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Zmued 29/1/03 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Vol. 19. No.259. Wednesday, January 21st, 1903. Professor J. EMERSONREYNOLDS, Sc.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Mr. W. H. Edwards mas formally admitted a Fellow of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : George Henry Appleyard, 151, Cleveland Street, Hull. Samuel Bradbury, Thornham New Road, Castleton. George Thomas Branch, Claremont, Cape Town, S. Africa. Hubert William By waters, 11, King Street, Regent Street, W. William Henry Cadman, Lord Williams’s Grammar School, Thame, John Castell-Evans, 141, Ferme Park Road, Crouch End, N. Arthur John Codling, 5, Tavistock Square, W.C. Benjamin Claxton Coyle, 65, Lansdowne Road, Dublin. Cecil Henry Desch, Instow, Mount Pleasant Road, Tottenham, N.2 Leonard King Hindmarsh, 354, Lordship Lane, S.E. Franklin Wise Howorth, Rose Bank, Elindale Road, Palmers Green, N. Arthur Graham Leigh, Chorcliff House, Chorley. Percy George Mander, Spon House, Spon End, Coventry. Frederick O’Rrien, 15, Lilymead Avenue, Knowle, Bristol. Alec Bowring Steven, Ness House, Surbiton. George Malcolm Thomson, Newington, Dunedin, N.Z. Stanley Tolson, 14,Furnivall Road, Balby, Doncaster. Francis Digby Tope, Santubong, Sarawak. Thomas Crosbie Walsh, ‘‘ Sunnyside,” Muswell Avenue, Muswell Hill, N. David John Williams, I, St. Agnes Place, Kennington Park, S.E. The Secretary announced that a communication had been received from Profs. Bornstein and Meyerhoffer stating that they were engaged in revising the Phy&ka&&hmaischs Fabellen of Landolt and Barnstein, and would welcome from English chemists any suggestions of alterations or corrections for the new edition, addressed to them, 4‘ care of Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin, N.” The Council has ordered the following report to be printed in the Journal and in the Proceedings of the Society : Report of the International Committee on Atomic Weights.IN the year 1900, an International Committee on atomic weights was organised, composed of more than fifty representatives from chemioal and other societies. Its conferences were necessarily conducted by correspondence, and the delays and difficulties of the work proved to be both serious and annoying.Accordingly, the Committee, by vote, designated a smaller body of three representatives, and the latter now has the honour to report its recommendations. On the fundamental question of standards, definite and formal action seems to be impracticable. By the original committee of the German Chemical Society, the oxygen standard was adopted, but that proposal, whilst receiving strong support, also met with serious opposition. In fact, opinion as expressed by individual voices seems to be somewhat evenly divided upon this question, and around it there has already grown up a controversial literature of formidable proportions. To force the adoption of either standard, oxygen, or hydrogen, appears therefore to be impossible, and for some time to come both are likely to be employed.Between them, experience 3 must be the final arbiter. That standard which best serves to co-ordinate chemical and physical knowledgc mill ultimately be chosen, and the other mill gi*:tdually fall into disuse. Meanwhile, it is important that the most probable values for the several atomic weights should be indicated, and that every table of them should be consistent within itself, Such a table has been prepared by our distinguished predecessors and its revision, as knowledge advances, seems to be our proper function. In order that our work may be of the most general service, we have prepared a table in which both standards of atomic weight are represented. In most of its details it is identical with the table which was reported by the previous committee at the beginning of the year 1902.s Some changes, however, have, in our judgment, become necessary, and these may be briefly indicated as follows : Antimony.-In the former reports of the committee, the value derived by Cooke from analyses of the bromide, Sb = 120, was adopted.This, however, ignores the work of Cooke and of Schneider upon antimony trisulphide, and the still more recent determinations made by Friend and Smith. The true number being therefore in doubt,, we recommend the use of an average value, and put Sb =120.2.T Germanium.-The number 72.5 is more nearly in accord with Winkler’s determinations than the former number 72. Hydrogen.-In the column which represents the oxygen standard, hydrogen has heretofore been assigned the value 1.01.The number 1.008 is, however, much more exact, and the error in 1-01 is too large to be perpetuated. Each figure should be given to the nearest significant decimal. Laratliccnuni.-During 1902, two new determinations of the atomic weight of lanthanum were published. According to Jones, La= 138-77. Brauner and PavlIEek found La = 139.04. Both investiga- tions were conducted with great skill and care, and each one seems to have some points of advantage over the other. The average, La=138*9, appears to be the safest value to adopt. These data naturally influence our judgment in the case of cerium, and we retain Brauner’s number, Ce = 140, rather than adopt the lower estimates made by other observers.Mercury.-Taking into account all the determinations which have appeared, and giving great weight to the most recent measurements by Hardin, we regard the value Hg=200 as best warranted by the existing evidence. ’-I11 Nr. 1 of the Bcrickte for 1902. t. 0=16. 4 PccZZadium.--Tbe atomic weight of this metal is in doubt. The beet determinations give values ranging from 106 to 107. The mean between them, Pd =106.5, has been provisionally adopted. Radium-This element appears in the table for the first time. Madame Curie's determination of the atomic weight, Ra-225, is probably not far from the truth. 8eZenium.-Judging from the work of TJenher, and the very recent determinations by Jul.Ifeyer, the former value, Se = 79.1, is probably too lorn. In order to give due weight t,o the newer measurements, we write Se =79.2. Tim-The determinations by Bongartz and Classen, which seem to be the best, make Sn = 119. The former value, 118.5, is almost certainly too low. Uranium-According to the very recent investigation by Richards and Merigold, the atomic weight of uranium is 238.5. Zirconium-The figure Zr =90.6 is apparently the most probable. In thus assuming the duties assigned to us by the larger Inter- national Committee, we act upon the conviction that the purpose of our appoint'ment is to secure the promptness and efficiency which is only possible with a comparatively small working body. In order to carry out this purpose, we must depend upcn the co-operation and assistance of our colleagues.We therefore beg that they, and also all other chemists who are interested in researches upon atomic weights, will aid us with their criticisms and advice. We especially ask that publications upon the subject shall be sent to us, in triplicate if possible, so that no matter of importance may be overlooked. With-out support of this kind our work cannot be made fully effective. The complete table of atomic weights, with foregoing changes incorporated, follows. F. W. CLARKE KARLSEUBERT 1903. Iiztewzcttionat Atomic Weights. 0=16. H=l. 0=16. H=1. Aluminium ......... A1 27.1 26.9 Molybdenuiii ...... If o 96 -0 9;-3 Antimony .........Sh 120.2 119.3 Neodyniiuni ......Nd 143.6 1425 Argon .............. A 39-9 39% Neon ...............Ne 20 19.9 Arsenic ............As 75.0 74.4 Nickel ............... Ni 58.7 55.3 Barium ............ 13iI 137.4 136'4 Nitrogen ...........N '14.04 13.93 Bismuth ............ Bi 208'5 206.9 Osmium ............0s 191 189.6 Boron ..............n 11 10.9 Oxygen ........... 0 18-00 15.88 Bromine ............Rr 79.96 79.36 Pal I atliurn ........ Pd 106-5 105.7 Cadmium ......... Cil 112'4 111'6 Phosphorns ......... P 31.0 30.77 Cesium ............Cs 133 132 Platinum ......... Pt 194.8 1933 Calcinm ............ Ca 40.1 39.8 Potassium ....... I< 39.15 35-86 Carbon ............ C 12'00 11'91 Prnseoclyiiiinni ...Pr 140.5 139.4 Cerium ............ Ce 140 7 39 Rsdinni ............1Za 225 223'3 Chlorine ............C1 35-45 35.18 Rhodium ......... Rh 103'0 102'2 Chromium ........ Cr 52.1 51*7 Rubidiuin ......... Hh 85'4 84.8 Cobalt ...............Co 59.0 58.56 Ruthenium .........Ru 101-7 100.9 Colunibinni (Niob- Saniarinm ........ Sin 150 148.9 ium) ........... Cb 94 93.3 Scaiidiuiii ........ Se 44.1 43'5 Coppcr ............ Cn 63'6 63.1 Selenium ............Se 79.2 78% Erbium ............E 166 164.8 Piticon ............... Xi 28'4 28'2 Fluorine ............ F 19 18'9 Silver ............... Ag 107.93 lOi.12 Gadoiiniaiii ...... Gri 156 155 Sodium ........... Nn 23.05 22.83 Gallium ............ Gn 70 69 5 Strontium ........Sr 87.6 86.94 Germsitinin ..... Ge 72.5 Glucinnm (Reryll- 71.9 Sulphur ............S 32.06 Tantalum ........Tn 183 31-83 151.6 iiun) ............G1 9.1 9.03 Telluriuni ......... Te 127'6 120'6 Gold ...............Ru 197.2 195.7 Terbiurri .......... Tb 160 158.8 Helium ............ He 4 4 Thallium .........TI 204.1 202% Hydrogen .........H 1.008 1'000 Thorium ...........Th 232.5 230.8 Indium ............In 114 113'1 Tliulinm ............ Tm 171 169.7 Iodine ..............I 126.85 125.90 Tin .................. Sn 119.0 118-1 Iridium ............ Ir 193.0 191.5 Titanium ......... Ti 48'1 47'7 Iron ..................Fe 55.9 55-5 Tungsten ......... W 184.0 182.6 Krypton ............Kr 81.8 81'2 Uranium ...........U 238.5 236'7 Lanthanum ...... La. 138 9 137'9 Paaadiuni ......... V 51.2 50'8 Lead ...............Pb 206.9 205.35 Xenon ............... X 125 127 Lithium ............I.i 7.03 6.98 Ytterbium .........Yb 173.0 171.7 Magnesium ......... BIg 24'36 24-15 Yttrium ............ Yt 89.0 8a-3 Manganese ......... Bln 55.0 54.6 Zinc ..................Zn 65'4 64'9 Mercury ............Hg 200.0 198.5 Zirconium ......... Zr 90% 89'9 Of the following papers, those marked * were read : *l. '' Researches on silicon compounds. Part VIII. Interactions of silicophenylamide with thiocarbimides." By J. Emerson Reynolds, The author has shown that the fine, crystalline silicophenylamide, Si(NHC6H5)4, described in part V of this series of papers, loses aniline on careful heating and affords, first, silicotriphenylguanidine and, subsequently, silicodiphenylimide (Tmns., 1900, 77, 836).The comparative ease and completeness with which the change Si( NHYh), =Si(NPh), + 2NH2Ph can be realised suggested allother mode of producing the di-imide, involving the action of thiocarbimides. It was anticipated that silicophenylamide would react in the following manner : Si(MHPh), + 2R'N:CS = Si(NPh),,+ 2CSN,H2PhR'. Whilst the above change can be realised, the author showed that the marked tendency of silicon to form complex molecules lead to other and unexpected interactions with thiocarbimides, and found that : 1.Silicophenylamide in benzene solution is not decomposed by a thiocarbimide, even at the boiling point of the solvent, but addition compounds are formed. For example, ethyl thiocarbirnide in excess gives fine, needle-like crystals consisting of Si(N HPh),, 2EtNCS, and, when not in excess, rhombic platgs of Si(NHPh),,Et,NCS. Both componnds lose the whole of the thiocarbimide at 100' and leave silicophenylamide unchanged. 2. A very different result is obtained when one molecule of silico-phenyhmide and two molecules of a thiocarbiniide, withont a solvent, are heated in sealed tubes at 160". At first, the two compounds unite directly as before, but when the temperature rises to 140" a thick, slightly brown liquid begins to form, the production of which is com- plete on heating to 160" for half an hour.At the ordinary tempera- ture, this substance is a very viscid liquid, and a specimen of the ethyl compound has been kept for several months wit'hout separation of any crystals. Methyl, ethyl and phenyl thiocarbimides afford similar pro- ducts, which have no odour of thiocarbimide, even when strongly heated ; they are easily miscible with benzene, from which they are precipitated on addition of ligroin, and may thus be purified by a repetition of this treatment. Prolonged digestion of the benzene solution of each substance leads to a slow separation of silicodiphenyl-imide, whilst the liquid affords crystals of a disubstituted thiocarb- arnide. Therefore the interaction anticipated actually does take place 7 at a sufficiently high temperature, but the resulting silicon di-imide and thiocarbamide unite to form a homogeneous liquid consisting of Si(NPh),,2CSN2H,PhR’, which is slowly dissociated in boiling benzene.3. Silicophenylarnide also interacts with 4molecules of thiocarbimides at 160°, but not with more than 4 molecules. The products are also viscid liquids at first, but they are not homogeneous, as crystals form to a relatively small extent in the mass on standing for some time, and are those of a, substituted thiocarbamide. The liquid portion consists, in each case, of a new substance resulting from the action of the two additional molecules of thiocarbimide on the silicon di-imide produced in the first interaction.These liquids are miscible wlth benzene, but do not dissociate in it; they are decomposed by alcohol and afford ethyl orthosilicate, alkyl dithiocarbamate, and a guanidine derivative, PhN CS.NR’hence their constitution is probably ph&>Si<cu.&R,. Silicodiphenylimide, produced by heat from silicophenylamide, combines directly with thiocarbiinides to form compounds of this tY Pe. “2. ‘‘ On the relation between the absorption spectra and the chemical structure of corydaline, berberine, and other alkaloids.” By J. J. Dobbie and A.Lauder. It has been proved by purely chemical investigations that coryddine and berberine are closely related to one another and that both alkaloids are constructed on the same general plan as papaverine, narc0tine, hydras tine, and narc ei nem Au examination of the absorption spectra of the members of this groilp of alkaloids shows that those which are most closely related structurally give similar spectra, the differences in the spectra becoming more pronounced as the structural differences increase in importance.Thus corydaline and tetrahydroberberine closely resemble each other in structure, and the spectra of the latter only differ from those of the former in the somewhat greater general absorp- tion which they exhibit. Narcotine only differs from hydrastine in containing an additional methoxyl group, and their spectra are almost identical, but quite distinct from those of corydaline, from which both differ considerably in structure.Papaverine and narceine we con-stitutionally still further removed from corydaline, and their spectra show a correspondingly increased diiference as compared with those of the other members of the group. When papaverine, however, is reduced to tetrahydropapav eriue, its constitution then corresponds 8 much more closely with that of corydaline, and the spectra of the reduced compound are similar to those of corydaline. When the corresponding derivatives of corydaline and tetrahydro- berberine are compared, it is seen that the latter only differ from the former in possessing a slightly greater absorptive power. Since the only structurd difference between the two series of derivatives consists in tlie replacement of two of the methoxyl radicles of corydaline by the dioxymethylene group in berberine, it mas inferred that tlie difference in the amount of general absorption must be due to this difference of structure and bhat the dioxymethylene complex must consequently exert a more powerful absorption than two methoxyl groups.The correctness of this inference received support from the direct com-parison of the spectm of piperonylic acid, C),H3(0,CH,)C02H,with those of veratric acid, C6H,(OMe),*C0,H. Whilst the spectra of w-aminoethylpiperony lcarboxylic anhydride, C.,H7NO(0,CH,), from berberine, and of corydaldine, C,H7NO(ORle),, from corydaline are very similar, they differ widely from those of cotarnine and hydrastinine, the corresponding oxidation products of narcotine and hydrastine respectively.This difference finds a suffi-cient explanation in the fact that the pyridine ring, which is closed in corydaldine and o-aminoet hylpiperonylcarboxylic anhydride, is open in cotarnine and hydrastinine. The action of potassium hydroxide converts hydrastinine into oxyhydrastinine, in which the pyridine ring is closed. The spectra of oxyhydrastiniiie, and corydaldine are almost identical. Hartley (Phil. Frans., 1885, Pt. II., 471) has already shown that many of the alkaloids give highly characteristic spectra and has pointed out the applicability of the method to the study of their constitution. The authors draw certain general conclusions as to the relation between the structure and the absorption spectra of the alkaloids.These conclusions are based chiefly on the results of the examination of the alkaloids of the corydaline group, but are supportel by the results of the examination of other alkaloids. Alkaloids which differ essentially in structure, even when their molecular formuh are the same, give dissimilar spectra, whilst alkaloids which are closely related structurally give similar spectra, and some-times, when the structural resemblance is very close, spectra which are indistinguishable from one another. Stereoisomeric alkaloids give identical spectra. In the examination of stereoisomeric phenomena, the spectroscope aff o~dsa means of deter-mining whether two substances of the same formula, the one active and the other inactive, are related to one another as stereoisomerides.If they give different spectra, it can be inferred with great certainty that they differ structurally. 9 Homologous alkaloids give practically the same spectra. The formula of bulbocapnine differs from that of tetrahydroberberine and papaverine only by CH,, but the wide difference between the spectra of all three sitbstances precludes the possibility that bulbocapnine is homologously related to either. Whilst important differences of structure are always accompanied by marked dif-ferences in the spectra, many of the structura.1 details of an alkaloid may be modified without any appreciable effect being produced in the spectra. An example of this is afforded by the replacement of two of the methoxyl groups of corydaline by the dioxymethylene group in berberine. When, therefore, two alkaloids give spectra which are 2early, but not quite, identical, it n3a.y be inferred with conaiclerable probability that they differ only in minor details of structure.In such cases, a preliminary spectroscopic examination would sometimes give a clue to the constitution of an alkaloid which would greatly facilitate the chemical investigation. *3. “The absorption spectra of laudanine and laudanosine in relation to their chemical constitution.” By J. J. Dobbie and A.Lauder. In this paper, the absorption spectra of laudanine, C10H2504N,and laudanosine, C,,H,704N, two rare opium alkaloids discovered by Hosse, are described. They are shown to be practically identical with one another and, further, to resemble very closely the spectra of corydaline and tetrahydropapavei-ine (see preceding abstract). The close resemblance between the spectra of laudaniue and laudanosine confirms the view that they are homologous bodies, whilst the close agreement with the spectra of corydaline and tetrahydropapaverine points to the possession of a structure similar to that of these alkaloids.For reasons given below, the relationship with corydaline is probably somewhat closer than with tetrahydropapaverine. Laudanosine has one atom of carbon less than corydaline, the number of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms being the same in both. Assuming the formulse of the two alkaloids to have been correctly determined, t,he difference between them may conceivably consist in the absence from laudanosine of the methyl group which is present in corydaline and in the partial reduction of one of its rings, CZ2H270,N -C:H,+H, = C2,H270,N. Corydaliue.Laudanosine. In this way, the close agreement OF the spectra might. be accounted for. The absence of the methyl group would produce no appreciable 10 effect, and it is known from the examination of a number of cases that the introduction of two atoms of hydrogen into a molecule is not necessarily accompanied by any notable modification of its spectra. The spectroscopic evidence as to the close relationship subsisting between laudanosine and corydaline is substantiated by the little which is known concerning the chemistry of the former alkaloid.Like corydaline, it contains four methoxyl groups and yields metahenlipink acid as one of its oxidation products. It further resembles corydaline in the ease with which it is oxidised by nitric acid to a yellow base. This basic product has not been analysed, but it is not improbably identical with meconidine, an alkaloid associated with laudanosine in opium. The formula of rneconidine is C,,H,,04N and bears the same relationship to that of laudanosine that the formu12 of dehydrocorg-daline and berberine respectively bear to those of corydaline and tetrahydrober berine, Colourless : Corydaline. Tetrahydroberberinc. Laudmasine. C22H27OP* C20%04~~ C21H2704N. M.p. 135.5'. M. p. 167'. M. p. 89". Yellow : Dehydrocorydaline. Berberine. Meconidine. C22H2304N* C,,% O*N. C21H2304N' M. p. 118--120°. M. p. 145'. 31.p. 5s0. Whether the yellow substance produced by the oxidation of Iaudanosine is identical with meconidine or not, the mere fact of the existence in opium of the coloured base having a formula differing from that of laudanosine by four atoms of hydrogen affords support to this view of the relationship of these substances, and this hypothesis receives additional confirmation from a comparison of the melting points of the substances. DISCUSSIOK. Dr. JOWETTasked if the authors had tried the method with stereo- isorceric alkaloids like atropine and hyoscyamine or the scopolamines, or whether the method had been confined to those alkaloids with a quinoline or isoqizinoline nucleus, If the method was of general application, it would prove of great service in distinguishing between stereoisomerides and isomeric alkaloids diff wing structurally.Professor DUNSTANremarked that Dr. Dobbie had made a distinct step in advance in the direction of showing how these absorption spectra, for a knowledge of which chemists owe so much to Professor Hartley, may be definitely utilised as a criterion in determining the general molecular structure of alkaloids. Though possibly of limited application, the method promised to be of value in dealing with cases, such as those now brought forward by Professor Dobbie, where chemical methods were not yet available or applicable.Professor DOBBIE,in reply, said that although he and Mr. Lauder had incidentally examined some of the pyridine alkaloids, they had not made any systematic study of them, as they had of the alkaloids of high molecular weight. 4. Phenocycloheptene." By F. S. Kipping and A. E. Hunter. (' The dry hydrochloride of pheno-a-aminocycloheptane (Kitlping and Hunter, Trams.,1901,7Q, 602) undergoes decomposition at about 240°, giving ammonium chloride and phenocycloheptene, a homologue of indene and of dihydronaphthalene : Phenozyclopsntene. Phenocyclohexene. Phenocyclohoptene. (Indene.) (Dihydronaphthaleiie. ) Phenocycloheptene, CllH12,a colourless liquid having an odour which recalls that of indene, boils at 233.5-234' (757 rum.) and has a sp.gr. 1.009 at 4"/4". It differs from indene in chemical properties as it neither gives a picrate nor a condensation product with beuzaldehyde in presence of sodium ethoxide. On oxidation with potassium permanganate in alkaline solution at the ordinary temperature, phenocycloheptene is converted into an acid identical with the phenylbutyric-o-carboxylic acid, C0,H*C,H4*[UH2],*C0,H, prepared synthetically by Roser (Be?.., 1885, 18, 3118) ;this acid seems to be dimorphous as, when first produced, it crystallises in needles melting at 122' and subsequently in plates melting at 13S0,the latter being the form obtained by Roser, but the condibions which determine the formation of the one or other modification could not be ascertained.On oxidation with hot, very dilute nitric acid, the unsaturated hydrocarbon gives the form melting at 1389 12 5. 'I The influence of molybdenum and tungsten trioxides on the specific rotations of I-lactic acid and potassium I-lactate." ByG.G.Henderson and J. Prentice. Both molybdenum trioxide and tungsten trioxide are dissolved by a hot aqueous solution of potassium I-lactate, the former readily, but the latter with greater difficulty. 1~1each case, the specific rotation increases with the quantity of oxide in solution and reaches a maximum ([.IF = + 22.69" and + 10.8" respectively) when the substances are present in the proportion of 2 molecules of C,H,O,K to 1 molecule of RO,. At this point, the solutions are practically saturated with the oxides, for, although a little more of each oxide can be dissolved in the heat, decomposition then ensues, and the solutions become coloured blue or brown according as molybdenum or tungsten trioxide isused.These results point to the formation of potassium moly bdilactate and tungstilactate according to the equation : 2C:,H50,K +RO, = ~O,(C,H,O,K), +H,O. Sodium molybdate and tungstate are readily dissolved by an aqueous solution of I-lactic acid, the specific rotation increasing in each case as larger quantities of the salt are added. The highest readings (Lu]~ = +21.15" and +9*9") are obttined when the solutious contain 1 molecule of N+RO, for each 2 molecules of C3Hb03,and if a larger quantity of either salt is addeci the rotation diruinisbes.It seems, therefore, that a reaction occurs in the sense of the equation 2C,H,O, + Na,RO, =KO2(C3H,O3Na), + 2H,O, sodium molybdilactate and tungsti-lactate being formed. Moly'oderiurn trioxide is also dissolved by an aq ieous solution of I-lactic acid, but the compound formed in the solution is decomposed by exposure to he'it or even to diffused daylight, and hence the process of dissolution must be carried on in the cold and in a daik place. The specific rotation increases as the oxide is added and reaches a maximum (La]?' = + 24.78")when 1moleculeof Alo0,is present for each 1 molecule of C3H6O3,diminishing again on the addition of more oxide. This result iudicates the formation of a compound CHiUe(CO,H)O*MoO,*OH, or more probably CHMe<-o->l\loO,.The sousibility to light of the CO2 solution is so great that a good print from a negative can be tAken on paper s_tturatell with the solution and dried in the dark, but the blue colour of the print fades away in the absence of light. Tungaten trioxide was found to be practically insoluble in an aqueous solution of I-lactic acid. According to the views formerly expressed ( ~'T~Ics.,1899, 75, 54.2) regarding the constitution of the LL tartar emetic” class of compounds, molybdenum and tungjten trioxides should react with lactates, yielding derivatives of the type R0,(O*CHIMe*C!02M)2, and the results of this investigation point to the formation of compounds having this com-position. 8.‘‘Estimation of ethyl alcohol in essences and medicinal prepara-tions.” By T. E.Thorpe and John Holmes. The authors described a method of estimating ordinary alcohol in essences and medicinal preparations cou taining essential oils and volatile substances, such as ether, chloroform, benddehyde, camphor, compound ethers, aud which has been used for some time past in the Government Laboratory and which has been fouud to be both accurate and of very general applicdbility. It is as follows : 25 C.C. of the sauple, measured at 15.5’, are mixed with water in a separator to a bulk of from 100 to 150 c.e., and common salt is added in suffiieot quantity to saturate the liquid. The mixture is now shaken vigorously for 5 minutes with from 50 to 80 c c. of light petroleum boiling below 60°, and after standing for about half an hour the lower layer is drawn ofT into another separator, extracted, if necessary, a second time with petroIeum, and then intro- duced into a distillation flask.Meanwhile, the petroleum layers are washed successively with 22 C.C. of saturated brine, the washings added to the main bulk, which is neutralised if necessary, and then distilled, and the distillate made up to 100 C.C. and its relative density deter- mined at the standard temperature in the usud manner. The results thus obtained require a small correction from the circumstance that, as the alcohol present is distilled into four times its iritial volume, the errors of the spirit tables are necessarily quadrupled.Details were given of the mode in which the magnitude of this error may be deter- mined, and from these results the mean error of the tables at below 40 percent. proof (for example, 0.972 sp. gr.), which is the particular section of tables mainly useL& may be set down as +0.2 per cent. of proof spirit, and hence the observed determinations, expressed as percentages of proof spirit, require a subtractive correction of 0.8 per cent. Tables were given of results obtained on preparations actually made in the laboratory and containing known quantities of ethyl alcohol as evidence of the accuracy and general applicability of the method and of the degree of variation which may be expected to occur between the results of diilerent operators.14 7. (‘Carbon monoxide as a product of combustion of the Bunsen burner,” By T. E. Thorpe. The author, in the course of an inquiry into the nature of the corn- bustion-products of certain of the gas- and oil-stoves in common use, has had occasion to make observations on the behaviour of the Bunsen burner as regards its liability to evolve carbon monoxide when burning under an ordinary laboratory sand-tray. He finds that a burner fed with coal-gas at the rate of 6 cubic feet per hour and under 0.95 inch pressure will evolve about 0.022 cubic foot of carbon monoxide when burnt under a sand-tray in such manner that the inner cone of the flame impinges, or apparently impinges, on the metal. 8. Derivatives of P-resorcylic acid and of protocatechuic acid.” By W.H.Perkin, junr., and E.Schiess. The authors have been engaged for some time in the investigation of some derivatives of these acids, and the appearance of a paper by Bulow and Riess (Ber., 19212, 35,3900), which deals with somewhat similar derivatives obtained from a-resorcylic acid, has necessitated the publication of the following short account of their results. Methyl dimethyZ-P-resorcylate, (OMe),C,H,*CO,Me, is readily ob-tained as a colourless oil boiling at 160-162” under 13 mm. pressure when /3-resorcylic acid is treated with potassium hydroxide and methyl sulphate in aqueous solution. The corresponding ethyl dimethyl-/3- resorcylate boils at 170’ under 13 mm. pressure. 2 : 4-DimethoxybenxoyZacetophenone,(OMe),C,H,*CO*CH,*COPh, is produced when sodium acts on a mixtare of ethyl dimethylresorcylate and acetophenone dissolved in dry ether; it crystallises in plates, melts at 55’, and develops a brownish-led coloration with alcoholic ferric chloride. The ethereal solution gives, with copper acetate, the copper compound C,,H,,O,C: u, which crystallises from benzene in slender, green needles containing one molecule of benzene.2 : 4-Dimsthoxycinnamic acid, (OXe),C,H,*CH:CH*CO,H, which has already been obtained from methylumbelliferone by Will and Tiemann (Ber., 1882, 15, 2080 ; 1883, 16, 2116) in two modifications (a- and p-) melting respectively at 138” and 18=4O,may be easily prepared synthetically by digesting dimethylresorcylaldehyde (2 : 4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde), (OMe),C,H,*CHO, with sodium acetate and acetic anhydride in the usual manner.The acid obtained in this way by the authors was the p-modification melting at 184’. The ethyl salt, (OMe),C,H,*CH:CR*CO,Et, is very conveniently pre- pared, in a yield of 80 per cent., by tresting a mixture of dimethyl- resorcy laldehyde and ethyl acetate with sodium (compare Claisen, Ber,,,1890, 23, 977); it is a colourless oil distilling at 208' under 13 mm. pressure. 3 :4-Dimethoxycinnarnic acid may be obtained by treating dimethyl- catecholsldehyde (3 :4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde) in a similar manner ; it crystallises from acetic acid in needles, melts at 180°, and is identical with the acid which Tiemann and Will (Ber., 1881, 14,960) first prepared from caffeic and ferulic acids by treatment with potassium hydroxide and methyl iodide, Its ethyl salt may be prepared from the acid by esterification in the usual mmner, but much more con- veniently by acting on a mixture of dimethylcatecholaldehyde and ethyl acetate with sodium.It crystallises from light petroleum in plates, melts at 59", and distils at 196-191' under a pressure of 11mm. Ethyl 3 : 4-dimethoxphenyl-a:P-dibi.omoproivionate, (OMe),C,H,*CH Br*CHBr*UO,! Et, which is formed when the last-mentioned ethyl salt is treated with bromine in chloroform solution, melts at 11lo,and, when hydrolysed with excess of alcoholic potash, is converted into 3 : 4-dimethoxyphenyl-propiolic acid, (OMe),C6H,*CiC*C10,H, a colourless, crystalline sub- stance melting at 149".A detailed investigation of the above sub- stances and their derivatives is in progress. 9. gr Synthesis of imino-ethers. N-Ethyl-, N-methyl-, and N-benzyl-benziminoethers." y G. D. Lander. Alkylation by means of silver oxide and alkyl iodides occurs to a very limited extent with the alkyl and benzyl benzamides, and the imino-ethers were therefore prepared from the imide chlorides by means of the sodium alkyloxides (Trans., 1902, 81,591). The N-ethyl and N-methyl derivatives are contaminated with compounds of higher boiling points containing a smaller percentage of carbon, which may be ortho-compounds of the type CPh(OR),NI-TR. The purification of the imino-ethers is effected by wa,rming with 1/10 molecule of acetic anhydride.The irnitle cJiZoride of benxsthylamide, CPhCKNEt, boils at, 110-1 110 (15 mm.) and gives, on treatment with aniline, ethyZphenyZberuen& amidine, CPh(:NEt)*NHPh; this base, which melts at 74-76", is also obtained by condensing aniline with the imino-ether ; its platini- chloride crystallieee with 2H,O and melts at 204". N-~thybbenximinc-etrlLyl et hel., CPh(OF,t}:NEt, and N-e thybbeszzimino- methyb ethe?*, UPh(Ol\le):NEt, boil at 105' and 97-100° under 11 mm. pressure, and at 221-223' and 209-212O (uncorr.) under the ordin-ary pressure, respectively ; they are coloiirless, limpid liquids of amine-like odour. RenzoyZdiethyZbenxenyZamidine, CPh (:NEt )*NEt* COPh , a basic bye- product of the imino-ether synthesis, crystallises in colour!ess prisms melting at 90--91*5* withont decomposition ; its pldnichloride melts at 151-151*5°, and its solution, in dilute hydrochloric acid, gradually decomposes with the formation of benzoic acid, ethyl- amine, and .z compound (m.p. 101-102°) not yet examined. N-Methylben xinzinonzetiqll ether, CPh(OMe) NMe, boils at 94-9 5" under 12 mm., and at 203-206O (uncorr.) under the ordinary pressure ; the crude hydrochloride melts at 65-70', regenerating benzmethylamide. N-Methylbe97xinzinoeih~b ether, CPh (OEt): NMe, was not obtained pure; it boils at about 105' under 14 mm., and at about 215O under the ordinary pressure. Re~axo~ldimeti~~Zbenxenylai,zidine,CPh(: NbIe) NMe COPh, which re-seinbies the diet'hyl coiriyound in crystalline form and properties, melts at 116-1 17*5", its platinichboride melts at 184-185'.The inaide chloride of benxbenxplamide, CPhCl:NCH,Ph (compare Ber., 1897, 30, 17S8),decomposes, almost completely, on distillation into benzonitrile and benzylchloride, but the undistilled imide chloride condenses with aniline y ieltlin g p~~enylbe?ax?ltbenxenyZ~mi~~ine, CPh(:NCH,Ph)*NHPh, which melts at 99-100°, and is identical with Beckmann and Fellrath's base obtained from benzphenylamide imide chloride and benxylamine, and also with the amidine formed by condensation of Ilr-benzylSenzimino-ethyl ether with aniline. Phenyl-methylbenxylbenxe,ayZumidine, C'Ph( :NCH,Ph)*NMePh, which is pro-duced either from methylaniline and the imide chloride of benz-benzylamide, or by alkylating the above described amidine with methyl iodide, melts at S9--90'.N-Renxylbenximino-etl~ybether, CPh(OEt):NCH,Ph, is a viscid, colour- less, odourless oil, boiling at 186-1 88' under 12 mm. pressure ;the corresponding methyl ethesa, CPh(OMe):NCH,Ph, boils at i 78-180" iinder 11 mm. pressure. These N-benzylbenzirnino-ethers,when left in contact with air, undergo oxidation to dibenzamide, 17 10. " The condensation of phenyl ethyl ketone (propiophenone) with benzalacetophenone and of acetophenone with benzalpropio- phenone." By R. D. Abell. Phenyl ethyl ketone and benzaIacetophenone condense under the influence of sodium ethoxide to form : (i) 2-phenyl-1-methyl-1 :3-di-benzoylpropane, C24H2203(prisms, m.p. 103.5-104*5°) ; (ii) 2 : 4-diphenyl-l-metby l-l :3 :5-tribenzoylpentane, C,,H3,0, (rhombic plates, rn. p. 241 -242O). The former substance reacts with hydroxylamine to form a dioxinae, C,,H,,N,O, (needles, m. p. 204--205"), and with hydroxylauiine hydro- chloride to form 2 :4 : 6-ti*iphenpZ3-methyZpyridine, C,,H,,N (needles, m. p. 141-14Z0), this base yielding a picmte (yellow prisms, m. p. 190-1 91') and a hyJrochZoride in colourless, hygroscopic needles. Acetophenone and benzalpropiophenone in presence of sodium ethoxide react to form : (i) 2-phenyl-1 : 3-dimethyl-1: 3-dibenzoyl-propzne, C25H2402(six-sided crystals, rn. p. 162-163'. Trccns., 1901, 79, 936) ; (ii) a mixture of 2-phenyl-1 : 3-dibenzoylpropane, C,,H,,O, (Kostanecki and Rossbach, BET.,1696, 29, 1492), and 2-phenyl-l-methyl-1 : 3-dibenzoylpropane, C,,H,,O, crystallising in prisms melt- ing at 93-94' ;(iii) 2-phenyl-1 -methyl-1 :3-dibenzoylpropane, C,4H2202 (prisms, m.p. 103.5-104-5°) ; (iv) 2 : I-diphenyl-1-methyl-1: 3 :5-tribenzoylpentane, C,,H,,O, (rhombic plates, m. p. 241--2-12') ; (v) 2 :4-diphenyl-1 :3 :5-tribenzoylpentane, C,,H,,O,, (glistening prisms, m. p. 255-256') (Kostanecki and Rossbach, Be?.., 1896, 29, 1492) ; (vi) benzoic acid; (vii) a pink, viscid, acid liquid. The two homologous 1: 5-diketones indicated under (ii) coiild not be separated by solvents, but mere identified by means of the corrcspond- ing dioxirnes and pyridines, namely : the dioxime, C,,H,,N,O, (needles, m.p. 163-161*), and 2 :4 : 6-triphenylpyridine, C,,HI7N (needles, m. p. 137-138" : Widicenus and Newman, Annulen, 1898, 302, 236), corresponding to 5-phenyl-1 : 3-dibenzoylpropxne, and the dioxime, C,,H,,N,O, (I eedles, m. p. 204--305O) and 2 :4 : 6-triphenyl-3-methylpyridine, C,,H,,N (needles, m. p. 141--142O), corresponding to 2-phenyl-1-methyl-I : 3-di benzoy 1propane. In presence of an alcoholic solution of sodium hydroxide, aceto- phenone and benzalpropiophenone reacted to form : (i) 2-phenyl-1 : 3-dimethyl-1 :3-dibenzoylpropane, C,,H,,O, (six-sided crystals, m. p. 162-163') ; (ii) the mixture of homologous 1:5-diketones (prisms, m. p. 93-94'). It is therefore evident that the reaction between acetophenone and benzalpropiophenone is not a condensation in the true sense of the word, and that the substances isolated are formed by the condensation of the decomposition products of benzalpropiophenone (phenyl ethyl ketone and benzaldehyde) with benzalpropiophenone and acetophenone.11. lLA synthesis of 1 :3 : 5-triphenyl-2 : 4-dimethylcyclopentane and of 1 : 3 : 5-triphenyl-2-methylcpZ0pentane." By R. D. Abell. 2-Plienyl-1 : 3-dimethyl-1 : 3-dibenzoylpropane, C25H,402 (TVGVZS., 1901, '79, 936), when reduced by zinc dust and acetic acid, yielded the cyclic pinacone 1 : 3 :5-triphenyl-2: 4-dimethylcyclopentandiol, C2,H2,02(prisms, m. p. 143-144"), and this on reduction with red phosphorus and hydriodic acid gave two isomeric 1 :3 :5-triphenyl-2 :4-dimethylcycZopentanes, C25H26,the one crystallising in needles, m.p. SO-Sl', the other being a yellow oil (b. p. 246--348', 25 mm.). TT7hen fused with oxnlic acid, the pinacone loses two molecules of water (Fischer, Ber., 1897, 30, 559) to form the unsaturated hydro-carbon, 1: 3 : 5-triphenyl-2: 4-dimethylcyclopentadiene, C25H22 (needles, m. p. 127-12S0), which, on reduction with red phosphorus and hydriodic acid, also gave both saturated hydrocarbons. YHMe-COPh yHMe*CPh*OH $!Me=CPh QHMe-CHPh YHPh -+$!HPh I -+ YHPh I -+YHPll I CHMe*COPh CHMe*UPh*OH CMe=CPh CHMe-CHPh 2-Phen yl -1-methy1-1 : 3-di benzoylpropane, C,,H,,O,, on reduction wit,h zinc dust and acetic acid gave : (i) 1 : 3 : 5-triphenyl-%methyl-;cydopentandiol, C24H2402 (ii) 1 : 3 :5-triphenyl-2-methylcyclo-pentadiene, C,,H,, ; the former is a brown oil crystallising with difficulty, the latter, which is probably due to the dehydration of the cyclic pinacone by acetic acid, forms yellow needles and melts at 16 2-16 3'.The cyclic pinacone, C,,H,,O,, obtained as an almost colourless oil by reducing the 1 : 5-diketone with sodium amalgam in moist ethereal solution, solidified in needles (rn. p. 68-80') when left in a viicuum over concentrated sulphiiric acid, but could not be recrystnllised from solvents as it always separated as an oil. The cyclic pinacone, when fused with oxnlic acid, gave the unsatur- ated hydrocarbon, 1 : 3 :5-triphenyl-2-methylcgcZopentadiene,C24H2o (yellow needles, m.p. 162-163'). Both the pinacoue acd the Unsaturated hydrocarbon gave two isomeric 1: 3 : 5-triphenyl-2-methylc~cZopentanes, on reduction C24H22, with red phosphorus and hydriodic acid, the one crystallising in needles (m. p. 121--122O), the other being a yellow oil (b. p. 260-262', 28 mm.). 19 $!HMe*COPh yHMe*CPIi*OR $!Me= CPh yHMe*CHPh YHPh --+ YHPh I -+ YHPh I -+ YHPh I CH,*COPh CH,--CPh *OH CHZCPh C €3,--CHPh 12. Formation of carbazoles by the interaction of phenols, in the orthoketonic form, with arylhydrazines,” By F. R. Japp and W. Maitland. In a preliminary note (Proc., 1901, 17, 176) the authors showed that carbazoles could be obtained by heating certain phenols with arylhydrazines in presence of their hydrochlorides.They now find that the ease with which this reaction occurs is proportional to the readiness with which the phenol in question passes into the tautomeric orthoketonic form. Thus phenol itself does not yield any carbazole under the foregoing conditions ; a-naphthol reacts, but with great difficulty, giving a very poor yield of the carbazole derivative; P-naphthol and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene react with relative ease. This is precisely the order of reactivity in the orthoketonic form, which Thiele’s theory of double linkings would, in its application to benzene derivatives, predict for these phenols. In addition to the carbazoles described in the preliminary note, the following have been prepared. The nomenclat Lire adopted is that proposed by Graebe (Ber., 1894, 27, 3066).A/\-N&A/\I Is-1 :2-Din~p~t~~ocarbc~~oZe I 1 I 1 (m. p. 155’)-’\/\/ \/‘\/From /3-naphthol, /3-naphthylhydrazine and its hydrochloride ; identical with (‘dinaphthyleneamine,” which Walder (Bey., 1882, 15,2173) obtained by heating /3P-dinaphthol with the double com- pound of zinc chloride and ammonia.. 231°).-From /3-naphthol, a-naphthylhydrazine and its hydrochloride. 11 9 :lO-P?Lenant/mo-l’:2’-nap?ithocarbaxole,Q~H~*E--/\/I1 C6**y/\/ (m.p. NH 220°).-From 9-hydroxyphennnthrene, P-naphthylhydrazine and its hydrochloride. \/225.5').--Prom 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, a-naphthylhydrazine, and its hydrochloride. In their first note on this Eubject (Zoc. cit.) the authors pointed out that 1: 2-naphthocarbazole(phenyl-2-naphthylcarbazole),first prepared by Schtipff (Be?*,,1896, 29, %9), melted at 134-135', instead of, as stated by that investigator, at 120'.They had overlooked the fact that this correction had already been made by F. Ullmann (Rev., 1898, 31,1697). 13. Dimorphism of a-methylanhydracetonebenzil." By F. R. Japp and A. C. Michie. yPh== CMea-Methylanhydracetonebenzil, CPh(OH)*CH,>GO, which is best obtained by the condensation of benzil with methyl ethyl ketone under the influence of a 0.5 per cent. solution of potassium hydroxide in absolute alcohol, was described by Japp and Meldrum (Z'mns., 1901, 79, 1029) as forming large, flat crystals of rhombic outline ("lozenge- shaped ") melting at 118'. These crystals shorn oblique extinction in polarised light.The authors prepared this compound on various occasions and were able to conf~rm the foregoing observations. About a year ago, however, although working under apparently the same conditions, they obtained a Substance crystallising in octahedra which were isotropic in polarised light and melted at 133.5'. Analysis showed that this substance had the same composition as a-met,hylanhydracetonebenzil. Further investigation has demonstrated that these two substawes, which the authors at first supposed to be distinct chemical compounds, are, in reality, merely dimorphous forms of a-methylanhydracetone-benzil. The difficulty in proving this lay in the fact that, after the second form had once been obtained, it was apparently impossible again to prepare the first form. At last, however, the authors succeeded in doing this, but they were quite unable to obtain the result a second time; moreover, the substance was so unstable that it was converted, even in determining its melting point, into the less fusible form.The authors wish to call attention to this dimorphism, as other investigators, who might happen to obtain the more stable form first, 2I. would probably fail to recognise the suhstsnce as chemically identical with that formerly described (Trans.,i6id.). 14. '(The oxidation products of the methyl homologues of anhydr-acetonebenzil." By F. R.Japp and A.C. Michie. The various methyl homologues of anhydracetonebenzil were de-scribed by Japp and Meldrum (Trans., 1901, 79,1028, 1036, and 1037).The present authors have studied the oxidation of these substancee, with the exception of a,8/3-trimethylanhydrncetonebenzil,which, owing to the difficulty of preparing it, was not included in the investigation. Of the four methyl homologues examined, only a-methylanhydr- acetonebenzil is attacked by alkaline hypobrnmite : YPh =CNe>co KBi,0 YPh :CMe*CO,H CPh(OH)*C€3, ---+ COPh a-Meth ylmh ydmcelonebenzil a-Desylenepropionic acid (m. p. 118" and 133.5"). (m.p. 174-5"). All four bornologues are, however, readily oxidised by chromium trioxide in acetic acid solution : I. CPh==Zx CH>CO + 30 + H,O = yPh(OH)*CO,H bPh(OH)*CHMe CPb(OH) CH Me*CO,H 8-Meth ylan hy drace toneben zil a-Metbyl-a'&diphenyl-a'~-di-(m.p. 180"). hydroxyglutaric arid (m.p.176", with decomposition). CPh--CM CPh*COMe 11. I e>CO + 20 = ;>oCP h (OH) CH, CPh*CH,CO,H a-Meth~.lanh~dr~cet.oilebenzil y-Bceto-~y-diphenyl-By-oxido-(m. p. 118" and 133.5). butyric acid (111. p. 131-132'). YPh === CPh*COMe ITTa. CMe>CO + 20 = I>O CPh(OH)*CHMe CPh*CHMe*CO,H0 aB-Dimeth ylanh ydrace toneben zil y-Aceto-a-methyl- By-diphen yl-(111. p. 150"). By-oxidohutyric acid (m. p.164", with decomposition). IITb, yPh=== C'fe>CO + 0 + H,O = CPh(OH)*CHMe ,I@-Diniethylanhydracetonebenzil. CPh(OH)*CMe(OH)>CO CPh(0H)-CHMe 1 : 3-Dimethyl-4 :5-diphenyl-1:4 :5-trihydroxycyclopea tanone-( 2) (m.p. 89"). -CPh*CO,H +IV. FPh===CH>CO 3o -I>OCPh(OH). CMe, CPh*CMe,*CO,H BB-Dimethylatih ydracetonebenzil aa-Dimethyl-a’p-diphenyl-(m. p. 181”). a’B-oxidoglutaric acid (m. p. 171”and 184”). The authors suggest the use of the prefix “oxido” to denote ‘I bridge-oxygen ” regarded as a bivalent substituent. 15. “Action of hypobromites on amides.” By A. Lapworth and W.W. S. Nicholis. The action of hypobromites on certain amides has been carefully studied with the idea that the change might depend on the formation, at an intermediate stage, of alkyl and cyanate ions, which would sub- sequently unite to form an alkyl carbimide, as indicated in the following equations : 3-CH,*CO*NH, + Br, = CH, + CNO + ZHBr,+ -CH, + CNO = CH,*N:C:O.In endeavouring to imitate the conditions supposed to obtain during the reaction, potassium cyanate was warmed with potassium methyl sulphate in alkaline solution ; methylamine was easily isolated, but in comparatively small amount. It is well known that phenylcarb- imide is formed when nascent phenyl groups (ions?) are produced in presence of potassium cyanate, as when benzenediazonium salts are decomposed by copper powder. An examination was made of the bye-products in the preparation of methylamine from acetamide and of aniline from benzamide, particular attention being paid to the possibility of methyl alcohol and phenol or their decomposition products being formed, but no direct evidence bearing on the point was obtained.From benzamide, under these conditions, benzylidenedibenzamide, CHPh(NHCOPh),, is almost in-variably obtained. This is probably not produced from benzaldehyde formed at an intermediate stage, as the aldehyde does not condense with benz mide hnder the experimental conditions. 16. ‘‘Derivjtives of menthyl cyanoacetate.” By D. A. Bowack and A. Lapworth. A recent abstract (1 9@3,84,ii, 2) of a paper by Tschugaeff (J.h88. Fhys. Chem. Xoc., 1902, 34, 606-622) contains a reference to the optical rotation of menthyl cyanoacetate. As the authors have had this compound and some of its derivatives under examination for several months, they wish to record certain of their observations. Alenthyl cyanoacetafe, CN*CH,*CO,*C,,H,,, prepared by heating the ethyl ester with menthol, crystallises in well-formed, flattened needles melting at 83-84'.In 2 per cent. solution in benzene, it had [a]D = -81.12' (Tschugaeff gives -80.71') and no mutarotation could be detected. The monobromo-derivative, CN*CHBr*CO,*C,,H,,, crys- tdlises in long needles and melts at 134-135". Menthyl p-tolylaxocyanoacetats, C,H,Me*N,*CH(CN)*CO,*C,,H,,, crystallises in large, transparent, yellow plates melting at 93-95' ; it bas [a], = -53.7' in benzene and does not exhibit mutarotation. Menthyl p-bomophe.nyZaxocyanoacetate, C6H,Br N,*CH(CN)*CO2*ClOHl9, has been obtained in two forms, one crystallising in transparent plates melting at 97-98', and the other in slender needles having a somewhat indefinite melting point.17. ';The influence of nitro-groups on the reactivity of halogen derivatives of benzene." By A. Lapworth. Pour years ago, the reactivity of the halogen atoms in the ortho-and para-halogenated ni troberizenes was discussed on the assumption that an addition product', formed by adding the elements of water or another agent to the nitro-group, underwent change in the following way : O:T(OH), o:fj*orr 0:#9OH--+ II/\/OH -+ /\:oI + HBr,()Br 1'Br I1 \/ \/ \/ this reaction being impossible when the halogen is in the meta- position (Lapworth and Mills, Proc., 1898, 14,159). This explanation, which was put forward at a time when the part played by quinonoid intermediate compounds in conditioning analogous changes was not generally recognised, is revived because other re- actions of this type art? now being explained on similar lines.24 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donutians. Dibdin, William Joseph. Public lighting by gas and electricity. pp. xx, 537,ill. Lmdon 1902. From the Author. Lehfeldt, Robert A. A text-book of physics : with sections on the application of physics to physiology and medicine. pp. viii, 304, ill. London [19021. From the Author. Mayow, John. Untersuchungen uber den Salpeter und den salpetr- igen Luftgeist, das Brennen und dits Athmen. Herausgegeben von F. G. Donnan. (Being No. 125 of Ostwakd’s KZassikeT.) From the Editor. 11. Pamphbts. Ackroyd, William. On the circulation of salt and its bearing on geological problems, more particularly that of the geological age of the earth, (From the Proc.Yorh. Geol. Yo2y. SOC.1902.) Albo, Giacomo. Alcune considerazioni sul significato fisiologico degli alcaloidi vegetali. (From the Nuovo giorn. bot. itnl. 1902.) Bellati, M., and Finazzi, L. Sul calore che si produce bagnando le polveri. (From the Atti. R.Inst. Veneto. 1902.) Harper, Henry Winston. A contribution to the chemistry of some of the asphalt rocks found in Texas, Austin, Texas, 1902. Hebb, Thomas C. On a determination of the freezing-point de- pression constant for electrolytes. (From the Trans. Now. Ssot. Inst. xc. 1902.) Herrera, A. L. Le protoplasma de m&aphosphctte de chaux. Mexico 1902. Kinch, Edward. Manurial experiments on permanent grass at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester.(F~ointhe Ay&uZturccl Students’ Gazette, Dec. 1902.) Storer, Francis Humphreys. Testing for mannose. (Prom the Bulletin of the Bussey Institution 1902.) At the next ordinary meeting, on Thursday, February 5th, 1903, at 8 p.m., the following papers will be communicated : ‘‘ A new vapour-density apparatus.” By J. S. Lumsden, D.Sc. ‘‘ A new principle for the construction of a pyromeber.” By J. S. Lumsden, D.Sc. CERITIPICATEB OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.B.-The names of those who sign from ‘‘ General Knowledge ” are printed in itulics. The following Candidates have been proposed for election. A ballot will be held on Wednesday, February 18th, 1903. Alderton, Gilbert John, “The Nest,” Eglinton Road, Plumstead, London, S.E.Student, Educated at King’s College School and King’s College, London. Obtained Mathematical Scholarjhip at King’s College School, also Intermediate and Senior London County Council Scholarships. Honours Chemistry at Intermediate B.Sc. (Lond.). Daniel1 Scholsr- ship for Chemical Research, King’s College, London. Associate of Institute of Chemistry. John M. Thomson. D. Northall Laurie. Herbert Jackson. Fred. Carrodus. Patrick H. Kirkaldy. W. D. HaZZiburton. Appleyard, George Henry, 151, Cleveland Street, Hull. Analytical and Consulting Chemist. 34 Years Student at the Yorkshire College, Leeds; 38 years with Alfred H. Allen, Esq., West Riding of Yorkshire Couuty A~iitlyst, Shefield.At present Analytical 26 and Consulting Chemist to the British Oil and Cake Mills, Ltd., Hull. Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry. Alfred H. Allen. Arthur Smithells. G. E. Scott-Smith. Herbert Ingle. J’ulius B. Cohen. Wyndham R. Dunsttin. Otto Helmev. Atkinson, Edwin Bayles, Scartho House, Gt. Grimsby. Science Teacher. 1. Recognised by Board of Education as Teacher of Chemistry and Physics. 2. Late Demonstrator at Westminster School. 3. Undergraduate of London University. 4. Now Science Master at Gillingham (Dorset) Gram. School (Organised Science School). Uhailes H. Bothamley. H. Brereton Baker. H. E. Hadley. Otto C. J. G. L. Overbeck. E. H. Winder. Willie B9uigys. Alex. H. Bennett. Bowen, William, Clevedon, Woodend Road, Erdington. Works Chemist.Have been Chemist at the Nickel Companies’ Erdington Works the last four years; before then was a student at the Mason College for 4 sessions. I am an Associate of the Institute of Chemistry. J. McCrae. T. Slater Price. Andrew Turnbull. Percy F. Frankland. C. F. Baker. Cecil Leigh. Bradbury, Samuel, Thornham New Road, Castleton, Lancs. Technical Chemist. Head Chemist for five years with Gartside et Cia, Malaunay, Seine Infre., France. Assistant to M. Horace Koechlin, Rouen (Founder of the Revue Gtirhale des MatiBres Colorantes), to which journal contributed a Note sur le danger du ti Chlorate et du Sulfocyanure ” (June, 1897), also technical articles in the U.S. Textile World (August and September, 1897) and the Eng.Fmtile Manufccccturer (September and October, 1897) on “ The Printing of Metallic Powders on Cdico.” At present engaged on Research work under Prof. W. H. Perkin, jun., at Owens College. H. B. Dixon. Wm. A. Bone. W. H. Perkin, jun. D. L. Chapman. J. Curhr Bell. 27 Branch, George Thomas, c/o Mr. G. Darroll, Harfield, Claremont, Cape Town, S. Africa. Assayer and Chemist. Chemist aud Druggist, Pharmaceutical Soc. of Great Britain. For 6 years Demonstrator in Practical Chemistry and Lecturer in Materia Medica an6 Generd AnaJytical work at Metropolitan College of Pharmacy, 160-162, Kenniugton Park Road, London. Joint Auttor on Kino,” published in Chemist and Dmggist, Ap. 1898. Author of paper on “Rubber,” published in Pharma-ceutical Journal, and read before the Cape Pharmaceutical Society, Dee.1900. Author of paper on ‘‘ Ricinus species,” 1908. Herbarium Medallist, Pharm. SOC.of G.B., 1892. M. M. Pattison Muir. W. Watson Will. R. S. Morrell. Peter MacEwan. S. Ruhemann. Fh.0s. Z’yl-eY. Bywaters, Hubert William, 11, King Street, Regent Street, London, W. Associate of the Royal College of Science, London [1900], Ph.D. (Wurzburg), 1902. Engaged in Research in collaboration with Prof. Dr. W. Wislicenus (Tubingen Universitgt). Desirous of obtaining best current chemical literature and use of Reference Library. M. 0. Forster. James C. Philip. G. T. Morgan, H. Burrows. James D. Kettle. Cadman, William Henry, Lord Williams’s Grammar School, Thame, Oxon.Science Master. Candidate has passed the Final R.Sc. degree (Wales) examinations in Inorganic and Organic Chemistry after studying at the Univ. College of N. Wales, Bsngor, under Prof. James J. Dobbie, M.A., D.Sc., F.C.S. R. Hornby. W. A. Letldwidp. Alexander Lauder. W. T.B. Ridge. Percy Elford. James Robson. Gastell-Evans, John, 141, Perme Park Road, Crouch End, N. Senior Demonstrator in the Chemical Department of the City and Guilds’ Technical College, Pinsbury. Studied under the late Sir Xdward Frankland, afterwards acted as Demonstrator under him. Since 1880, have been in my present position, lecturing on Chemistry, 28 Metallurgy, &c. Author of “ Experimental Chemistry,” ‘‘ Key and Companioii to Experimental Chemistry,’’ ‘‘ Physico-chemical Tables,” &C.Raphasl Meldola. Lewis Eynon. F. Southerden. B. E. It. Newlands. Arthur It. Ling. Godling,Arthur John, 5, Tavistock Square, London, W.C. Analytical Chemist. Assistant to Dr. Augustus Voelcker & Sons. Late Assistant to Francis Sutton, Esq., F.C.S., F.I.C., of Narwich. J. Augustus Voelcker. Harry M.Freesr. E. W. Voelcker. Thos. Howard. Francis Sutton. Cousins, Francis George, Stanley House, 56, Queen’s Road, London, N. Science Master, Educated at City of London School. Late Chemical Student at the City and Guilds Technical College, Finsbury, under Prof, R. Meldola, F.R.S. Sf:ience Master at the College, Beccles, Suffolk. Late Science Master, Andover Grammar School.R. Meldola. W*.A. Hsndcock. F. Southerden. R. C. T! Evans. J. B. Knight. Coyle, Benjamin Claxton, City Laboratory, 17, Castle Street, Dublin, and 65, Lansdowne Road, Dublin. Chemical Analyst. Assistant to Sir Charles A. Cameron, C.B., M.D., F.R.C.S.I. I studied for 2& years under Profeasor J. Emerson Reynolds, F.R.S., at the University of Dublin, both Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. I have been assistant to Sir Charles A. Cameron, C.B., M.D., &c., Public Analyst, for nearly twelve years, both in the Laboratory and at his Lectures at the Royal College of Surgeons. Julius Ostersetzer. J. Emerson Reynolds. E. S. Cameron. Ch. R. C. Tichborne. Emil A. Werner. TV. E’. Adeney. Desch, Cecil Henry, Instow, Mount Pleasant Road, South ‘l’ottenham, London, N.Assistant to Prof. A. K. Huntington, Metallurgical Laboratory, King’s College, W.C. Studied 1889-1892 at Technical College, 29 pinsburg. From 1892--1900, Chemist to Messrs. F. Kendall and Son, Stratford-on-Avon. Passed Institute of Chemistry examination in 1895,and London B.Sc., with lsl, Class Honours in Chemistry, same year. Worked 1900-1902 at Wiirzburg University under Prof. Hantzsch, and obtained degree of Ph.D. summa cum laude. Obtained London D.Sc., 1902. Papers, Meldola and Desch, ‘‘ Naphthalene Derivs.,” Trans., 1892, 765 ; Hantzsch and Desch, ‘;Organische Ferri- verbindungen,” Lieb. Ann., 323,1. A. K. Huntington. R. Meldola. William Ramsay. Morris W. Travers. It. C. T. Evans. Elford, Archibald Sefton, 9, Keble Road, Oxford.Obtained Honours in Natural Science (Chemistry) at Oxford in the Final Examination. Has since studied food and drug analysis. H. Macan. John Watts. V. H. Veley. J. E. Marsh. W. W. Fisher. P. Elford. Farmer,Robert Crosbie, 154, Eglinton Road, Woolwich. Chemical Assistant in Research Dept. of Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. M.Sc. (Victoria), Ph.D. (Wiirzburg). Contributions to chemical science as follows : Die Constitution der sogen. Oxyazokijrper,” Bey., 32, 3081 ; “ a-Oximidoketone und Chinonoxime als Pseudosauren,” Ber., 32, 3101 ; Hydrolyse von Natriumphenolaten,” see Ber., 32,3080 (the above were done in collaboration with Prof. Hantzsch) ; ‘‘ Liquid Nitrogen Peroxide as a Solvent,” Trans., ’79, 1356 (with Prof, Frankland) ; ‘‘ A new method for the determination of hydrolytic dis-sociation,” Trans., 79, 863.For some time I was a demonstrator at Birmingham University. Percy F. Frankland. Thomas H. Pope. T. Slater Price. Adrian J. Brown. Alex. McKenzie. 0,Silberrad. Hindmarsh, Leonard King, 354, Lordship Lane, S.E. B.A. Balliol College, Oxford 2nd class Natural Science, 1900. Chemistry hlaster, Alleyn’s School, Dulwich. H. Brereton Baker. Allen F. Walden. D. H. Nagel. N. V. Xidgwick. Harold Hartley. H.I! Lattey. 30 Howorth, Franklin Wise, Rose Bank, Elmdnte Road, Palmer’s Green, N. Technical Chemist.. Associate of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents. Twelve years with Robt. Rurnney, Manufg. Chemist, Ardwick, Manchester. Part of time superin tended various manu- factures, including Acetate of Iron, Nitrates of Iron and Copper, Acetic Acid, Wood Spirit, Verdigris, Chromium Acetate, Manganese Sulphate, Nitric Acid, Cylinder Hydrochloric Acid, Stannate of Soda, and Tin Salts generally.Glauber’s Sdts, Caustic Potash, and soluble Alkaline Silicates. Nearly two years Chemist to the late J. H. Parkinson, Compressed Gas Engineer, Stratford, Lancashire. There I conducted experiments in oxygen manufncture. Now and for past seven years advisiug Chemist to Mr. W. Lloyd Wise, C.P.A. Hold 1st class certificates Owens College (Evening), lst., 2nd, and 3rd years’ lecture course, and 2nd year’s laborntory course. Otto Hehner. B. E. K.Newlands. C.C. Hutchinson. F. Nnpier Sutton. Oscar Gut tmann. Watson Smith. l’honzas Tper. Huyin,Moung Tha, B.A.,(Gal.),M.R.A.S., “ Eurm,a,” 18, Mercers Road, London, N. Student member, Lincoln’s Inu. Passed in Chemistry, Calcutta, B.A., Examination, 1898. Thomas Wardle. Edward W. Lewis. Gerald T. BIoody. R. Steele. William A. Davis. J. Carter Bell. Harold Hartley, Kemp-Welch, Maurice, Parkstone, Weybridge, Surrey. Graduate of Cambridge University. Natural Science Tripoa, Part I (2nd). Late Hon. Exhibitioner King’s College, Cambridge. ITT. J. Sell. Charles T. Heycock. H. 0. Jones. Jas. Kewley. mos. R. Dzcgga?z* Lees, Frederic Herbert, 256, Park Road, Crouch khd, London, N. Research Chemist in the Wellcome Chemical Kesearch Laboratories.Studied Chemistry at the Cwens College, Manchester, where I 31 subsequently, and for two years, held the post of Private Assistant to Prof. W. H. Perkin. Have contributed several papers to the Society’s Transactions. H. B. Dixon. Wm. A. Bone. W. H. Perkin, jun. G. H. Bailey. F. B. Power. Leigh, Arthur Graham, Chorcliff House, Chorley, Lancs. Rivers Inspector, Served for six years and over as assistant inspector to the Ribble Joint Committee, During that time he underwent a chemical training in the Committee’s Laboratory at Preston, and has had experience in the analysis of water, sewage, trades waste, kc., aud has asiisted in the various chemical investiga- tions published from that laboratory. Wm.Naylor. Jno. T.Brierley. Vm. Jas. Orsrnan. Artliur Smithe11s. Julius B. Cohen. Lewis, Harry Percy, Hematite House, Swansea Hematite Iron and Steel Works, Landore, R.S.O., South Wales. Head Chemist arid Assistant Works Manager. During the years 1889 and 1890, I successfully passed the following South Kensington examinations. Honours Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Advanced Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, the elementary Stages of Practical and Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Machine Drawing. I have also bad the management of the Laboratory and other departments at the atiove Works for the last 14 years. Frlznk B. Last. Thomas Sandford. Ehys P. Charles. Herbert Eccles. Charles Crocker. Mander, Percy George, Spon House, Spou End, Coventry. Scienco Master, Grammar School, Ashby-de-la-Zoucbe. B.Sc., Lond.First Class Chem. Hon. Royal Coll. Sci., Lond. First Class, third year chem. R.C.S., Lond., one year ;Mason Univ. Coll., Birmingham, three years. Percy F. Frankland. M. 0. Forster. William A. Tilden. G. T. Morgan. James C. Philip. 32 O’Brien, Frederick, 15, Lilymead Avenue, Knowle, Bristol. Analytical Chemist. 1896-1899, Studied Chemistry at University College, Liverpool. Took degree OF B.Sc. Honours in Chemistry, Victoria University, 1899. Proceeded to M.Sc. Degree in 1902. For about 18 months in Laboratory of Piiblic Analyst for the City of Liverpool and County of Lancaster. From Jim., 1901, to present time, Chemist to the Western Tanning Co., Bedminster, Bristol.J. Campbell Brown. Charles A. Kohn. W. Collingwood Williams. Ernest Bowman Ludlarn. Sydqze?/ YO16ng. Samuel, Thoman, School of Science and Art, Liscard, Cheshire. Organking Secretary to the Technical Instruction Committee of the Wallasey Urban District Council, Teacher of Chemistry in Public Secondary Schools and, since July, 1897, Director of all Science and Technical Classes in the Wallasey District (population 5 5,OOO), B.A., Inter. 13.S~. (London). J. Parry Laws. R. Henry Jones. Charles J. Mansford. F. H. Edward Dcclsies. Scholefleld, Alfred Henry, 4, Hartley Terrace, Wolverhampton. Schoolmaster. Science Master, Wolverhampton Grammar School. B.A., B.Sc., London University, J. H, Hichens. Frank Brownsword. J. T. Dunn. Wm.Whitehouse. W. H. C. Jemmett-. A. E. Dunstan. Sibley, Samuel Edward, 3, Rutland Road, Ilford. Technical Chemist. Have occupied position as deputy manager, Messrs. A. Boake, Roberts & Go., Manufacturing Chemists, Stratford, and as head assistant in their laby. under W. B. Gilcs, F.I.C. R. Meldola. T. PitzGibbon. F. Southerden. 8.Hccynes Je$kvs. Geo. Pcctteyson. Steven, Alec Bowring, Ness House, Surbiton, Surrey. Assistant Lecturer on Dyeing at the Yorkshire College, Leeds. B.Sc., London. Six years at University College. Joint author with Mr. A. G. Perkin of ‘‘ Purpurogtzllin. I.,”in Journal, 1903. A. G. Perkin. H. M. Dawson. William Rnmsay. Morris W. Travers. A. G.Green. Thomson, George Malcolm, Newington, Dunedin, N.Z.Science Teacher. Have been teaching Chemistry in the OLago High Schools for over twenty years. Examiner in the University, &c. John R. Don. 0. Gore Adnms. Thomas H. Easterfield. A. Liversidge. B. C. Aston. J. S. Muckuurin. Tilburn, Charles, 31, Hardy Street, South Yarra, Melbourne, Victoria. Assistant Lecturer in Chemistry, Geology, and Mineralogy, School of Mines, Stawell, Victoria. Passed Victorian Departmental Examina- tions in Metallurgy and Chemistry courses ; lately Assistant Demon- strator in chemistry, Working Men’s College, Melbourne ; Lecturer, Chemistry, &c., School of Mines, Stawell. D. &very. Orme Masson. A, W. Craig. Pred. V.Steel. Henry C. Jenkins. Tobon, Stanley, 14, Furnivall Road, Balby, Doncaster.Analytical Chemist. Assistant to the Great Northern Railway Co.’s Analyst. Two years student at the Yorkshire College, Laeds (Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Physics and Dyeing). One year with Messrs. Read, Holliday ib Sons, Ltd., Huddersfield, as Chemist (Chemical and Aniline Dye Manufacturers). One year in the Chemical Institute of Herr Gehr. Prof. Dr. Emil Fischer (Berlin University). Joint author with Dr. Otto Diels, “ Ueber die Nitrirung des 2-Amino- fluorens,” published in the Berichte, August, 1902. Completed nine months with G.N.R. Analyst, and still there doing general chemical analysis. Arthur Smithells. Emil Fischer. Julius B. Cohen. Walter Leach. John K. S, Dixon. Toyne, Francis Digby, Santubong, Sarawak. Chemist, c/o Messrs.Sariiwak Cut,ch Co. Ltd., Santubong, Sarawak. Training acquired at the Yorkshire College, Leeds, in the Dyeing and Chemistry Departments; also in Germany at Messrs. Bayer’s of Elberfeld. Associate of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, Honours in City and Guilds Examination in Dyeing and for 2 years in charge of the Laboratory, Sarawak Cutch Company, Ltd., &c. Henry R. Procter. Arthur Smithelk. Andrew Turnbull. E. J. Wil kinson. S. Arch. Vasey. Turner,:Duncan, Elmbank, Broomhouse, By Glasgow. Assistant Lecturer on Chemishy and Metallurgy. Received train-ing under Prof. Watson, Anderson’s College, Glasgow. For three years Assistant in the Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratory of Coatbridge Technical School and Mining College.James McCutcheon. R. R. Tntlock. Andrew Turnbull. H. Procter Smith. Geo. Ritchie. Wadmore, John Mello, B.A. (Oxon.), 6‘ Meriden,” Exmouth, S. Devon. Science Master, Aldenham School, Nr. Elstree, Herts. Late Scholar Trin. Coll., Oxon. First Class Honours Final Honours School, Natural Science, Oxford, Joint Author “ The Constitution of Hydro-cyanic, Cyanic, and Cyannric Acids,” Journal Chenz. Soc., March, 1902. (‘Nitrogen Chlorides and Bromides derived from o-Substituted Anilides,” JournciZ, July 1902. “ The CloGz Reaction,” Pyoceedings, March 1902. F. D. Chattaway. D. H. Nagel. K. J. P. Orton. R. T. Lattey. W. H. Hurtley. Allan F. Walden. Walsh, Thomas Crosbie, Sunnyside,” Muswell Avenue, Musmell Ilill, N. Chemist.Certificated Student in Chemistry, City and Guilds Technical College, Finsbury (Professor R. Meldola, F.R.S.). Late Chemist to Dental Manufacturing Company, Lexington Street, W. Chemist to Borax Consolidated, Ltd., Antofagasta, Chile, S. America. R. Meldola. F. Southerden. W. A. Handcock. J. V. Eyre. W, H. Badow, 35 Williams,David John, 1, St. Agnes Place, Kennington Park, London, S.E. Lecturer, Demonstrator in Chemistry and Histology at the Metro- politan College Pharmacy. Sessional Silver Medallist at the Metro-politan College Pharmacy. Major Qualification, Pharmaceutical Society. Advanced Certificates Mathematics, Chemistry (Inorganic), and Mechanics. W. Watson Will. F. B.Power. Thos. Tyrer. Peter MacEwccn. Edward Divers.W. L. Howie. Wilmore, Albert, 158, Skipton Road, Colne. Principal, Municipal Technical School, Colne. Twelve years a Teacher of Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic. For three years Chemist to large Tanning, Fellmongering, Degreasing, and Leather Dyeing Works of Messrs. W. and J. Sagar, Colne, Lancs., and Hackbridge, London. Contributed several Chemical Processes to the industry, which are now working successfully. At present Consulting Chemist to same firm, and to other firms in district (as occasional chemist). William A. Tilden. James 0.Philip. W. Palmer Wynne, W. B. Hards. Chapman Jones. Helzry R. Procter. Yeomans, William Wade, Middl ewic h, Cheshire. Research Chemist and Analyst. Works Chemist. Was engaged as apprentice in the Works of Messrs.Murgatroyd and Go., Middlewich; then two Sessions in the Chemical Department, Technical School ; afterwards 5& years with Messrs. Levinstein and Co., Blnckley. James Grant. F. S. Sinnatt. Herbert N. Morris. L. G. Radcliffe. Jul. Hubner. Young, Andrew, 1, Avenue Terrace, Cape Town. Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in South African College, Cape Town. M.A. and B.Sc., Edin. University. Formerly Demon- strator in Chemical Department, Heriot Watt College, Edinburgh, Now Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in South African College. Alex. Crum Brown. Hugh Marshall. J. Gibson. D. Brown. Leonard Dobbin. John S. Ford. 36 The following were authorised by the Council under Bye-law I. (3) : Bhaduri, KO, Canning College, Lucknow.M.A. in Chemistry, 1st in First Division and Gold Medallist, 1889, Calcutta University. Worked as Personal Assistant to Professor Pedlar, F.R.S., Presidency College, Calcutta, in carrying out some of his researches. Some time Professor of Applied Chemistry, Technicak Institute, Baroda. Late Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Bishop’s College, Calcutta. Professor of Chemistry, Canning College. Now making researches on some raw products of India. A. Sanyal. Alex. Pedtsr. E. G. Hill. Arthur Richcvrdaon. Prichard, George Montague, Ramtek, Nagpur, C.P., India. Analyst to Central Provinces of India Prospecting Scte. Three years’ service with Edwd. Riley, F.I.C., F.C.S. Obtained every Chemistry Prize at Felsted School for which I was entitled to enter, under A.E. Munby, F.C.S. Obtained highest marks in the School in Oxford Junior Local in Chemistry at 13 years of age. Two years service as Chemist to 14 Manganese Properties in India. Edwd. Riley. Alan E. Munby. RICIIARD CLAY AND SONS, IJMlTED. LOKDON 4KD BUKGAY.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9031900001
出版商:RSC
年代:1903
数据来源: RSC