGregory. A. Jamieson Walker. Raymond, Percy James, 20, Arboret um Road, Worcester. Analytical Chemist. Food, Drug and General Analyst. Seven years Ashistant to Mr. R. H. Harland, F.I.C., Public Analyst, 37, Lombard Street, London. Then: Assistant to Rlessrs. Harland and Brown (successors to Mr. R. H. Harland), Consulting Chemists and Public Analysts. Then and now: Assistant to Mr. C. C. Duncan, F.I.C., Shirehall, Worcester, County and City Analyst for Worcestershire. Cecil Duncan. H. J. Aubrey. R. A. Warren. J.Stewart Rimington. Claude Smith. Reilly, Joseph, 25, S.Circular Road, Portobello, Dublin. B.A. (Sons.) Nation21 Univ. Irdaad. Associate OE Royal College of Science, Ireland (in Applied Chemistry). Holder of Scholarship (4th year) in Royal Coll. of Science. Associate of Royal Coll. of Science, Ireland (in Applied Chemistry). Honours Graduate National Univ. of Ireland (in Chemistry and Physics). Assistant Teacher at Depts. of Agriculture and Tech. Inst. (Ireland), Summer Course, 1911, (4th year Chemistry) for Secondary Teachers. Holder of Research Scholarship (in Chemistry), in R.C. Sc., Dublin, Session 191 1-1 2. A. O'Farrelly. W. N. Hartley. James H. Pollok. George A. Watson. P. Bertram Foy. Ridsdale, Noel Douglas, Ravenscroft, Roman Rd., Middlesbrough. Analytical and Metallurgical Chemist.Several years since as 299 Student, passed Senior, Cambridge ; also gained certificates in Advanced Iron and Steel Manufacture and Chemistry. Seven years’ experience in the North-Eastern Steel Co.’s Iron, Steel, and Coke Oven Laboratories, during which went through special course of Chemical and Metallurgical training under Mr. C. H. Ridsdale, F.I.C., F.C.S., etc. Special Research in connexion with analytical methods-designing new ones. Joint author of Paper before Iron and Steel Inst., on ‘‘ Mechanicalising Analysis ,” W. Gowland. J. E. Stead. H. Frankland. W. H. Merrett. Ernest CV. Jackson. Harold E. Wright. E. H. Xaniter. Saville,William Bristow, 117, Vassal1 Road, Brixton, S.W. Analytical Chemist ; 44 years pupil to Mr.F. W. Richardson, F.I.C., etc., Analyst to the West Riding of Yorkshire. Assistant to Messrs. Harland and Brown, Analytical Chemists, Lombard Street, E.C., since May, 1910. R. M. Harland. Wm. Keighley Walton. F. W. Richardson. A. B. Knaggs. A. JaffB. Sad. P. Stell. J. W. Pallister. Scopes,Lionel Gowing-, 3, Estcourt Street, Devizes, Wilts. Analytical Chemist. Trained City and Guilds Tech. College, Finsbury. Author of “The Estimation of Tartaric Acid in tha Presence of Malic and Succiaic Acids,” Analyst, August 1908 ; ‘‘The Uses of Trichlorethylene in Analytical Chemistry,” AnaZyst, June 1910. Analyst to Wilts United Dairies, Devizes, Wilts, Late Assistant Research Lab, Mond Nickel Works, Swansea. H. Droop Richmond.F. W. Harbord. A. Chaston Chapman. F. Henry Streatfeild: R. Meldola. Smith, Bernard Charlie, 62, Filey Avenue, Upper Clapton, N.E. Analytical Chemist. Apprentice for three years under Public Analyst. Chief Chemist at Welsbach Incandescent Mantle Co. Roland J. May. Percy Edgerton. W. M. Seaber. Edwin M. Eagles. Thomas 2% Pope. 300 Smith, John Henry, 10, Radoor St,, Smindon, Wilts. Analytical Chemist, G.W.R. Laboratory. The qualification is a large and varied experience in analytical work. The reason is that having secured appointment as Analytical Chemist to the Central Argentine Railway, I am very desirous of keeping in touch with advance in chemical science. W. R. Bird. Thomas Hartley. T. C. Davison. J. El.B. Jenkins. L. Archbutt. Stokes, George Alfred, 60, Parkhill Road, Hampstead, N. W. Assistant to A. W. Stokes, F.I.C., F.C.S., Public Analyst. Student of City and Guilds Tech. College, Finsbury for four years, and obtained certificate, Student at Sir John Cass Teeh. Institute. Student of Institute of Chemistry. Alf. W. Stokes. H. Burrows. R. Meldola. R. Bodmer. Charles A. Keane. Andre Bracher. Vakil, Kapibram H. 5, Santa Cruz, Bombay. Chemist. Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry and Physics (Bombay University). Honours in Oils and Fats, City and Guilds of London. Bachelor of Technical Science (Victoria University). Edmund Knecht. F. G. Richards. Jas. Grant. S. J. Peachey. F. S. Sinnatt. Vanstone, Ernest, Gwynfe House, Mount Pleasant, Neath, Glam.Research Student. B.Sc. (Wales) with 1st Class Honours in Chemistry ; 1851 Exhibition Research Scholar. Formerly ‘‘ Isaac Roberts ” Research Scholar, and Glamorgan Free Student, University College, Cardiff. Author of (1) *‘The Miscibility of Solids,” J.C.S., 1909 ; (2) ‘‘ The Vapour Pressures of Solids and Solid Solutions,” J.C.X.,1910 ; (3) ‘(A Physico-chemical Study of Mercury-Sodium Alloys,” Trans., Paraday Society, 1911. William Ramsay. T. P. Hilditch. R. Whytlaw-Gray. W. C. McC. Lewis. N. T. M. Wilsmore. Vipond, Harry Jame~, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria, South Africa. Assistant Chemist, Agriculture Department, Union of South 301 Africa. B.A. and Diploma in Agriculture, University of Cambridge, six months as assistant in the laboratory of Dr.Bernard Dyer, in London, six months at the Rothamsted Experiment Station, two years in present position. T. B. Wood. A. Hutchinson. Bernard Dyer. H. 0. Jones. H. J. H. Fenton. Wishart, George, Royal School, Armagh. Science Master. Late Science Scholar of Jesus College, Oxford, B.A. (Hons. in Final Chemistry Schools). Harold Hartley. D. L. Chapman. N. V. Sidgwick. H. B.Baker. A. F. Walden. Wright,Ernest Walter, Connaught Club, Seymour Street, London, W. Analytical Chemist. Chief Assistant to A. W. Stokes, Esq., F.T.C., Public Analyst. Student at the ‘‘Sir John Cass Technical Institute.” Alf. W. Stokes. Charles A. Keane. Cecil Revis. H. Burrows. Andre Eracher. The following Certificates have been authorised by the Council for presentation to Ballot under Bye-law I (3) : Gardfhausen, Charles Christian, Pretoria.Assistant Curator, Geological Survey, Transvaal. Assayer and Chemical Assistant to the Geological Survey, Transvaal, 1903 to date. Student under Mi-. Castell Evans at the City and Guilds Institute, Einsbury, 1888-1889. Assayer to : the Jubilee G.M. Co., Van Ryn Estates G.M. Co., and George Goch G.M. Co., from 1889 to 1809. A. Hutchinson. J. A. Wilkinsort. Hill, James Hogan, c/o Opium Agent, Ghazipur, U.P., India. Opium Department. Student of the Royal College of Science, London, during the Session 1904-1 905. Passed examinations in Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, and made a special study of the chemical analysis of opium under Professor Tilden.E. It. Watson. G. T. Morgan. William Tate. G. O’B. Power. 302 Nil%-Martin, Gmton, South Coast Junction, Natal. Chief Chemist to the South African Sugar Refineries, Ltd. Analytical Chemist on various sugar estates, chemical manure factories, assay laboratories, refineries, etc. T. H. P. Heriot. James A. H. Armstrong. Richardson, John Ffraid, Government Quinine Factory, Mmgpu, P.O., Sonada, Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, India. Assistant Quinologist to the Government of Bengal. Member of the Pharmaceutical Society. At present engaged in the manufacture of cinchona alkaloids, analysis of cinchona bark and its alkaloids, and research work on the same. G. E. Shaw. Vassiliev, Alexey Mlkhailovich, Russia, Easan, Chemical Laboratory of University.Privat-docent at the University of Kasan ;Assistant in the Chemical Laboratory of the Veterinary Institute ;Secretary of the Technical Department of the Imperial Economical Society of Kasan. Member of Russian Physico-Chemical Society ; of the Society of Naturalists of the University of Kasan; and of the Imperial Economical Society of Kasan. Author of 8 papers printed in the Jwmat of the Russian Physico-C'hernical Xociety, and of 10 papers printed in the Scimti$c Memoirs of the University of Kasan. F. M. Flavitzky. D. K. Dobrosserdov. A. J. Bogorodsky. Horace T. Brown. RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, BREAD ST. HILL, F-C., Ah'D HlJSOAY, SUFFOLK.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9112700271
出版商:RSC
年代:1911
数据来源: RSC
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